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Predicting hydrate forming pressure of pure alkanes in the presence of inhibitors

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第3期17卷 249-255页

作者： Alireza Bahadori Hari B.Vuthaluru Saeid Mokhatab Moses O.Tade Department of chemical Engineering Curtin University of Technology Process Technology Department Tehran Raymand Consulting Engineers

An inherent problem with natural gas production or transmission is the formation of gas hydrates, which can lead to safety hazards for production/transportation systems, and substantial economic risks. Hydrate inhibition with different inhibitors such as, methanol, ethylene glycol （EG）, triethylene glycol （TEG）, and sodium chloride solution continues to play a critical role in many operations. An understanding of when the hydrates form in the presence of these hydrate inhibitors, is therefore necessary to overcome hydrate problems. Several thermodynamic models have been proposed for predicting the hydrate formation conditions in aqueous solutions containing methanol/glycols and electrolytes. However, available models have limitations that include the types of liquid, compositions of fluids, and inhibitors used. The aim of this study is to develop a simple-to-use correlation for accurate prediction of hydrate-forming pressures of pure alkanes in the presence of different hydrate inhibitors, where the obtained results illustrate good agreement with the reported experimental data.

关键词： gas hydrates pure alkanes methanol: ethylene glycol triethylene glycol sodium chloride

Novel approaches for the prediction of density of glycol solutions

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第3期17卷 298-302页

作者： A.Bahadori Y.Hajizadeh H.B.Vuthaluru M.O.Tade S.Mokhatab Department of chemical Engineering Curtin University of Technology Institute of Petroleum Engineering Heriot-Watt University Process Technology Department Tehran Raymand Consulting Engineers

Two new approaches for the accurate prediction of densities of the commonly used glycol solutions in the gasprocessing industry are presented in the article. The first approach is based on developing a simple-to-use polynomial correlation for an appropriate prediction of density of glycol solutions as a function of temperature and weight percent of glycols in water, where the obtained results show very good agreement with the reported experimental data. The second approach, however, is based on the artificial neural networks （ANN） methodology, wherein the results demonstrate the ability of the introduced method to predict reasonably accurate densities of glycols under operating conditions. Comparisons of the two novel approaches indicated that the simple-to-use correlation appears to be superior owing to its simplicity and clear numerical background, wherein the relevant coefficients can be retuned if new and more accurate data are available in the future. The average deviation of the new proposed polynomial correlation results from reported data is 0.64 kg/m^3 whereas the average deviation of artificial neural networks （ANN） methodology from reported data is 1.1 kg/m^3.

关键词： glycols density polynomial correlation artificial neural networks gas processing

Analyzing solubility of acid gas and light alkanes in triethylene glycol

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第1期17卷 51-58页

作者： Alireza Bahadori Hari B.Vuthaluru Saeid Mokhatab Department of chemical Engineering Curtin University of TechnologyGPO Box 1987PerthWA 6845Australia Process Technology Manager Tehran Raymand Consulting EngineersTehranIran

Physical solvents such as ethylene glycol （EG）, diethylene glycol （DEG）, and triethylene glycol （TEG） are commonly used in wet gas dehydration processes with TEG being the most popular due to ease of regeneration and low solvent losses. Unfortunately, TEG absorbs significantly more hydrocarbons and acid gases than EG or DEG. Quantifying this amount of absorption is therefore critical in order to minimize hydrocarbon losses or to optimize hydrocarbon recovery depending on the objective of the process. In this article, a new correlation that fully covers the operating ranges of TEG dehydration units is developed in order to determine the solubility of light alkanes and acid gases in TEG solvent. The influence of several parameters on hydrocarbon and acid gas solubility including temperature, pressure, and solvent content is also examined.

