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Ionization Engineering of Hydrogels Enables Highly Efficient Salt‑Impeded Solar Evaporation and Night‑Time Electricity Harvesting

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 131-146页

作者： Nan He Haonan Wang Haotian Zhang Bo Jiang Dawei Tang Lin Li School of energy and Power Engineering Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of EducationDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China

Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy ***,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar ***,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread ***,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in *** sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar *** hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported *** notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous ***,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.

关键词： Solar evaporation Hydrogel evaporators Salt impeding Ionization engineering Cyclic vapor-electricity generation

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Tribological Behaviors of Electroless Nickel-Boron Coating on Titanium Alloy Surface

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期37卷 309-320页

作者： Yao Jia Jianping Lai Jiaxin Yu Huimin Qi Yafeng Zhang Hongtu He Key laboratory of Testing technology for Manufacturing Process in Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China

Titanium alloys are excellent structural materials in engineering fields,but their poor tribological properties limit their further *** plating is an effective method to enhance the tribological performance of alloys,but it is difficult to efficiently apply to titanium alloys,due to titanium alloy’s strong chemical *** this work,the electroless Nickel-Boron(Ni-B)coating was successfully deposited on the surface of titanium alloy(Ti-6AL-4V)via a new pre-treatment ***,linearly reciprocating sliding wear tests were performed to evaluate the tribological behaviors of titanium alloy and its electroless Ni-B *** was found that the Ni-B coatings can decrease the wear rate of the titanium alloy from 19.89×10^(−3)mm^(3)to 0.41×10^(−3)mm^(3),which attributes to the much higher hardness of Ni-B *** heat treatment,the hardness of Ni-B coating further increases corresponding to coating crystallization and hard phase ***,heat treatment does not improve the tribological performance of Ni-B coating,due to the fact that higher brittleness and more severe oxidative wear exacerbate the damage of heat-treated ***,the Ni-B coatings heat-treated both in air and nitrogen almost present the same tribological *** finding of this work on electroless coating would further extend the practical applications of titanium alloys in the engineering fields.

关键词： Electroless coating Titanium alloy Tribology Wear Heat treatment Nanoindentation

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Multilevel carbon architecture of subnanoscopic silicon for fast‐charging high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries

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Carbon energy 2024年第4期6卷 256-268页

作者： Meisheng Han Yongbiao Mu Lei Wei Lin Zeng Tianshou Zhao Shenzhen Key laboratory of Advanced energy Storage Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina SUSTech energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Department of Mechanical and energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina

Silicon(Si)is widely used as a lithium‐ion‐battery anode owing to its high capacity and abundant crustal ***,large volume change upon cycling and poor conductivity of Si cause rapid capacity decay and poor fast‐charging capability limiting its commercial ***,we propose a multilevel carbon architecture with vertical graphene sheets(VGSs)grown on surfaces of subnanoscopically and homogeneously dispersed Si–C composite nanospheres,which are subsequently embedded into a carbon matrix(C/VGSs@Si–C).Subnanoscopic C in the Si–C nanospheres,VGSs,and carbon matrix form a three‐dimensional conductive and robust network,which significantly improves the conductivity and suppresses the volume expansion of Si,thereby boosting charge transport and improving electrode *** VGSs with vast exposed edges considerably increase the contact area with the carbon matrix and supply directional transport channels through the entire material,which boosts charge *** carbon matrix encapsulates VGSs@Si–C to decrease the specific surface area and increase tap density,thus yielding high first Coulombic efficiency and electrode compaction ***,C/VGSs@Si–C delivers excellent Li‐ion storage performances under industrial electrode *** particular,the full cells show high energy densities of 603.5 Wh kg^(−1)and 1685.5 Wh L^(−1)at 0.1 C and maintain 80.7%of the energy density at 3 C.

关键词： fast charging high energy densities lithium‐ion batteries multilevel carbon architecture subnanoscopic silicon anode

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An improved laser flash method for thermal conductivity measurement of molten salts

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第2期34卷 345-353页

作者： Shiyan Dong Mingzhen Zhang Kaiyuan Jin Ronggui Yang State Key laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Thermal conductivity measurement of high-temperature heat transfer fluids provides a crucial basis for designing utility-scale thermal systems. Molten salts are promising heat transfer and thermal storage fluids in hightemperature thermal energy storage systems, while the molten salt thermal conductivity obtained in existing studies exhibits large deviations due to the high experimental complexity and unstandardized test procedures. In this work, we improve the conventional laser flash analysis method by proposing a theoretical heat transfer model for multi-layer heat conduction and providing a near-optimal molten salt container design. With water as a test sample, the relative error of thermal conductivity measurement using the improved method is 6.3%. The thermal conductivity of Solar Salt from 250 to 400°C, and of Hitec Salt from 160 to 250°C are measured and compared with the previous work. Both results show that the thermal conductivity increases with the temperature *** work will promote the technology standardization for accurately acquiring the thermal conductivity of molten salts or other similar high-temperature heat transfer fluids.

