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Direct-seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adaption

Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ indian Council of Agricultural Research(icar)-National institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India icar-Central institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India icar-National Rice Research institute Cuttack 753006India icar-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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The Forecast Skills and Predictability Sources of Marine Heatwaves in the NUIST-CFS1.0 Hindcasts

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1589-1600页

作者： Jing MA Haiming XU Changming DONG Jing-Jia LUO Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/KLME/ILCEC/institute of Climate and Application Research(icar) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingJiangsu 210044China

Using monthly observations and ensemble hindcasts of the Nanjing University of Information science and Technology Climate Forecast System(NUIST-CFS1.0) for the period 1983–2020, this study investigates the forecast skill of marine heatwaves(MHWs) over the globe and the predictability sources of the MHWs over the tropical oceans. The MHW forecasts are demonstrated to be skillful on seasonal-annual time scales, particularly in tropical oceans. The forecast skill of the MHWs over the tropical Pacific Ocean(TPO) remains high at lead times of 1–24 months, indicating a forecast better than random chance for up to two years. The forecast skill is subject to the spring predictability barrier of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). The forecast skills for the MHWs over the tropical indian Ocean(TIO), tropical Atlantic Ocean(TAO), and tropical Northwest Pacific(NWP) are lower than that in the TPO. A reliable forecast at lead times of up to two years is shown over the TIO, while a shorter reliable forecast window(less than 17 months) occurs for the TAO and ***, the forecast skills for the TIO, TAO, and NWP are seasonally dependent. Higher skills for the TIO and TAO appear in boreal spring, while a greater skill for the NWP emerges in late summer-early autumn. Further analyses suggest that ENSO serves as a critical source of predictability for MHWs over the TIO and TAO in spring and MHWs over the NWP in summer.

关键词： marine heatwaves NUIST-CFS1.0 hindcasts forecast skill predictability source ENSO

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ResoNet:Robust and Explainable ENSO Forecasts with Hybrid Convolution and Transformer Networks

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1289-1298页

作者： Pumeng LYU Tao TANG Fenghua LING Jing-Jia LUO Niklas BOERS Wanli OUYANG Lei BAI Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai 200072China Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory Hangzhou 310002China institute for Climate and Application Research(icar) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Technical University of Munich Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam 14473Germany

Recent studies have shown that deep learning(DL)models can skillfully forecast El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)events more than 1.5 years in ***,concerns regarding the reliability of predictions made by DL methods persist,including potential overfitting issues and lack of ***,we propose ResoNet,a DL model that combines CNN(convolutional neural network)and transformer *** hybrid architecture enables our model to adequately capture local sea surface temperature anomalies as well as long-range inter-basin interactions across *** show that ResoNet can robustly predict ENSO at lead times of 19 months,thus outperforming existing approaches in terms of the forecast *** to an explainability method applied to ResoNet predictions of El Niño and La Niña from 1-to 18-month leads,we find that it predicts the Niño-3.4 index based on multiple physically reasonable mechanisms,such as the recharge oscillator concept,seasonal footprint mechanism,and indian Ocean capacitor ***,we demonstrate for the first time that the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña development can be captured by *** results could help to alleviate skepticism about applying DL models for ENSO prediction and encourage more attempts to discover and predict climate phenomena using AI methods.

关键词： deep learning ENSO CNN transformer

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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey Sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid Maryam Razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agriculture Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agricultural Botany Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia icar-indian institute of seed science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Natural sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia icar-indian institute of Wheat and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Center for seed science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Platform/Accelerated Breeding Initiative International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein *** share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)*** their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced *** wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice ***–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both ***–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparative genomics Orthologs Genes Synteny Genetic engineering Molecular breeding

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Effect of Moringa oleifera on semen quality profiles in endangered Teressa goat under tropical humid island ecosystem

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第2期13卷 89-96页

作者： P.Perumal Jai Sunder A.K.De A.K.Nahak D.K.Chaurasia T.C.Balamurugan D.Bhattacharya icar-Central Island Agricultural Research institute Port Blair-744105Andaman and Nicobar IslandsIndia OUAT-College of Veterinary science and Animal Husbandry Bhubaneswar-751003OdishaIndia TANUVAS-Veterinary College and Research institute Salem-636112Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on semen quality parameters in Teressa goat ***:A total of 25 semen samples from six bucks were selected for the *** of 150×10^(6) were incubated in 0,300,500 and 700μg of leaf extract as groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,*** stored semen samples were analysed for motility,viability,total sperm abnormalities,plasma membrane,acrosomal and nuclear integrities,seminal plasma intracellular enzymes[aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)]and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)and spermatozoa malondialdehyde(MDA)and cholesterol efflux in comparison with the control group(groupⅠ)for up to 72 ***:Moringa oleifera leaf extract(500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)-treated semen had significantly higher motility,viability,plasma membrane,acrosomal and nuclear integrities,and TAC(P<0.05),and had significantly lower total sperm abnormalities,AST,ALT,LDH,MDA production and cholesterol efflux compared to those in other Moringa oleifera leaf extract treated(300 or 700μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)and control groups at different hours of liquid storage(P<0.05).Semen quality parameters and TAC showed an increasing trend and total sperm abnormalities,MDA production,leakage of intra-cellular enzymes and cholesterol efflux showed a decreasing trend from group Ⅰto group Ⅲand then an opposite trend from group Ⅲ to group Ⅳ at different hours of liquid ***:Moringa oleifera leaf extract 500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa can be used for liquid semen preservation in Teressa goat at Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

