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Pro-resolving lipid mediator reduces amyloid-β42–induced gene expression in human monocyte–derived microglia

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 873-886页

作者： Ying Wang Xiang Zhang Henrik Biverstål Nicolas GBazan Shuai Tan Nailin Li Makiko Ohshima Marianne Schultzberg Xiaofei Li Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences&SocietyDivision of NeurogeriatricsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden Neuroscience Center of Excellence Louisiana State UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Medicine SolnaClinical Pharmacology GroupKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β maresin microglia monocyte neuroinflammation resolution RNA-sequencing specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator

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The role of dietary nitrate supplementation in neurovascular function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1419-1420页

作者： Masahiro Horiuchi Gabriella M.K.Rossetti Samuel J.Oliver division of human Environmental Science Mount Fuji Research InstituteYamanashiJapan School of Sport Health and Exercise SciencesCollege of Human SciencesBangor UniversityBangorUK

A healthy diet combined with increased physical activity levels may protect against cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairments(Gorelick et al., 2011).Compared with the number of studies on the effects of physical activity, studies on how diet affects cerebral blood flow(CBF) regulation and cognitive function are relatively ***, we focus on the potential role of dietary nitrate supplementation in CBF regulation and cognitive function under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

关键词： al. nitrate conditions.

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Role of mitochondrial quality control in exercise-induced health adaptation

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中国应用生理学杂志 2013年第6期29卷 543-553页

作者： Hu DING Zi-yi ZHANG Jing-wen ZHANG Yong ZHANG Mitochondrial physiology Group Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine Department of Health and Exercise Science Tianjin University of Sport

Long-term endurance training or physical activity has been confirmed not only to improve physical performance, but to bring about an obvious beneficial effect on human health; however, the mechanism of this effect is not clear. The most studied health adaptations in skeletal muscle response to endurance exercise are increased muscle glycogen level and insulin sensitivity, fiber type transformation toward oxidative myofibers, and increased mitochondrial content/function. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in eukaryotic cells critical in physical performance and disease occurrence. The mitochondrial life cycle spans biogenesis, maintenance, and clearance. exercise training may promote each of these processes and confer positive impacts on skeletal muscle contractile and metabolic functions. This review focused on the regulation of these processes by endurance exercise and discussed its potential benefits in health and disease. We presented evidence suggesting that exercise training potentiates not only the biogenesis of mitochondria but also the removal of old and unhealthy mitochondria through mitochondrial quality control.

关键词：人体健康质量控制线粒体运动性耐力训练胰岛素敏感性物理性能疾病发生

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Anthropometrics,flexibility and training history as determinants for bicycle configuration

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第2期3卷 93-100页

作者： Wendy Holliday Jeroen Swart Department of human Biology Division of Exercise Science and Sports MedicineUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa

Intrinsic factors such as leg length,arm length,flexibility and training history are factors that may be relevant to the optimisation of the individual bicycle configuration *** fitting methods do not always take all these variables into account,and as yet there have been limited studies examining how these variables can affect the cyclist's position on the *** main aims of this study were to establish how individual anthropometrics,training history and flexibility may influence cyclists'freely chosen bicycle configuration,and to determine the full-body static flexion angles chosen by cyclists on the *** well-trained male cyclists were recruited for the study.A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to predict the four main configurations of a bicycle(saddle height,saddle setback,handlebar reach and handlebar drop)based on individual anthropometrics,flexibility and training *** joint kinematic ranges for the knee(36°±7°)and elbow(19°±8°)joint supported previous ***(77°±5°)and shoulder(112°±7°)joint angles should be determined as true clinical *** leg length(p<0.01),Knee Extension Angle test(p<0.01)and mSchober test(p=0.04)were significant predictors for determining saddle *** flexibility can be used to predict handlebar drop(p=0.01).A cyclist who wishes to adopt a more aerodynamic position with an increased handlebar drop should aim to improve their hamstring flexibility.

