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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adaption

Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural research(icar)-National institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India icar-central institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India icar-National Rice research institute Cuttack 753006India icar-Directorate of Weed research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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Thermal stability improvement and microstructure optimization of high cobalt content Nd-Fe-B magnets via terbium grain boundary diffusion

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1531-1538,I0004页

作者： Jiyuan Xu Ruiyang Meng Jing Liu Jiateng Zhang Rui Han Yikun Fang Shengzhi Dong Wei Li Division of Functional Materials research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing100081China

The substitution of Fe by Co in the 2:14:1 phase is an effective method to increase the Curie temperature and enhance the thermal stability of the Nd-Fe-B ***,the accumulation of Co ele ment at the grain boundaries(GBs) changes the GBs from nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic and causes the thinlayer GBs to become rare,In this paper,the method of diffusing Tb element was chosen to improve the microstructure and temperature stability of high-Co *** original sintered Nd_(28.5)Dy_(3)-CO_(x)e_(bal)M_(0.6)B_(i)(x=0,6 wt%,12 wt%;M = Cu,Al,Zr) magnets with different Co contents were diffused with Tb by grain boundary diffusion(GBD).After GBD,high-Co magnets exhibit more continuously distributed thin-layer GBs,and their thermal stability is significantly *** high-Co magnets(x=6 wt%),the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of coercivity decreases from 0.603%/K to0.508%/K in the temperature range of 293-413 K,that of remanence decreases from 0.099%/K to 0.091%/K,and the coercivity increases from 18.44 to 25.04 *** electron microscopy(TEM)characterization reveals that there are both the 1:2 phase and the amorphous phase in the high-Co magnet before and after GBD,EDS elemental analysis shows that Tb element is more likely to preferentially replace the rare earth elements in the 2:14:1 main phase than in the 1:2 phase and the amorphous *** concentration of Tb at the edge of the main phase is much higher than that in the 1:2phase and amorphous phase,which is beneficial to the improvement of the *** preferential replacement of Tb elements at the edge of the 2:14:1 phase and thin-layer GBs with a more continuous distribution are synergistically responsible for improving the thermal stability of high-Co *** study indicates that GBD is an effective method to improve the microstructure and thermal stability of high-Co magnets.

关键词： Nd-Fe-B magnets Coercivity Grain boundary diffusion Thermal stability Micro structure Rare earths

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Pr-Tb synergistic strengthening on coercivity of Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnets grain boundary diffused with Pr-Tb-Al-Ga alloys

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1704-1709,I0003页

作者： Ruifang Song Hang Zhao Haibo Feng institute of Functional Materials Central Iron&Steel Research InstituteBeijing100081China

Sintered Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnets were grain boundary diffused(GBDed) with Pr_(x)Tb_(80-x)Al_(10)Ga_(10)(at%)(x=0,20,40,60,80) *** effect of Pr/Tb content in diffusion source on magnetic properties,microstructure and elements distribution of GBDed magnets was *** Pr is used to substitute for 75% Tb in diffusion source,Tb consumption per unit coercivity improvement of GBDed magnet reduces by 77%,compared with the Tb_(80)Al_(10)Ga_(10) diffused *** element diffuses into magnets and then forms Tb-rich shell with high magneto-crystalline anisotropy field surrounding main phase grains,resulting in substantial coercivity *** with low melting point diffuses deeply along liquid grain boundary phase during GBD *** can eliminate some sharp defects of main phase grains and make grain boundaries smooth,which provides diffusion channels for further diffusion of Tb ***,there are more diffusion channels for Tb and less Tb enriched at surface region,making Tb diffuse more deeply and improving Tb utilization *** method significantly improves the coercivity,and realizes the green,efficient and high-quality utilization of heavy rare earth(HRE)elements.