关键词： Moringa oleifera Semen Teressa goat Andaman and Nicobar Islands

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Trace fossil evidences of an Early Miocene paleoseismic event and depositional regime change from the Kutch(Kachchh) Basin

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 165-180页

作者： Ayush Srivastava Sudipta Dasgupta Krishanu Chatterjee Mohuli Das Bombay Ichnos Research Group Department of Earth SciencesIndian Institute of Technology Bombay(lIT Bombay)PowaiMumbaiMaharashtra400076India

Unconsolidated siliciclastic sediments can undergo post-burial deformation, which leads to the formation of distinctive sedimentary structures, known as soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS). The presence of a series of sand volcanoes confined to a particular lithostratigraphic horizon can represent a paleoseismic activity and, thereby, exemplifies the concept of “seismite”. The Kutch Basin has been a tectonically active region since the initiation of eastern Gondwana rifting followed by a tectonic inversion during the Cenozoic due to the collision of the indian and Eurasian plates. A stratum-bound series of sand volcanoes belonging to the Khari Nadi Formation(KNF) is exposed along the banks of Khari River. They separate the shallow marine deposits below and non-marine deposits above with their characteristic marine and paleosol trace fossil suites, respectively. Although a seismogenic origin has been much debated for the SSDS,the ichnofabric analysis of the sand-volcano-bearing stratum unequivocally points toward such an origin under a shallow seafloor condition. In addition to the sedimentary regime change from an open shallow-marine setting to a continental depositional environment concomitant with basinal uplift, the behavior of the burrowing crustaceans testifies to a syn-depositional development of a fault network associated with the fluidization, sand volcanism, and the resilience of the trace-producers in surviving those processes until the sedimentary regime change in the overlying strata. Although the ichno-sedimentological evidence apparently differs from the previous works that proposed a continuous base-level rise from the beginning of deposition of the Khari Nadi Formation up to the middle part of the overlying Chhasra Formation, the paleoseismic activity,its ichnologic signature, and the depositional regime change refer to a higher-resolution(i.e., lower-order)sequence-stratigraphic change causing a short-duration regression within a longer-durat

关键词： Sand volcano Seismite Ichnology Khari Nadi Formation Kutch Basin Kachchh Basin

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Fertilization and Soil Ploughing Practices under Changing Physical Environment Lead to Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics under Conservation Agriculture in Rice-Wheat Cropping System: A Scoping Review

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Agricultural sciences 2024年第1期15卷 82-113页

作者： Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal Arvind Kumar Shukla Sanjib Kumar Behera Sarwan Kumar Dubey Agniva Mandal Mehakpreet Kaur Randhawa Sharanjit Kaur Brar Gagandeep Kaur Amardeep Singh Toor Sohan Singh Walia Priyadarshani Arun Khambalkar Department of Soil science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior India indian institute of Soil science (ISSS) Bhopal India indian Council of Agricultural Research—Central Soil Salinity Research institute (icar-CSSRI) Karnal India Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur India Department of Crop and Soil sciences Washington State University Pullman USA School of Organic Farming Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India Department of Soil science Rajmata Vijayaraje Sciendia Krishi Viswa Vidalaya Gwalior India

Ploughing and fertilization practices in rice-wheat system have deteriorated the soil carbon (C) pools. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management approaches have proven to enhance C sequestration and reverse the loss of soil-organic-carbon (SOC), which further enhances soil fertility. Different fractions of SOC pools react to the alterations in management practices and indicate changes in SOC dynamics as compared to total C in the soil. Higher SOC levels in soil have been observed in case of reduced/no-till (NT) practices than conventional tillage (CT). However, between CT and zero tillage/NT, total SOC stocks diminished with an increase in soil depth, which demonstrated that the benefits of SOC are more pronounced in the topsoil under NT. Soil aggregation provides physical protection to C associated with different-sized particles, thus, the improvement in soil aggregation through CA is an effective way to mitigate soil C loss. Along with less soil disturbance, residual management, suitable crop rotation, rational application of manures and fertilizers, and integrated nutrient management have been found to be effective in not only improving soil C stock but also enhancing the soil health and productivity. Thus, CA can be considered as a potential method in the build-up of SOC of soil in rice-wheat system.