关键词： Cycling Flexibility Intrinsic factors Bicycle configuration

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Role of visfatin in obesity-induced insulin resistance

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第30期10卷 10840-10851页

作者： Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla physiology Department Human Biology DivisionSchool of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Bukit JalilMalaysia

The growing worldwide burden of insulin resistance(IR) emphasizes the importance of early identification for improved ***,particularly visceral obesity,has been a key contributing factor in the development of *** obesity-associated chronic inflammatory state contributes to the development of obesity-related comorbidities,including ***,which are released by adipose tissue,have been investigated as possible indicators of *** was one of the adipocytokines that attracted attention due to its insulinmimetic *** is released from a variety of sources,including visceral fat and macrophages,and it influences glucose metabolism and increases *** relationship between visfatin and IR in obesity is *** a result,the purpose of this review was to better understand the role of visfatin in glucose homeostasis and to review the literature on the association between visfatin levels and IR,cardiovascular diseases,and renal diseases in obesity.

关键词： Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance Insulin resistance Obesity Visfatin pre-B cell colony enhancing factor Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase enzyme Diabetes Adipocytokines

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Monitoring Competition Jump Load in division I Female Collegiate Volleyball Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2022年第3期4卷 221-230页

作者： Chad H.Herring David H.Fukuda physiology of Work and exercise Response(POWER)Laboratory Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoUSA division of Kinesiology School of Kinesiology and Physical TherapyUniversity of Central Florida12494 University BoulevardOrlandoFL 32816USA

Aim Tracking competition jump data provides a practical approach for assessing external load in *** The purpose of this study was to analyze competition jump load in collegiate volleyball *** Data from nine National Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA)division I female volleyball players from the 2018 and 2019 competitive seasons were *** were individually assigned,time-stamped,and recorded for *** count and rate overall and at low,moderate,high,and maximal intensities were ***-way ANOVAs were used to assess the variance in mean jump height from all jumps(HT_(all))and top five jump heights from each match(HTtop5)across positions(middle blocker *** hitter ***-side hitter),timepoint in season(early ***),match length(3-vs.4-vs.5-set match),and Friday/Sunday matches and two-way ANOVAs were used to analyze jump count and rate differences across *** Significant differences in HTall and HTtop5 across positions(P0.05),HTall,HTtop5,or jump rate by match length(P>0.05),or HTall,HTtop5,jump count,or jump rate between Friday/Sunday matches(P>0.05).Conclusion Significant differences in competition jump height and load exist in NCAA division I female volleyball *** load alterations during training sessions may be warranted to maximize athlete readiness and performance.

关键词： Injury prevention Measurement Overtraining Performance Team sport

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Myoelectric Activity of Selected Trunk Muscles Following the Use of Various Insole Wedges During Running

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2023年第4期5卷 378-384页

作者： Hossein Shirvani Alireza Shamsoddini exercise physiology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Purpose Insoles with various wedges have effects on the biomechanical aspects of human *** aim of the present study was to investigate the immediate effects of 9 insoles while running on the myoelectric activity of selected trunk *** conditions were no wedge,posterior,anterior,medial,lateral,posterior-medial,posterior-lateral,anterior-medial,and *** included were rectus abdominis,external oblique,internal oblique,latissimus dorsi,thoracic erector spinae,lumbar erector spinae,multifidus,and quadratus lumborum during *** Twenty-five(n=25)able-bodied males participated in this quasi-experimental *** measures analysis of variance test was used to compare dependent variables among various insole *** Significant differences(P=0.001)in normalized mean amplitude index between the following wedge conditions were measured while running:posterior-lateral/medial(5.67±1.01 vs.4.73±1.09)and posterior-lateral/anterior-medial(5.67±1.01 vs.4.52±1.20)for the internal oblique muscle along with posterior-lateral/anterior(11.44±2.42 vs.9.26±2.35)for the lumbar erector spinae ***,normalized peak amplitude index differences in the medial/anterior-lateral(9.79±3.3321 vs.12.03±3.16)and lateral/anterior-medial(11.6±2.56 vs.9.25±2.38)for the internal oblique muscle and posterior-lateral/anterior-medial(9.58±2.26 vs.8.78±2.15)for the quadratus lumborum muscle were *** con-trast,no significant difference was observed for the median frequency index among various insole wedges during running(P>0.0014).Conclusion Decreased activity in the medial wedged conditions may have important negative consequences for the spine,pelvis,and dynamic *** results provide insights into the effect of various orthotic designs on the EMG activity of central core *** activation in an anterior-lateral wedge and lower activation in a medial wedge for core muscles can have clinical relevance,where there is a ne

关键词： Insole Wedge Electromyography Trunk muscles Running

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Role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1058-1068页

作者： Martina Locatelli Cinthia Farina Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly Vita-Salute San Raffaele University MilanItaly

Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous *** copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple *** review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper ***,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.

