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complexity analysis of blast-induced vibrations in underground mining: A case study

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2012年第1期22卷 125-131页

作者： cardu Marilena Dompieri Mauricio Seccatore Jacopo Department of Land Environment and Geotechnology (DITAG) Corso Duca degli Abruzzi igag c.n.r. Corso Duca degli Abruzzi Ontonix Brasil Rua Madre Rita Amada de Jesus Sao Paulo Brazil Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Blasting in geological bodies is an industrial process acting in an environment characterized by high uncertainties (natural joints, faults, voids, abrupt structural changes), which are transposed into the process parameters (e.g. energetic transfer to rock mass, hole deviations, misfires, vibrations, fly-rock, etc.). The approach to this problem searching for the "optimum" result can be ineffective. The geological environment is marked out by too many uncertainties, to have an "optimum" suitable to different applications. researching for "robustness" in a blast design gives rise to much more efficiency. robustness is the capability of the system to behave constantly under varying conditions, without leading to unexpected results. Since the geology varies from site to site, setting a robust method can grant better results in varying environments, lowering the costs and increasing benefits and safety. complexity Analysis (c.A.) is an innovative approach to systems. c.A. allows analyzing the complexity of the Blast System and the criticality of each variable (drilling, charging and initiation parameters). The lower is the complexity, the more robust is the system, and the lower is the possibility of unexpected results. The paper presents the results obtained thanks to the c.A. approach in an underground gypsum quarry (Italy), exploited by conventional rooms and pillars method by drilling and blasting. The application of c.A. led to a reliable solution to reduce the charge per delay, hence reducing the impact of ground vibration on the surrounding structures. The analysis of the correlation degree between the variables allowed recognizing empirical laws as well.

关键词： Drilling and blasting complexity analysis Vibrations c.n.r.l

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The intriguing giant deer from the Bate cave (crete): could paleohistological evidence question its taxonomy and nomenclature?

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 54-77页

作者： Maria rita PALOMBO Marco ZEDDA cnr-igag c/o Department of Earth Sciences Sapienza UniversityRomaItaly Department of Veterinary Medicine University of SassariItaly

The research describes for the first time a possible case of pituitary gigantism in fossil mammals,precisely in *** pathology was detected in 2 long bones(tibia and metatarsus)belonging to an individual of an unusual large size found at the Bate cave(rethymnon,northern crete).It formed the basis of candiacervus major,the largest among the endemic deer species recorded in the Pleistocene-Early Holocene of *** and histomorphological examinations highlighted a reduction in cortical bone thickness and the presence of wide lacunae inside of the bone *** pathological conditions suggest a pituitary gigantism diagnosis also supported by some morphological evidence,such as the extremely elongated distal part of the metatarsal diaphysis,the proportionally small proximal epiphysis,and some bone *** diagnosis of a case of pituitary gigantism as presumed responsible for the extraordinary elongation of the tibia and the metatarsal bone is intriguing as they are,respectively,the paratype and the holotype of the *** species represents a case of a deviation from the“island rule”in Pleistocene large *** new evidence recommends a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of this *** main outcomes of this research are as follows:(i)a case of pituitary gigantism is described for the first time in an extinct mammal;(ii)it is underlined that paleohistology may provide interesting clues for disentangling taxonomic and nomenclatural issues;(iii)one of the very few cases of gigantism in insular mammals is being questioned.

关键词： candiacervus major cretan deer island rule paleohistology pituitary gigantism

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A first comparison of bone histomorphometry in extant domestic horses(Equus caballus)and a Pleistocene Indian wild horse(Equus namadicus)

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 448-460页

作者： Marco ZEDDA Vijay SATHE Prateek cHAKrABOrTY Maria rita PALOMBO Vittorio FArInA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of SassariItaly Department of AIHc&Archaeology Deccan College Postgraduate and Research InstitutePuneIndia cnr-igag c/o Department of Earth SciencesSapienza UniversityRomaItaly

The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals,including ***,few researches have attempted to describe the bone tissue of extinct *** our study,we analyze and compare the histomorphometric features of the bone tissue in extant modern horses,Equus caballus,and Equus namadicus,a Pleistocene Indian extinct wild *** number,position,and size of the osteons and Haversian canals of the bone tissue,classifiable as dense Haversian tissue,were considered for the *** results obtained highlight some differences between the analyzed species,*** having fewer and bigger osteons than *** microstructural differences may depend on the different lifestyles and environmental conditions characterizing the two *** results obtained suggest that comparing the biomechanical properties of extinct and modern horse species may provide indirect information on their paleoenvironment.