关键词： Tillage Conservation Agriculture Soil Organic Carbon Carbon Fractions Rice-Wheat System Organic Amendments

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Integrating artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping for crop improvement

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1787-1802页

作者： Mansoor Sheikh Farooq Iqra Hamadani Ambreen Kumar A Pravin Manzoor Ikra Yong Suk Chung Phenomics Laboratory Department of Plant Resources and EnvironmentJeju National UniversityJeju 63234Republic of Korea Council of Scientific&Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative MedicinePulwamaJ&K 192301India Animal and Dairy science University of WisconsinMadisonWI 530706United States of America Division of Fruit science Faculty of HorticultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar 190025India

Crop improvement is crucial for addressing the global challenges of food security and sustainable *** advancements in high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)technologies and artificial intelligence(AI)have revolutionized the field,enabling rapid and accurate assessment of crop traits on a large *** integration of AI and machine learning algorithms with HTP data has unlocked new opportunities for crop *** algorithms can analyze and interpret large datasets,and extract meaningful patterns and correlations between phenotypic traits and genetic *** technologies have the potential to revolutionize plant breeding programs by providing breeders with efficient and accurate tools for trait selection,thereby reducing the time and cost required for variety ***,further research and collaboration are needed to overcome the existing challenges and fully unlock the power of HTP and AI in crop *** leveraging AI algorithms,researchers can efficiently analyze phenotypic data,uncover complex patterns,and establish predictive models that enable precise trait selection and crop *** aim of this review is to explore the transformative potential of integrating HTP and AI in crop *** review will encompass an in-depth analysis of recent advances and applications,highlighting the numerous benefits and challenges associated with HTP and AI.

关键词： artificial intelligence crop improvement data analysis high-throughput phenotyping machine learning precision agriculture trait selection

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Deep learning based computer vision approaches for smart agricultural applications

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 211-229页

作者： V.G.Dhanya A.Subeesh N.L.Kushwaha Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma T.Nagesh Kumar G.Ritika A.N.Singh icar-indian institute of seed science MauUttar Pradesh 275101India icar-Central institute of Agricultural Engineering BhopalMadhya Pradesh 462038India icar-indian Agricultural Research institute New Delhi 110012India Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology PantnagarUttarakhand 263145India icar-National institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology Kolkata 700040India

The agriculture industry is undergoing a rapid digital transformation and is growing powerful by the pillars of cutting-edge approaches like artificial intelligence and allied *** the core of artificial intelligence,deep learning-based computer vision enables various agriculture activities to be performed automatically with utmost precision enabling smart agriculture into *** vision techniques,in conjunction with high-quality image acquisition using remote cameras,enable non-contact and efficient technology-driven solutions in *** review contributes to providing state-of-the-art computer vision technologies based on deep learning that can assist farmers in operations starting from land preparation to *** works in the area of computer vision were analyzed in this paper and categorized into(a)seed quality analysis,(b)soil analysis,(c)irrigation water management,(d)plant health analysis,(e)weed management(f)livestock management and(g)yield *** paper also discusses recent trends in computer vision such as generative adversarial networks(GAN),vision transformers(ViT)and other popular deep learning ***,this study pinpoints the challenges in implementing the solutions in the farmer’s field in *** overall finding indicates that convolutional neural networks are the corner stone of modern computer vision approaches and their various architectures provide high-quality solutions across various agriculture activities in terms of precision and ***,the success of the computer vision approach lies in building the model on a quality dataset and providing real-time solutions.

关键词： Agriculture automation Computer vision Deep learning Machine learning Smart agriculture Vision transformers

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Genome-Wide Analysis of von Willebrand Factor A Gene Family in Rice for Its Role in Imparting Biotic Stress Resistance with Emphasis on Rice Blast Disease

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 375-384页

作者： Suhas Gorakh KARKUTE Vishesh KUMAR Mohd TASLEEM Dwijesh Chandra MISHRA Krishna Kumar CHATURVEDI Anil RAI Amitha Mithra SEVANTHI Kishor GAIKWAD Tilak Raj SHARMA Amolkumar U.SOLANKE indian Council of Agricultural Research(icar)-National institute for Plant Biotechnology New Delhi 110012India icar-indian Agricultural Statistics Research institute New Delhi 110012India icar-Division of Crop science New Delhi 110001India

von Willebrand factor A(vWA)genes are well characterized in humans except for few BONZAI genes,but the vWA genes are least explored in *** the novelty and vital role of vWA genes,this study aimed at characterization of vWA superfamily in *** genome was found to have 40 vWA genes distributed across all the 12 chromosomes,and 20 of the 40 vWA genes were unique while the remaining shared large fragment similarities with each other,indicating gene *** addition to vWA domain,vWA proteins possess other different motifs or domains,such as ubiquitin interacting motif in protein degradation pathway,and RING finger in protein-protein *** analysis of vWA genes in available expression data suggested that they probably function in biotic and abiotic stress responses including hormonal response and *** frequency of transposon elements in the entire 3K rice germplasm was negligible except for 9 vWA genes,indicating the importance of these genes in *** and functional diversities showed that the vWA genes in a blast-resistant rice variety Tetep had huge variations compared to blast-susceptible rice varieties HP2216 and ***-PCR analysis of vWA genes in Magnaporthe oryzae infected rice tissues indicated OsvWA9,OsvWA36,OsvWA37 and OsvWA18 as the optimal candidate genes for disease *** is the first attempt to characterize vWA gene family in plant species.

关键词： von Willebrand factor A biotic stress abiotic stress rice blast disease Magnaporthe oryzae

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