关键词： Grain boundary diffusion Rare earths Microstructure Synergistic strengthening

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Synergistic effect and heterointerface engineering of cobalt/carbon nanotubes enhancing electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of silicon carbide fibers

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Nano research 2024年第9期17卷 8479-8486页

作者： Zixiang Zhao Zheyipei Ma Zizhao Ding Yanqiong Liu Mingwei Zhang Chao Jiang institute of Powder Metallurgy research Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

To improve the synergistic effect between dielectric and magnetic loss is a practical and effective way in optimizing electromagnetic wave absorbing *** composites of metal particles and carbon ligands derived from metal organic frameworks have gained wide *** this study,Co particles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(CNT)were successfully synthesized covering the surface of silicon carbide(SiC)fibers,and the morphology,interfaces and electromagnetic wave absorption performance were *** sample SiC@Co/CNT,the minimum reflection loss value can reach-70.22 dB at 11.21 GHz with the thickness of 2.12 *** effective absorbing bandwidth can reach up to 6.03 GHz with the thickness of 1.71 mm,which covers the entire Ku *** brings more interfaces between Co particles and CNTs as well as SiC fibers and Co/C *** interfacial polarization has been hugely enhanced,and the microwave absorbing properties have been *** article reports on the impedance matching of magnetic and non-magnetic components and the heterointerface engineering,which can be effective strategy and inspiration to illustrate the relationship between components,structures and functions of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

关键词： metal organic frameworks Co nanocrystals carbon nanotubes Schottky heterointerfaces synergistic effect

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Damping capacity of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) magnetostrictive alloy under magnetic field

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 402-409页

作者： Shao-Wen Yan Xing Mu Bing-Jie Liu Li-Hong Xu Shi-Hai Guo Yan Qi Hong-Ping Zhang Department of Functional Material research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China

The damping performance of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) alloys has been investigated in the static magnetic field (H). The results demonstrate that the damping peak value can be adjusted between 0.020 and 0.085 under the magnetic f... 详细信息

关键词： alloy magnetic alloys

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Preheating-assisted solid-state friction stir repair of Al-Mg-Si alloy plate at different rotational speeds

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 725-736页

作者： Hui Wang Yidi Li Ming Zhang Wei Gong Ruilin Lai Yunping Li State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China research institute of Light Alloy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Additive friction stir deposition(AFSD)is a novel structural repair and manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in the past five *** this work,the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the Al-Mg-Si alloy plate repaired by the preheating-assisted AFSD process were *** evaluate the tool rotation speed and substrate preheating for repair quality,the AFSD technique was used to additively repair 5 mm depth blind holes on 6061 aluminum alloy *** results showed that preheat-assisted AFSD repair significantly improved joint bonding and joint strength compared to the control non-preheat substrate ***,increasing rotation speed was also beneficial to improve the metallurgical bonding of the interface and avoid volume *** preheating conditions,the UTS and elongation were positively correlated with rotation *** the process parameters of preheated substrate and tool rotation speed of 1000 r/min,defect-free specimens could be obtained accompanied by tensile fracture occurring in the substrate rather than the repaired *** UTS and elongation reached the maximum values of 164.2MPa and 13.4%,which are equivalent to 99.4%and 140%of the heated substrate,respectively.

关键词： additive friction stir deposition structural repair tool rotation speed Al alloy

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Weatherability and heat resistance enhanced by interaction between AG25 and Mg/AI-LDH

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2758-2768页

作者： Pei-Yao Yang Xiang-Cui Liu Yu-Chao Wang Huan-Ran Zheng Jin-Xian Wang Jia-Yi Zheng Meng-Jie Liu Dan-Ni Deng Yu Bai Ying-Bi Chen Tong Zhang Zhi-Ming Liu Yong-Peng Lei State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Powder Metallurgy Research InstituteCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China research institute of Chemical Defense Beijing 102205China

Although inorganic pigments in common spectral tuning materials show good weatherability and heat resistance,the limited color choices,weak coloring power,poor dispersibility,and a possibility of toxicity limit their *** the basis of organic pigments which possess a wide range of colors,high coloring power,good transparency,and high safety,herein,the modified pigment and biomimetic coating with improved weatherability,especially ultraviolet(UV)resistance(from 2 to 6 days),was achieved by intercalating acid green 25(AG25)pigment into Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides(Mg/Al-LDH).Furthermore,the heat resistance of AG25 was also significantly ***,the spectral stability of pigments after heat treatment is superior with almost unchanged spectral profile and green reflection *** formation of strong N-H bonds and the S-M(Mg,Al)bonds between Mg/Al-LDH laminates and AG25 molecules contributes to the *** work shows potential for biomimetic leaf materials in respect of reflective spectra stability.

