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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone D.Margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly eNeA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CeLIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia“e.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly eLI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic eTSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few micrometers.Protons with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary targets.Under such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical application.The use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on accelerators.In this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other applications.At the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy production.The experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,Spain.Angular distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium detector.Our results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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engineering magnetic nanostructures with inverse hysteresis loops

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Nano Research 2016年第8期9卷 2347-2353页

作者： Beatriz Mora Nastassia Soriano Carolina Redondo Alberto Arteche David Navas Rafael Morales Dpto. de Quimica-fisica Universidad del Pais Vasco UPWEHU 48940 Leioa Spain ifimup-in and dept. fisica e astronomia Universidade do Porto 4169007 Porto Portugal Dpto. de Qulmica-Ffsica & BCMaterials Universidad del Pals Vasco UPV/EHU 48940 Leioa Spain IKeRBASQUe Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain

Top-down lithography techniques allow the fabrication of nanostructured elements with novel spin configurations, which provide a new route to engineer and manipulate the magnetic response of sensors and electronic devices and understand the role of fundamental interactions in materials science. In this study, shallow nanostructure-patterned thin films were designed to present inverse magnetization curves, i.e., an anomalous magnetic mechanism characterized by a negative coercivity and negative remanence. This procedure involved a method for manipulating the spin configuration that yielded a negative coercivity after the patterning of a single material layer. Patterned NiFe thin films with trench dept.s between 15%-25% of the total film thickness exhibited inverse hysteresis loops for a wide angular range of the applied field and the trench axis. A model based on two exchange-coupled subsystems accounts for the experimental results and thus predicts the conditions for the appearance of this magnetic behavior. The findings of the study not only advance our understanding of patterning effects and confined magnetic systems but also enable the local design and control of the magnetic response of thin materials with potential use in sensor engineering.

关键词： magnetic nanostructures,magnetic patterning effects,inverted loops,negative coercivity,negative remanence

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Multiscale modeling of ultrafast melting phenomena

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 324-333页

作者： Gaetano Calogero Domenica Raciti Pablo Acosta-Alba Fuccio Cristiano Ioannis Deretzis Giuseppe fisicaro Karim Huet Sébastien Kerdilès Alberto Sciuto Antonino La Magna CNR IMM CataniaItaly UniversitéGrenoble Alpes CEA-LETIGrenobleFrance LAAS CNRSUniversitéde ToulouseToulouseFrance Laser Systems&Solutions of europe(LASSe) GennevilliersFrance Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia Universitàdi CataniaCataniaItaly

Ultraviolet Nanosecond Laser Annealing(LA)is a powerful tool for both fundamental investigations of ultrafast,nonequilibrium phase-change phenomena and technological applications(e.g.,the processing of 3D sequentially integrated nano-electronic devices)where strongly confined heating and melting is desirable.Optimizing the LA process along with the experimental design is challenging,especially when involving complex 3D-nanostructured systems with various shapes and phases.To this purpose,it is essential to model critical nanoscale physical LA-induced phenomena,such as shape changes or formation and evolution of point and extended defects.To date,LA simulators are based on continuum models,which cannot fully capture the microscopic kinetics of a solid–liquid interface.In this work a fully atomistic LA simulation methodology is presented,based on the parallel coupling of a continuum,finite elements,μm-scale electromagnetic-thermal solver with a super-lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo atomistic model for melting.Benchmarks against phase-field models and experimental data validate the approach.LA of a Si(001)surface is studied varying laser fluence and pulse shape,assuming both homogeneous and inhomogeneous nucleation,revealing how liquid Si nuclei generate,deform and coalesce during irradiation.The proposed methodology is applicable to any system where the atom kinetics is determined by a strongly space-and time-dependent field,such as temperature or strain.