关键词： Laser flash analysis Molten salt Multi-layer heat conduction Thermal conductivity Thermal energy storage

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Numerical Analysis of Phase Change and Container Materials for Thermal energy Storage in the Storage Tank of Solar Water Heating System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 408-421页

作者： SINGH Shailendra ANAND Abhishek SHUKLA Amritanshu SHARMA Atul Non-Conventional energy laboratory Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyJais Amethi229304India

This study evaluates the effectiveness of phase change materials(PCMs) inside a storage tank of warm water for solar water heating(SWH) system through the theoretical simulation based on the experimental model of *** et *** model is explained by five fundamental equations for the calculation of various parameters like the effectiveness of PCMs,the mass of hot water,total heat content,and duration of *** study simulated eleven PCMs to analyze their effectiveness like Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate(SHPD),OM 37,N-Eicosane(NE),Lauric acid(LA),Paraffin wax(PW),OM 48,Paraffin wax C_(20-33)(PW-C20-33),Sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT),Palmitic acid(PA),Myristic acid(MA),and Stearic acid(SA).Among all PCMs,the SHPD has found the highest value of effectiveness factor of ***,it is the most recommended PCM for the storage tank of the SWH *** study also includes the melt fraction analysis of all enumerated PCMs corresponding to container materials of stainless steel,glass,aluminum mixed,tin,aluminum,and *** melt fraction analysis is performed by making a coding program in the FORTRAN programming *** the analysis,copper container material is found to have high melting rate for all PCMs so it is superior to other container materials.

关键词： theoretical model solar water heating system phase change material effectiveness factor melt fraction

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Ionic liquid-assisted preparation of hydroxyapatite and its catalytic performance for decarboxylation of itaconic acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 9-15页

作者： Shutong Pang Hualiang An Xinqiang Zhao Yanji Wang Hebei Provincial Key laboratory of Green Chemical technology and Efficient energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process SafetySchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

The synthesis of methacrylic acid from biomass-derived itaconic acid is a green route,for it can get rid of the dependence on fossil *** order to solve the problems on this route such as use of a preciousmetal catalyst and a corrosive homogeneous alkali,we prepared a series of hydroxyapatite catalysts by an ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal method and evaluated their catalytic *** results showed that the ionic liquid[Bmim]BF_(4) can affect the crystal growth of hydroxyapatite,provide fluoride ion for fluorination of hydroxyapatite,and adjust the surface acidity and basicity,morphology,textural properties,crystallinity,and composition of ***[Bmim]BF4 dosage and hydrothermal temperature can affect the fluoride ion concentration in the hydrothermal system,thus changing the degree of fluoridation of *** fluoride-ion concentration can lead to the formation of CaF_(2) and thus significantly decrease the catalytic performance of *** hydrothermal time mainly affects the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals on the c axis,leading to different catalytic *** suitable conditions for the preparation of this fluoridized hydroxyapatite are as follows:a mass ratio of[Bmim]BF4 to calcium salt=0.2:1,a hydrothermal time of 12 h,and a hydrothermal temperature of 130℃.A maximal methacrylic acid yield of 54.7%was obtained using the fluoridized hydroxyapatite under relatively mild reaction conditions(250℃ and 2 MPa of N_(2))in the absence of a precious-metal catalyst and a corrosive homogeneous alkali.

关键词： Ionic liquid Hydroxyapatite Itaconic acid Methacrylic Decarboxylation reaction

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Nanodiamond:a promising metal-free nanoscale material in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3501-3552页

作者： Xiao-Wu Gao Zi-Wei Zhao Yang He Sai-Fei Fan Ke-Ran Jiao Si-Yu Lou Xin-Yue Han Peng-Fei Song Rong Cai Zhun Hu Zhong-Jie Jiang Yong-Jie Wang Jia-Qi Zhu Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems School of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology National Key laboratory of Science and technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology School of Advanced technology Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Biosciences Rice University Institute of Industrial Catalysis School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong University Guangzhou Key laboratory for Surface Chemistry of energy Materials New Energy Research Institute & Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Surface Chemistry of Energy MaterialsCollege of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology

Benefiting from its surface-rich functional groups,eco-friendliness,impressive electrochemical properties,excellent light absorption,structural tunability at the atomic/morphological level,and ultra-high stability under harsh conditions,nanodiamond has emerged as a promising carbon-based non-metallic material in the field of energy conversion such as electrocatalysis and ***,nanodiamond,as a new generation of green catalysts,can overcome the poisoning of catalysts by complex pollutants in advanced oxidation processes,thus effectively removing organic matter from water,which is unparalleled in reducing the cost of water purification and avoiding secondary cross-contamination of water by traditional heavy metal-based ***,we review the research and development of nanodiamonds as major electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for energy conversion and for air/water treatment for environmental *** relevant properties,trimming strategy,mechanistic understanding,and design principles of nanodiamond as a catalyst are described,as well as the challenges and prospects of this emerging field.