关键词： Layered double hydroxide Biomimetic Acid green 25 Interaction Weatherability Heat resistance

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Optimizing temperature coefficient of Sm2Co17-type magnets through adjusting the isothermal aging process

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第11期42卷 2097-2104页

作者： Chao Wang Die Hu Qiangfeng Li Yikun Fang Meng Zheng Lei Wang Hongsheng Chen Lei Zhao Haizhou Wang Minggang Zhu Wei Li Division of Functional Materials research Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology institute Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization Central Iron and Steel Research Institute

The high-temperature magnetic perfo rmance and micro structure of Sm1-xGdx(CobalFe0.09Cu0.09Zr0.025)7.2（x=0.3,0.5） magnets were *** the isothermal aging time decreasing from 11 to 3 h,the temperature coefficient of intrinsic coercivity in the temperature range of 25-500℃,β25-500℃,was optimized from -0,167%/℃ to-0.112%/℃ for x=0.3 *** noticeable enhancement（～33%） of temperature stability is correlated with the increased content of 1:5H cell boundary phase and its relatively high Curie temperature as ***,for the x=0.5 magnet,it is found that the presence of Sm5Co19phases and wider nanotwin variants hinder the formation of 1:5H cell boundary *** insufficient 1:5H is not beneficial to the proper redistribution of Cu in cell boundary,making the x=0.5 magnet difficult to achieve higher temperature ***,the approach of adjusting the isothermal aging process can offer guidance for attaining superior magnetic performance in the temperature range from 25 to 500℃ for Gd-substituted Sm2Co17-type magnets.

关键词： Isothermal aging process Rare earths Sm2Co17-type magnets Temperature coefficient of intrinsic coercivity

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Anomalous response to creep deformation from dislocation density during electrically assisted creep aging

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5268-5283页

作者： Chang Zhou Li-Hua Zhan Chun-Hui Liu Ming-Hui Huang College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Light Alloys research institute State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service PerformanceCentral South University

Adding numerous dislocations into metallic materials before the forming stage significantly enhances their deformability. However, this beneficial effect of dislocation defects may not have a simple monotonic relationship with increased dislocation density during electroplastic deformation. This is due to the complex interactions among the drifting electrons, dislocations and solute atoms. This study explores the effect of diverse initial dislocation densities on creep deformation during electrically aided creep aging of an aluminum–lithium alloy. Surprisingly, we discovered a threshold value for the dislocation density that affects electroplastic creep, i.e., an enhanced effect from dislocations weakens when exceeding this density threshold(an anomalous response to creep). Microstructural data also reveal that such an anomalous response originates mainly from differences in various dislocation density-tailored configurations, which can influence the dislocation motions and precipitation kinetics of the strengthening T1precipitates under the same action of pulsed currents. This study provides important insights into the dislocation density-mediated electroplastic creep of an aluminum–lithium alloy.

关键词： Al–Cu–Li alloy Creep aging Dislocation density Pulsed currents

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A novel live attenuated vaccine candidate protects chickens against subtype B avian metapneumovirus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1658-1670页

作者： Lingzhai Meng Mengmeng Yu Suyan Wang Yuntong Chen Yuanling Bao Peng Liu Xiaoyan Feng Tana He Ru Guo Tao Zhang Mingxue Hu Changjun Liu Xiaole Qi Kai Li Li Gao Yanping Zhang Hongyu Cui Yulong Gao avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin150069China Avian ImmunosuppressiveDiseases DivisionStateKey LaboratoryforAnimal Disease Cont National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center Harbin 150069China

avian metapneumovirus(aMPV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses. Subtype B aMPV has recently become the dominant epidemic strain in China. We developed an attenuated aMPV subtype B strain by serial passaging in Vero cells and evaluated its safety and efficacy as a vaccine candidate. The safety test showed that after the 30th passage, the LN16-A strain was fully attenuated, as clinical signs of infection and histological lesions were absent after *** LN16-A strain did not revert to a virulent strain after five serial passages in chickens. The genomic sequence of LN16-A differed from that of the parent wild-type LN16(wtLN16) strain and had nine amino acid mutations. In chickens, a single immunization with LN16-A induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including the abundant production of neutralizing antibodies, CD4^(+) T lymphocytes, and the Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4 and IL-6)cytokines. We also confirmed that LN16-A provided 100% protection against subtype B aMPV and significantly reduced viral shedding and turbinate inflammation. Our findings suggest that the LN16-A strain is a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate that can prevent infection with subtype B aMPV.

关键词： avian metapneumovirus attenuated protection vaccine candidate chickens

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