关键词： kinetics shape melting

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Inclusion of infrared dielectric screening in the GW method from polaron energies to charge mobilities

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1300-1307页

作者： Paolo Umari Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia Universitàdi Padovavia Marzolo 8I-35131PadovaItaly CNR-IOM Istituto Officina Dei Materiali Consiglio Nazionale Delle RicercheArea Science ParkStrada Statale 14km 163.5I-34149TriesteItaly

We introduce in the many-body GW scheme the modulation of the screened Coulomb interaction W arising from the macroscopic dielectric response in the infrared.We derive expressions for the polaron binding energies,the renormalization of the effective masses and for the electron and hole relaxation times.electron and hole mobilities are then obtained from the incorporation of appropriate scattering rules.Zinc-blende GaN and orthorhombic MAPbI3 are used as test beds finding fair agreement with results from rigorous electron-phonon coupling approaches.Although limited to polar phonons,our method has a negligible computational cost.

关键词： dielectric polaron negligible

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Thermal management for the underwater frontend and readout electronics of JUNO 20‑inch PMTs

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第3期7卷 418-426页

作者： Yangfu Wang Xiaoshan Jiang Jun Hu Peiliang Wang Lei Fan Shaojing Hou Zhe Ning Yunhua Sun Xiongbo Yan Zheng Wang Ziyue Yan Peiran Ye Jie Zhang Alberto Garfagnini Antonio Bergnoli Riccardo Brugnera Beatrice Jelmini Filippo Marini Marco Grassi Mariia Redchuk Andrea Serafini Katharina von Sturm Institute of High energy Physics BeijingChina University of China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China INFN Sezione di Padova PaduaItaly Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia Universita di PadovaPaduaItaly

Background The Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory(JUNO)is a new generation of long-term operation neutrino experimental platform under construction in Jiangmen,Guangdong province of southern China.The underwater frontend and readout electronics(F&R electronics)are placed nearby the 20-inch PMTs and readout current signals from three PMTs.The electronics are sealed in a stainless-steel underwater box to keep them dry,and temperature control of the electronics plays a significant role in their reliability.Methods A conductive cooling structure based on the passive cooling method is designed for the 20-inch PMT F&R electronics.Both numerical simulation and experimental tests were performed to evaluate the cooling structures'thermal performance.Results The results show that the case temperature of the respective chip for 20-inch PMT F&R electronics is less than 30℃in ambient still water.Conclusion The case temperature of the respective chip meets the strict temperature requirement for the F&R electronics.The JUNO collaboration has adopted this cooling structure for the 20-inch PMT readout electronics.

关键词： Thermal management JUNO PMT electronics

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Nuclear liquid-gas phase transition within a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第11期46卷 231-237页

作者：张晶刘宏铭李增花 G.F.Burgio H.-J.Schulze Institute of Modern Physics Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e AstronomiaUniversitàdi CataniaVia S.Sofia 64I-95123 CataniaItaly

The critical parameters of the liquid-gas phase transition of symmetric nuclear matter are computed using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock method at finite temperature by employing different realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials.Temperature effects on single-particle potentials,defect functions,and three-body forces are discussed in detail.Results obtained from the full procedure and frozen-correlations approximation are compared.We find critical temperatures of approximately 14 to 19 MeV and critical densities in the range of 0.05 to 0.08fm^(-3),depending on the interactions employed.

关键词： nuclear liquid-gas phase transition Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach symmetric nuclear matter

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Fiber Cavity Ring Down and Gain Amplification effect

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Photonic Sensors 2016年第4期6卷 324-327页

作者： Susana SILVA Regina MAGALHAeS Rosa Ana PeReZ-HeRReRA Manuel LOPeZ-AMO M. B. MARQUeS O. FRAZAO IINeSC TeC Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal dept. de fisica e astronomia da Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal public University of Navarra Dept. of Electric and Electronic Engineering Campus de Arrosadla Pamplona Spain.