关键词： Carbon materials Nanodiamond Electrocatalysis Photocatalysis energy conversion Pollutant treatment

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Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Frictional Resistance of Two Types of Molten Salts in Straight Channels and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Airfoil Channels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1443-1457页

作者： WANG Yanquan LU Yuanwei GAO Qi LI Feng MA Yancheng WANG Yuanyuan WU Yuting MOE Key laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and energy Conservation Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy ConversionBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Molten salt and supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2))are considered to be one of the most promising combined heat transfer refrigerants for third-generation solar thermal power *** evaluate the potential of chloride salts and carbonates in third-generation solar thermal power generation,this paper uses molten salts and sCO_(2)as the working media of printed circuit board heat exchangers(PCHE),and uses numerical simulation to study the heat transfer and friction of PCHE channels with different molten salts and sCO_(2),and establishes predictive correlations respectively.A local heat transfer and friction study was conducted on the sCO_(2)side of the airfoil channel,and it was found that the inlet mass flow rate has a significant impact on it,while the inlet temperature has a relatively small impact.A comprehensive comparison was made between the heat transfer and friction of two molten salts,and the comprehensive performance of chloride salts was 70%-80%higher than that of *** results indicate that the potential of chloride salts in third-generation solar thermal power generation is much greater than that of carbonates.

关键词： third generation solar thermal power generation sCO_(2) PCHE molten salt

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Structural Optimization of the Inlet Header of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Printed Circuit Board Heat Exchanger

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1458-1467页

作者： WANG Yanquan LU Yuanwei WANG Yuanyuan HAN Xinlong WU Yuting GAO Qi MOE Key laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and energy Conservation Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy ConversionBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Supercritical carbon dioxide printed circuit board heat exchangers are expected to be applied in third-generation solar thermal power ***,the uniformity of supercritical carbon dioxide entering the heat exchanger has a significant impact on the overall performance of the heat *** order to improve the uniformity of flow distribution in the inlet header,this article studies and optimizes the inlet header of a printed circuit board heat exchanger through numerical *** results indicate that when supercritical carbon dioxide flows through the header cavity,eddy currents will be generated,which will increase the uneven distribution of flow rate,while reducing the generation of eddy currents will improve the uniform distribution of flow *** the dimensionless factor of the inlet header is 6,the hyperbolic configuration is the optimal *** also reduced the eddy current region by adding transition segments,and the results showed that the structure was the best when the dilation angle was 10°,which reduced the non-uniformity by 21%compared to the hyperbolic configuration,providing guidance for engineering practice.

关键词： third-generation solar thermal power generation inlet header PCHE numerical simulation

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Numerical Analysis on Charging Performance of the Macro-Encapsulating Combined Sensible-Latent Heat Storage System with Structural Parameters

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1026-1036页

作者： WANG Wei PAN Zhenfei WANG Jingfu WU Yuting MA Chongfang Key laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and energy Conservation Ministry of EducationCollege of Energy and Power EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Key laboratory of Heat Transfer and energy Conversion Beijing MunicipalityCollege of Energy and Power EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

For combined sensible-latent heat storage system(CSLHS)(termed as the hybrid configuration),macro encapsulation can effectively solve the leakage problem of ***,due to the poor thermal conductivity of PCMs,the charging performance of the hybrid configuration slightly increases compared to the solid structure(with only sensible materials).Meanwhile,the natural convection in the PCMs zone could improve the charging ***,how to improve natural convection intensity is a key issue for the CSLHS by macro *** is found that adding fins can significantly enhance natural convection and accelerate the melting of *** this paper,we proposed the hybrid configuration with fins built-in by macro encapsulation,and analyzed its charging performance with different fin structural parameters in the PCM zone by CFD *** the case,the sensible heat storage material is high-temperature concrete and the PCM is a low-melting-point mixed molten *** analyzed the effects of fin number,fin length and fin thickness on the charging performance of the hybrid configuration *** the result,the charging performance increases with the fin number,but the increase rate gradually *** the fin number is 6,the charging performance increases by 20.18%compared to the situation without *** charging performance increases gradually with the fin *** with the hybrid configuration without fin,for each 10 mm increase in fin length,its charging performances increase by 4.09%,5.26%,7.02%,8.77%,11.70%,and 15.79%,*** from number and length of fins,the effect of thickness on the charging performance is very *** the fin thickness increased from 1 mm to 4 mm,the charging performance only increased by 2.3%.It indicates that the main reason for the improving the charging performance is to increase the natural convection intensity by dividing the PCM zone through *** results show that the charging performance

关键词： macro-encapsulation hybrid configuration natural convection structural parameter charging performance

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