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Leptin and its actions on reproduction in males

Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第3期21卷 296-299页

作者： ifrah Alam Malik Damayanthi Durairajanayagam Harbindar Jeet Singh Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus Sg Buloh 47000 Selangor Malaysia i-pperform Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus Sg Buloh 47000 Selangor Malaysia

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, serves numerous physiological functions in the body, particularly during puberty and reproduction. The exact mechanism by which leptin activates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to trigger puberty and reproduction remains unclear. Given the widespread distribution of leptin receptors in the body, both central and peripheral mechanisms involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis have been hypothesized. Leptin is necessary for normal reproductive function, but when present in excess, it can have detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Human and animal studies point to leptin as a link between infertility and obesity, a suggestion that is corroborated by findings of low sperm count, increased sperm abnormalities, oxidative stress, and increased leptin levels in obese men. in addition, daily leptin administration to normal-weight rats has been shown to result in similar abnormalities in sperm parameters. The major pathways causing these abnormalities remain unidentified;however, these adverse effects have been attributed to leptin-induced increased oxidative stress because they are prevented by concurrently administering melatonin. Studies on leptin and its impact on sperm function are highly relevant in understanding and managing male infertility, particularly in overweight and obese men.

关键词： leptin male infertility obesity spermatozoa sperm DNA fragmentation

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Septicemic Melioidosis:A Forensic Autopsy Case Report

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第4期4卷 229-232页

作者： Atif Shamsudin Heo Chong Chin Ahmad Hafizam Hasmi Hapizah Mohd Nawawi department of Forensic Medicine National Institute of Forensic MedicineHospital Kuala LumpurMinistry of Health MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of MedicineSelangorMalaysia institute of Pathology Laboratory and Forensic Medicine(1-PPerForM)Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Teknologi MARASelangorMalaysia

We report a 27-year-old male from Kuwait who died due to melioidosis,and the diagnosis was achieved after the deceased underwent postmortem examination at the Forensic Department,Kuala Lumpur *** the disease is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia,human melioidosis infection has yet been reported in *** was initially diagnosed as acute gastroenteritis at a private clinic before being found dead at a hotel in Kuala *** autopsy revealed positive findings of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the deceased brain,lung,liver,and spleen as well as in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid *** deceased^death highlights the importance of early accurate diagnosis,the common manifestations,and the need of effective antibiotic treatment of septicemic melioidosis in high prevalent areas.

关键词： Autopsy Burkholderiapseudomallei melioidosis postmortem septicemic

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iVlelatonin ameliorates the adverse effects of leptin on sperm

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第6期19卷 647-654页

作者： Fayez A Almabhouh Khairul Osman Siti Fatimah ibrahim Sergey Gupalo Justin Gnanou Effendi ibrahim Harbindar Jeet Singh Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg Buloh Campus 47000 Sg Buloh Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Raja Muda Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health National Defence University of Malaysia Kem Sungai Besi 57000 Selangor Malaysia iMMB Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg Buloh Campus 47000 Sg Buloh Selangor Malaysia pperform Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg Buloh Campus Selangor Malaysia.

This study examined the effects of melatonin on leptin-induced changes in sperm parameters in adult rats. Five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either leptin or leptin and melatonin or melatonin for 6 weeks. Leptin was given daily via the intraperitoneal route （60 μg kg-1 body weight） and melatonin was given in drinking water （10 mg kg-1 or 20 mg kg-1 body weight per day）. Upon completion, sperm count, sperm morphology, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, Comet assay, TUNEL assay, gene expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes, respiratory chain reaction enzymes, DNA damage, and apoptosis genes were estimated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Sperm count was significantly lower whereas the fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology, the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and sperm DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in rats treated with leptin only. Micmarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor, histone acetyl transferase, respiratory chain reaction enzyme, cell necrosis and DNA repair genes, and downregulation of antioxidant enzyme genes in leptin-treated rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed significant decreases in glutathione peroxidase 1 expression with increases in the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor and histone acetyl transferase in leptin-treated rats. There was no change in the gene expression of caspase-3 （CASP-3）. in conclusion, the adverse effects of leptin on sperm can be prevented by concurrent melatonin administration.

关键词： 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA fragmentation leptin melatonin sperm

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