一个做耳的纤维放大器(eDFA ) 的效果把一枚洞戒指的纤维戒指放在内在下面(CRD ) 配置被学习。当水流的功能适用，到 eDFA 的获得也被介绍，这的限制和配置被讨论的优点，和铃流的学习预定。在这种情况中，在产量信号的力量变化强烈依... 详细信息

一个做耳的纤维放大器(eDFA ) 的效果把一枚洞戒指的纤维戒指放在内在下面(CRD ) 配置被学习。当水流的功能适用，到 eDFA 的获得也被介绍，这的限制和配置被讨论的优点，和铃流的学习预定。在这种情况中，在产量信号的力量变化强烈依赖于有 eDFA 获得的洞铃流时间。

关键词：光腔衰荡光纤环放大效应增益掺铒光纤放大器 eDFA 功率波动输出信号

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Confocal-based fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy with a SPAD array detector

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第2期10卷 289-300页

作者： eli Slenders Marco Castello Mauro Buttafava Federica Villa Alberto Tosi Luca Lanzanó Sami Valtteri Koho Giuseppe Vicidomini Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoaItaly Dipartimento di eiettronica Informazione e BioingegneriaPolitecmco di MilanoMilanItaly Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT lstituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoaItaly Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia Universita di CataniaCataniaItaly

The combination of confocal laser-scanning microscopy(CLSM)and fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy(FFS)is a powerful tool in studying fast,sub-resolution biomolecular processes in living cells.A detector array can further enhance CLSM-based FFS techniques,as it allows the simultaneous acquisition of several samples-essentially images-of the CLSM detection volume.However,the detector arrays that have previously been proposed for this purpose require tedious data corrections and preclude the combination of FFS with single-photon techniques,such as fluorescence lifetime imaging.Here,we solve these limitations by integrating a novel singie-photon-avalanche-diode(SPAD)array detector in a CLSM system.We validate this new implementation on a series of FFS analyses:spot-variation fluorescence correlation spectroscopy,pair-correlation function analysis,and image-derived mean squared displacement analysis.We predict that the unique combination of spatial and temporal information provided by our detector will make the proposed architecture the method of choice for CLSM-based FFS.

关键词： spectroscopy correction integrating

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Numerical Study on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Spectral Calibration and Re-Sampling Importance

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Photonic Sensors 2013年第1期3卷 35-43页

作者： Hamid HOSSeINY Departamento de fisica e astronomia Faculdade de Ciēncias da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal INeSC-Tec Rua do Campo Alegre 687 Porto Portugal

A spectral calibration technique, a data processing method and the importance of calibration and re-sampling methods for the spectral domain optical coherence tomography system were numerically studied, targeted to optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal processing implementation under graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture. Accurately, assigning the wavelength to each pixel of the detector is of paramount importance to obtain high quality images and increase signal to noise ratio (SNR). High quality imaging can be achieved by proper calibration methods, here performed by phase calibration and interpolation. SNR was assessed employing two approaches, single spectrum moving window averaging and consecutive spectra data averaging, to investigate the optimized method and factor for background noise reduction. It was demonstrated that the consecutive spectra averaging had better SNR performance.

关键词：光学相干层析校准方法数值研究成像光谱取样方法频域断层成像系统数据处理方法

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On the role of the uncertainty principle in superconductivity and superfluidity

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第7期21卷 125-131页

作者： Roberto Onofrio Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia"Galileo Galilei" Universitàdi PadovaVia Marzolo 8Padova 35131Italy ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA

We discuss the general interplay between the uncertainty principle and the onset of dissipationless transport phenomena such as superconductivity and superfluidity. We argue that these phenomena are possible because of the robustness of many-body quantum states with respect to the external environment, which is directly related to the uncertainty principle as applied to coordinates and momenta of the carriers. In the case of superconductors, this implies relationships between macroscopic quantities such as critical temperature and critical magnetic field, and microscopic quantities such as the amount of spatial squeezing of a Cooper pair and its correlation time. In the case of ultracold atomic Fermi gases, this should be paralleled by a connection between the critical temperature for the onset of superfluidity and the corresponding critical velocity. Tests of this conjecture are finally sketched with particular regard to the understanding of the behaviour of superconductors under external pressures or mesoscopic superconductors, and the possibility to mimic these effects in ultracold atomic Fermi gases using Feshbach resonances and atomic squeezed states.

关键词： superconductivity superfluidity uncertainty principle squeezed states

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