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Crop productivity,soil health,and energy dynamics of Indian Himalayan intensified organic maize-based systems

International Soil and Water Conservation research 2021年第2期9卷 260-270页

作者： Raghavendra Singh Subhash Babu R.K.Avasthe Gulab Singh Yadav Anup Das K.P.Mohapatra Amit Kumar Vinod K.Singh Puran Chandra icar-national organic farming research institute GangtokSikkim737102India Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India icar research Complex for NEH Region Tripura CentreLembucherraTripura799210India icar-national Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources New Delhi110012India

The sustainability of prevailing maize-fallow system in rainfed ecosystems of the Eastern Himalayan region(EHR)of India is often questioned due to poor economic return and negative impact on soil ***,the six cropping systems,maize-fallow(M-F),maize t cowpea-rapeseed(M t C-Rs),maize t cowpea-buckwheat(M t C-Bw),maize t cowpea-barley(M t CeB),maize t cowpea-garden pea(M t C-GP)and maize t cowpeaerajmash(M t C-R)in the main plot and three soil moisture conservation measures,no-mulch(NM),maize stover mulch(MSM)and maize stover t weed biomass mulch(MSM t WBM)in sub-plot were evaluated for four consecutive years(2014-18)at a research Farm in fixed plot *** indicated that cowpea co-culture with maize and inclusion of winter crop increased maize yield by 6.2e23.5%over *** the systems,the M t C-GP recorded the highest crop *** residual effect of MSM t WBM increased maize grain yield by 19.1%over *** of maize t cowpea-winter crops significantly improved the available N(3.2e12.9%),P(3.6 e12.7%),K(1.9e26.3%),organic carbon(9.2e16.8%),microbial biomass carbon-MBC(15.2e43.9%)and dehydrogenases-DHA(17.2e42.3%)in soil at 0e15 cm depth as compared to *** M t C-GP also recorded maximum net return(US$2460 ha1),benefit:cost(B:C)ratio(2.86)and energy use efficiency(7.9%).The MSM t WBM recorded higher net return(US$1680 ha1)and B:C ratio(2.46)over ***,cowpea t maize-garden pea(M t C-GP)along with the application of MSM t WBM is a sustainable production practice to intensify the organically managed maize-fallow system in rainfed regions of the EHR of India and other similar ecosystems.

关键词： Crop intensification Energy productivity Gross return Soil health Water productivity

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Institutional performance and participatory paradigms: Comparing two groups of watersheds in semi-arid region of India

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2020年第2期8卷 164-172页

作者： Biswajit Mondal Nagarajan Loganandhan Sekhargowda L.Patil Anurag Raizada Suresh Kumar Gopal L.Bagdi icar-national Rice research institute(NRRI) CuttackIndia Krishi Vigyan Kendra HirehalliICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchBangaloreIndia icar-Indian institute of Soil&Water Conservation BellaryIndia national research Centre on Integrated farming Pipra KothiEast ChamparanIndia icar-Central Sheep and Wool research institute AvikanagarIndia

Watershed development programmes carried out in different agroclimatic conditions in India resulted in beneficial impact in terms of productivity enhancement and natural resources conservation, but less attention paid to institutional and participatory aspects. This paper explored the performance of various institutions regarding execution of watershed development programmes in semi-arid region of India. Recorded observations from documents maintained at watershed level and information collected through primary survey as well as focus group discussion with different types of stakeholders were used for analysis. The results indicated lacunae in participatory aspects during programme implementation process like monitoring activities, management of common property resources and equity. Gap in linkages and differential level of performance of various watershed level functionaries indicates the necessity for corrections in the structures and linkages pattern for sustainability of the infrastructure and institutions. The study also showed unequal priorities by the implementing agencies towards in-stitutions, land and water resources development, production enhancement activities and fodder re-sources development as well as rationalities of technical, economic, financial, political and social aspects among the watersheds.

关键词： Participation paradigm index Participatory watershed development index Rationality analysis Semi-arid region Stakeholder analysis Watershed development programme

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Growth performance, and enteric and manure greenhouse gas emissions from Murrah calves fed diets with different forage to concentrate ratios

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 215-221页

作者： Vinu M.Nampoothiri Madhu Mohini Bilal A.Malla Goutam Mondal Sujata PANDita Division of Animal Nutrition ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute Division of Animal Physiology ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute

The present study investigated the effects of different dietary forage to concentrate ratios on animal performance, and enteric and manure greenhouse gas emissions in growing *** male Murrah calves(153.5 ± 18.17 kg; 6 to 12 months) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments and fed corn fodder, wheat straw and concentrate in 3 different proportions: 20:60:20(C20); 20:40:40(C40) and 10:30:60(C60), for a period of 120 *** dietary concentrate proportion had no significant(P > 0.05) effect on dry matter intake(DMI) but increased crude protein(CP) and total digestible nutrient intake(P 0.05).The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP were higher(P 0.05).Daily methane(CH_4) emission(g/d), CH_4 energy loss(MJ/d) and CH_4 yield(CH_4 g/kg organic matter intake [OMI], CH_4 g/kg digestible OMI, and CH_4% of metabolizable energy intake) were significantly higher for C20 compared with C60(P 0.05).Manure CH_4(g/kg DMI) and nitrous oxide(N_2O mg/kg nitrogen) emissions were not affected(P > 0.05), but N_2O emission on mg/kg DM basis was significantly higher(P < 0.05) from the manure of calves fed C60 than that for ***, increasing dietary concentrate proportion improved animal performance, and reduced enteric CH_4 emission(g/day) without any significant effect on manure N_2O(mg/kg nitrogen) and CH_4 emissions.