关键词： solubility triethylene glycol acid gas hydrocarbon gas dehydration

Rapidly Estimating Natural Gas Compressibility Factor

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2007年第4期16卷 349-353页

作者： Alireza Bahadori Saeid Mokhatab Brian F.Towler Department of chemical Engineering Curtin University of Technology GPO Box 1987PerthWA 6845Australia Process Technology Department Tehran Raymand consulting Engineers TehranIran chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department University of Wyoming Laramie.WYUSA

Natural gases containing sour components exhibit different gas compressibility factor （Z） behavior than do sweet gases. Therefore, a new accurate method should be developed to account for these differences. Several methods are available today for calculating the Z-factor from an equation of state. However, these equations are more complex than the foregoing correlations, involving a large number of parameters, which require more complicated and longer computations. The aim of this study is to develop a simplified calculation method for a rapid estimating Z-factor for sour natural gases containing as much as 90% total acid gas. In this article, two new correlations are first presented for calculating the pseudo- critical pressure and temperature of the gas mixture as a function of the gas specific gravity. Then, a simple correlation on the basis of the standard gas compressibility factor chart is introduced for a quick estimation of sweet gases＇ compressibility factor as a function of reduced pressure and temperature. Finally, a new corrective term related to the mole fractions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide is developed.

关键词： natural gas compressibility factor sour gas critical pressure critical temperature

Experimental Study on Liquid-Liquid Equilibria of Alcohol- Ester-Water-CaCl_2 System

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2014年第2期16卷 46-49页

作者： Fu Jiquan Fu Die Center of chemical Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Impact Environmental consulting Inc170 Keyland Ct BohemiaNY 11716 USA

The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyzed. The results showed that an obvious salt effect could be identified for the systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water.

关键词： 1-butanol n-butyl acetate salt effect salt-containing liquid -liquid equilibria

Estimating the Properties of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Rate Transient Decline Curve Analysis

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 848-856页

作者： Amin Daryasafar Mohammad Joukar Mohammad Fathinasab Giovanni Da Prat Riyaz Kharrat Petroleum Department Petroleum University of Technology Department of Petroleum Engineering National Iranian South Oilfields Company (NISOC) Department of chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Da Prat & Associates (consulting Company)

Transient rate decline curve analysis for constant pressure production is presented in this pa- per for a naturally fractured reservoir. This approach is based on exponential and constant bottom-hole pressure solution. Based on this method, when In （flow rate） is plotted versus time, two straight lines are ob- tained which can be used for estimating different parameters of a naturally fractured reservoir. Parameters such as storage capacity ratio （co）, reservoir drainage area （A）, reservoir shape factor （CA）, fracture per- meability （ky）, interporosity flow parameter （,~） and the other parameters can be determined by this ap- proach. The equations are based on a model originally presented by Warren and Root and extended by Da Prat et al. and Mavor and Cinco-Ley. The proposed method has been developed to be used for naturally fractured reservoirs with different geometries. This method does not involve the use of any chart and by us- ing the pseudo steady state flow regime, the influence of wellbore storage on the value of the parameters ob- tained from this technique is negligible. In this technique, all the parameters can be obtained directly while in conventional approaches like type curve matching method, parameters such as co and g should be ob- tained by other methods like build-up test analysis and this is one of the most important advantages of this method that could save time during reservoir analyses. Different simulated and field examples were used for testing the proposed technique. Comparison between the obtained results by this approach and the results of type curve matching method shows a high performance of decline curves in well testing.

关键词： naturally fractured reservoirs rate transient decline curve analysis well testing pseudo-steady state condition bounded reservoirs.

Prospects for petroleum mass spectrometry and chromatography

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第7期56卷 833-839页

作者： HSU Chang Samue SHI Quan Petro Bio Oil consulting Department of chemical and Biomedical Engineering Florida State University State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

Several recently developed analytical techniques, based on high-end mass spectrometry and chromatography, for dealing with challenges in petroleum characterization are reported. Folded flight path time-of-flight mass spectrometry provides resolving power up to 100000, enabling accurate mass measurement for molecular formula determination with high confidence. Atmos- pheric pressure chemical ionization （APCI） can be used in both gas chromatography （GC, as APGC） and liquid chromatog- raphy （LC） for analyzing non-polar hydrocarbons as well as polar compounds. The improvement in chromatography facilitates the mass spectrometric analysis through online coupling. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography （GCxGC） re- solves overlapping components, rendering accurate identification and quantitation. Supercritical fluid extraction has been de- veloped as an alternative method to replace traditional solvent extraction methods and eliminate the use of large volumes of solvents that can be harmful to health and environment. Supercritical fluid chromatography （SFC） has been developed as a convergence of GC and LC chromatographic techniques. The use of SFC for heavy oils and residua has been demonstrated. Prospective developments in the use of mass spectrometric and chromatographic methods for petroleum characterization are also described.

关键词： mass spectrometry petroleum FT-ICR GCxGC APGC