关键词： bone tissue Equus caballus Equus namadicus histomorphometry horse

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Insular mammalian fauna dynamics and paleogeography:A lesson from the Western Mediterranean islands

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 2-20页

作者： Maria rita PALOMBO Department of Earth Science Sapienza University of RomeRomaItaly cnr-igag Monterotondo(Roma)Italy

Since the time of Darwin(1859)and Wallace(1869),islands have been regarded by scientists as a prime target for scrutinizing the forces that may influence evolution and diversification and important elements in biogeographic *** research aims to scrutinize whether and to what extent the composition and structure of past mammal insular faunas and their changes through time may provide sound clues for inferring the paleogeographical evolution of a *** a case study,I critically analyzed the dynamics shown by the Plio-Pleistocene mammalian fauna of 3 Western Mediterranean insular districts,the Balearic Islands,Sardinia and Sicily,each characterized by its own peculiar paleobiogeographical evolutionary *** revision of faunas and the critical analysis of the dispersal ability of the ancestors of island settlers have allowed hypothesizing on the time and mode of island *** results obtained confirm that the early isolation of the Balearic Islands from the mainland led to the establishment of an endemic fauna since the pre-Messinian Miocene(?Astaracian European Land Mammal Age,Mn7/8),and that Sardinia has definitely been isolated since the Pliocene,although dispersal events led to some faunal turnovers during the *** addition,the results suggest for Sicily a complex,still imperfectly disentangled history of alternate phases of complete separation and sporadic,more or less difficult connections with southern Italy.

关键词： dispersal islands mammal Plio–Pleistocene Western Mediterranean

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Do methods for predicting paleohabitats apply for mountain and insular fossil bovids?

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 244-259页

作者： roberto rOZZI Maria rita PALOMBO Department of Earth Sciences SapienzaDepartment of Earth SciencesUniversity of Rome consiglio nazionale delle ricerche–Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria(cnr-igag) RomeItaly

A variety of methods have been developed to use bovid postcranial elements in the functional morphology approach to paleohabitat *** study represents a first attempt at testing morphometric methods based on astragalus and phalanges on extant mountain-dwelling bovids and insular fossil bovids from Sardinia assigned to the so-called‘nesogoral group’,already regarded as close to the caprini *** intended to answer the questions whether a classic four-habitats model could be successfully applied to extant mountain-dwelling bovids,and whether results obtained could support the hypothesis of a radiative evolution for the Sardinian *** obtained,on the one hand,highlighted some inadequacies of the method if not applied to African bovids;on the other hand,they stressed the difficulties of discriminating habitat preferences of Sardinian taxa only based on biometry of astragalus and ***,statistical habitat predictions suggest the contemporaneous presence in Sardinia of bovids having about the same size,but inhabiting different environments,giving support to the hypothesis that Sardinian representatives of the genus nesogoral originated from a still unknown ancestor by an adaptive radiation evolutionary process.

关键词： Bovidae ecological morphology paleoecology Pleistocene Sardinia

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Lights and shadows in the evolutionary patterns of insular bovids

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 213-228页

作者： roberto rOZZI Maria rita PALOMBO Department of Earth Sciences SapienzaUniversity of RomeRomeItaly consiglio nazionale delle ricerche-Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria(Dnr-igag) RomeItaly