关键词： Concentrate proportion Growth Digestibility Manure Methane Nitrous oxide

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Amino acid assisted aqueous synthesis of highly stable CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals for cell imaging

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Nano research 2025年第1期18卷 675-683页

作者： Xue Li Yanan Guo Guoying Tan Qingyi Liu Nan Song Yu Tang State Key Laboratory of Applied organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare EarthsBaotou 014030China

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance and have drawn great interests in the fields of biological imaging and ***,the poor stability of CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)in water is still a challenge to hinder their practical *** this work,a facile strategy has been developed for aqueous synthesis of CsPbX_(3) nanocrystals,in which L-glutamic acid(LGlu)has been used to replace oleic acid in the synthetic *** from the synergic effects of L-Glu and oleylamine(OAm),CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals(L-Glu/OAm-CsPbBr_(3)NCs)with high water stability have been directly prepared under a mild condition at room temperature in water,facilitated by the process of crystal phase transformation from Cs_(4)PbBr_(6) to CsPbBr_(3).L-Glu/OAm-CsPbBr_(3)NCs exhibit a high quantum yield of 85%and a narrow full width at half maximum of 16 nm,demonstrating their efficient luminescence in ***,L-Glu on the surface have contributed greatly to an acidic environment and passivation of surface defects,improving the water stability and dispersibility of CsPbBr_(3)***,L-Glu/OAm-CsPbBr_(3)NCs exhibit great biocompatibility due to the presence of L-Glu,resulting in their good performance for HeLa cell ***,we propose a facile and effective method to prepare CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals with excellent water stability by using L-Glu and OAm as cooperated ligands and expand their application in cell imaging.

关键词： aqueous synthesis cell imaging lead halide perovskite nanocrystals L-glutamic acid phase transformation

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Synergistic promotion strategy of “dual-site” and “dual-path” to enhance the C–C coupling between CO2 and HCHO driven by photoelectrocatalysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 39-49页

作者： Hongqiang Yang Jianfeng Zheng Guoyu Wang Yifei Gao Yatao Yang Jia Li Xiaojin Han Yan Cui Zhanggen Huang national Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenyang University of Chemical Technology

Photoelectrocatalytic coupling CO2and volatile organic compounds （VOCs） is a promising green strategy for the synergistic conversion of the two carbon-containing resources to *** catalytic efficiency is always at the mercy of chemical inertness of CO2and the competitive hydrogen evolution of ***,a modified g-C3N4/ZnAl-LDH Z-scheme heterojunction catalyst with dual reaction site was rationally designed and precisely *** Faraday efficiency of ethanol reached 68.67%with a corresponding formation rate of 227.3μmol *** revealed by in-situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations,CO2and HCHO were absorbed at Zn site and N site,***,*CO generated from CO2and HCHO was converted to*CH3O and*CHO on the dual-active-site *** detailed reaction mechanism experiments indicated that C–C coupling only occurred between*CO and*CH3O in electrocatalysis *** from the“*CO+*CH3O”path,another“*CO+*CHO”coupling path was also detected in photoelectrocatalytic *** selectivity of ethanol was significantly enhanced due to the synthesis of dual-site catalyst and the dual-path coupling path between CO2and HCHO simultaneously driven by light and electricity.

关键词： Photoelectrocatalysis Z-scheme C–C coupling Ethanol

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Syntheses and Crystal Structures of (S)-Methyl 2-(4-R-phenylsulfonamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate (R=H(1)and Cl (2))

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2008年第6期27卷 691-696页

作者：李文明王建国郭万成李正名宋海斌 Elemento-organic Chemistry institute State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryNational Pesticide Engineering Research CenterNankai University

The title compounds （S）-methyl-2-（4-R-phenylsulfonamido）-3-（1H-indol-3- yl）propanoate （R = H （1）, Cl （2）） have been synthesized and their crystal structures also have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 （C18H18N2O4S） belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 9.6348（14）, b = 11.1517（17）, c = 16.412（3） A, V = 1763.4（5） A^3, Mr = 358.40, Z = 4, De = 1.350 g/cm^3,/t = 0.209 mm^-1, F（000） = 752, R = 0.0348 and wR = 0.0714. Compound 2 （CI8H17ClN2O4S） crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 9.3128（14）, b = 10.9655（16）, c = 17.783（3） A, V = 1815.9（5） A^3, Mr = 392.85, Z = 4, De = 1.437 g/cm^3, p = 0.352 mm^-1, F（000） = 816, R = 0.0389 and wR = 0.0845. The absolute structure Flack parameters X of compounds 1 and 2 are -0.03（8） and -0.06（7）, respectively. X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal structures of these two compounds both involve two intermolecular N-H…O hydrogen bond＇s.

关键词： X-ray diffraction crystal structure syntheses

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Effects of soybean oil exposure on the survival,reproduction,biochemical responses,and gut microbiome of the earthworm Eisenia fetida

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第11期133卷 23-36页

作者： Yating Du Guangshen Shang Junjie Zhai Xing Wang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and organic farming Beijing 100193China organic Recycling research institute(Suzhou) China Agricultural UniversitySuzhou 215100China

With increasing production of kitchen waste,cooking oil gradually enters the soil,where it can negatively affect soil *** this study,we explored the effects of soybean oil on the survival,growth,reproduction,tissue structure,biochemical responses,mRNA expression,and gut microbiome of earthworms(Eisenia fetida).The median lethal concentration of soybean oil was found to be 15.59%.Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited following exposure to a sublethal concentration of soybean oil(1/3 LC50,5.2%).The activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)were affected under soybean oil *** glutathione(GSH)content decreased significantly,whereas that of the lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly after soybean oil *** expression levels of the SOD,metallothionein(MT),lysenin and lysozyme were significantly *** abundance of Bacteroides species,which are related to mineral oil repair,and Muribaculaceae species,which are related to immune regulation,increased within the earthworm *** results indicate that soybean oil waste is toxic to ***,earthworms deployed defense mechanisms involving antioxidant system and gut microbiota for protection against soybean oil exposure-induced stress.

关键词： Gene expression Gut microbiota Eisenia fetida Soybean oil Reproduction

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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural research(icar)-national institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India icar-Central institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India icar-national Rice research institute Cuttack 753006India icar-Directorate of Weed research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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Soil and onsite nutrient conservation potential of aromatic grasses at field scale under a shifting cultivated,degraded catchment in Eastern Ghats,India

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International Journal of Sediment research 2018年第3期33卷 340-350页

作者： Partha Pratim Adhikary Hunsur Chikkanarasimhaiah Hombegowda Dhananjay Barman Madegowda Madhu icar-Indian institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research Centre icar-Central research institute for Jute and Allied Fibres

Land degradation due to soil erosion is a global problem, especially on cultivated hill slopes. Economically important aromatic grasses can protect degraded hill slopes more effectively than field crops, but little information is available on their performance. This study quantifies runoff, sediment yield,enrichment ratios of soil and nutrients, and sediment-associated organic carbon and nutrients losses under three aromatic grass species: citronella(Cymbopogon nardus), lemon(Cymbopogon flexuosus), and palmarosa(Cymbopogon martini), compared with a traditional field crop, finger millet(Eleusine coracana)grown at three land slopes(4%, 8%, and 12%). It was observed that the degree of slope and type of grass both significantly influenced runoff generation. Runoff and sediment yield(SY) were significantly higher at 12% slope than at 8% and 4% slopes. Relation between rainfall and runoff were significant for all the grass species(p organic carbon(SOC), available nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in the sediment were not significantly different between slopes but differed significantly between aromatic grasses and finger millet. Sediment associated nutrient load varied inversely with SY mainly because of the nutrient dissolution effect of high runoff volume. Annual loss of SOC and nutrients varied from 84.7-156.8 kg ha-1y-1for SOC, 4.38-9.18 kg ha-1y-1for available N, 0.35-0.75 kg ha-1y-1for available P, and 2.22-5.22 kg ha-1y-1for available K, with the lowest values for citronella and highest for finger millet. The study found that the aromatic grasses have greater environmental conservation values than finger millet on steep degrade

关键词： Aromatic grass Enrichment ratio Nutrient loss Runoff Sediment yield

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Carotenoids:Extraction strategies and potential applications for valorization of under-utilized waste biomass

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Food Bioscience 2022年第4期48卷 630-645页

作者： Swati Tiwari Priya Yawale Neelam Upadhyay Dairy Technology Division ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal132001HaryanaIndia

Carotenoids are organic compounds and widely distributed pigments that provide shades of yellow,orange or red to agricultural,horticultural and aqua *** not only are natural colourants but also play a vital role in both plant and human health,besides holding potential(especiallyβ-carotene)to address much prevalent vitamin A deficiency around the *** bio-wastes generated from fruits and vegetable processing industries like carrot pomace,tomato peels,etc.;fish processing industry and;non-edible sources like marigold flower are rich sources of *** sources could be potentially used for extraction of carotenoids for an array of ***,organic solvents have been used for their extraction,most of which are ***,scientists have commenced their researches on alternative green solvents for extraction purposes as these besides retaining natural colour,also provide numerous health *** oils are one such example of green solvents which are edible,safe,natural,non-toxic,and environment friendly,and help in harnessing bio-functional properties from bio-wastes and other non-edible *** review recapitulates distribution of carotenoids in these sources;existing conventional strategies and recent developments in innovative extractions;followed by potential applications of extracted carotenoids in food,pharma and cosmetic industries.

关键词： Carotenoids Carrot bio-waste Tomato peel waste Marigold flower Vegetable oil Extraction

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