Endemic bovids are intriguing elements of insular *** living species include the Japanese serow(cap-ricornis crispus)and the Formosan serow(***),the tamaraw from Mindoro,Philippines,(Bubalus min-dorensis)and the anoas(*** and ***),2 species of dwarf buffalos endemic to Sulawesi,*** endemic bovids are only recorded in some Asian,north American and Western Mediterranean *** we present a comprehensive overview of the changes in body size and evolutionary patterns ex-hibited by both extant and extinct insular *** appraisal indicates that each insular representative of Bo-vidae shows its own peculiar evolutionary model,albeit some parallel trends exist(*** in body size,allometric changes in limb bones,alteration of the life history traits).Some changes in morphology(*** simplification of horn cores,the increase in hypsodonty,the acquisition of a‘low-gear’locomotion),for in-stance,appear as common,albeit not general,patterns triggered by a combination of selective *** size patterns support the‘generality of the island rule’and suggest that biotic interaction had/have a major role in in-fluencing body size evolution in these species,although in different ways on different *** things consid-ered,available evidence suggest that a major role in the evolution of insular bovids is played by the structure of the insular community,the nature of available niches and by the dynamics of ecological interactions.

关键词： evolutionary island shadow

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女山单斜辉石巨晶的硼同位素组成:不均一性的发现及其意义

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自然科学进展 2004年第4期14卷 417-423页

作者：夏群科 E.Deloule L.Dallai 吴元保陈道公程昊中国科技大学地球和空间科学学院合肥230026 crPG-cnrS nancy France igag-cnr Rome Italy

利用离子探针技术测定了一组安徽女山新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶的硼同位素组成.硼同位素比值非常不均一:δ^(11)B为+7.4％0～-28.6‰,既表现在不同样品之间,也表现在同一样品的内部.巨晶的硼同位素组成既没有记录暴露地表后的后期蚀... 详细信息

利用离子探针技术测定了一组安徽女山新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶的硼同位素组成.硼同位素比值非常不均一:δ^(11)B为+7.4％0～-28.6‰,既表现在不同样品之间,也表现在同一样品的内部.巨晶的硼同位素组成既没有记录暴露地表后的后期蚀变影响,也没有记录被携带上升过程中与寄主玄武岩浆和/或围岩的相互更应.不均一性继承自巨晶的地幔源区,其源区曾经经历过流体的交代作用.交代流体来自于初始硼同位素不均一并且经历不同程度脱水(脱硼)的海洋板块.结合氧同位素和Sr-nd同位素来看,对交代流体的主要贡献可能来自于蚀变洋壳而不是海洋沉积物.

关键词：硼同位素离子探针女山单斜辉石巨晶海洋板块再循环不均一性地球化学

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安徽女山橄榄岩包体的氧同位素比值和微量元素组成:地幔交代作用

安徽女山橄榄岩包体的氧同位素比值和微量元素组成:地幔交代作用

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2004年全国岩石学与地球动力学研讨会

作者：于慧敏夏群科 L.Dallai G.chazot 中国科技大学地球和空间科学学院地球物质循环实验室 igag-cnr RomeItaly Department of Geology University of Blaise PascalFrance

本文的研究对象是9个来自安徽女山新生代玄武岩的橄榄岩包体,利用激光氟化技术系统分析了橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜方辉石的氧同位素比值;利用LAM-IcPMS技术分析了单斜辉石的微量元素组成。结果显示,女山橄榄岩存在辉石与橄榄石之间的氧同...

本文的研究对象是9个来自安徽女山新生代玄武岩的橄榄岩包体,利用激光氟化技术系统分析了橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜方辉石的氧同位素比值;利用LAM-IcPMS技术分析了单斜辉石的微量元素组成。结果显示,女山橄榄岩存在辉石与橄榄石之间的氧同位素不平衡分馏现象,其中△O(=δO-δO)出现低至-0.5‰的负值;含角闪石包体中的单斜辉石明显富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Sr、Th、LrEE)和亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如nb、Zr、Ti)。氧同位素的数据表明,女山上地幔曾经经历过俯沖洋壳流体参与的交代作用,根据单斜辉石和橄榄石之间氧同位素分馏值△O与包体形成深度之间的负相关性,提出了一个“上升+缓冲”的流体交代模型。虽然微量元素特征也表明女山上地幔受到过地壳流体的影响,但是氧同位素的不平衡分馏和LILE的富集/HPSE的亏损并不是同步的,对这种现象的可能解释是:引起氧同位素不平衡分馏的交代作用和造成女山单斜辉石微量元素特征的交代作用不是同一期的,即女山上地幔曾经发生过至少2次交代事件。

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