关键词： astrocytes central nervous system copper cuprizone multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegenerative disorders

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Day to Day Consistency and Inter-subject Variability of Neuromuscular Responses and Performance Fatigability as the Result of Maximal,Bilateral,Dynamic Leg Extensions

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2021年第2期3卷 195-204页

作者： Joshua L.Keller Terry J.Housh John Paul V.Anders Cory M.Smith Ethan C.Hill Richard J.Schmidt Glen O.Johnson exercise physiology Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln1740 Vine StreetLincolnNE 68508USA Department of Kinesiology Human and Environmental Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Texas At El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy Division of KinesiologyUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the day-to-day consistency and inter-subject variability of com-posite and individual,neuromuscular and torque patterns of responses as a result of a fatiguing bout of maximal,bilateral,isokinetic leg extension muscle *** Ten men (Mean ± SD =21.6 ± 2.5 years) completed two testing visits consisting of pretest and posttest maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) as well as 25 maximal,bilateral,isokinetic (180°/s),leg extension muscle *** (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals were collected from the vastus lateralis and normalized to the *** fatigability was defined as the percent decline in torque between the average of repetitions 1,2,and 3 and repetitions 23,24,and *** regression was used to examine the individual and composite relation-ships between EMG amplitude (AMP),EMG mean power frequency (MPF),MMG AMP,MMG MPF,and torque versus *** There was no significant difference (d =0.80;P =0.17) in the performance fatigability between Day 1 (19.3% ± 7.1%)and Day 2 (26.9% ± 11.3%).Polynomial regression indicated substantial inter-subject variability,but high day-to-day *** The composite EMG AMP,MMG AMP,and MMG MPF patterns of responses demonstrated consistency across *** composite EMG MPF patterns of responses,however,were not consistent between Day 1 and Day *** addition,based on the high inter-subject variability,future studies should present both composite patterns of neuromuscular responses and the patterns of responses on a subject-by-subject basis to make inferences regarding fatigue-induced changes in motor unit activation strategies.

关键词： Performance fatigability Electromyography Mechanomyography Bilateral Dynamic

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Ad libitum water consumption prevents exercise-associated hyponatremia and protects against dehydration in soldiers performing a 40-km route-march

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Military Medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 201-207页

作者： Heinrich WNolte Kim Nolte Tamara Hew-Butler Movement physiology Research Laboratory School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa division Biokinetics and Sport Science Department of PhysiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa division of Kinesiology Wayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA.

Background: It remains unclear if ad libitum water drinking, as a hydration strategy, prevents exercise-associated hyponatremia(EAH) during prolonged exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of EAH within the broader context of fluid regulation among soldiers performing a 40-km route-march ingesting water ad ***: Twenty-eight healthy male soldiers participated in this observational trial. Pre-and post-exercise body mass, blood and urine samples were collected. Blood samples were assessed for serum sodium([Na+]), glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen(BUN), plasma osmolality, creatine kinase(CK), and plasma arginine vasopressin(AVP) concentrations. Plasma volume(PV) was calculated using hematocrit and hemoglobin. Urine samples were analyzed for osmolality and (Na+)Water intake was assessed by weighing bottles before, during and after the march. The mean relative humidity was 55.7%(21.9–94.3%) and the mean dry bulb temperature was 27.1°C(19.5°C-37.0°C) during the ***: Twenty-five soldiers(72±10 kg)(Mean±SD) completed the march in 09:11±00:43(hr:min). Participants consumed 736±259 ml/h of water and lost 2.8±0.9 kg(4.0%±1.4%, Pexercise sodium level completed the march in 08:38. He drank 800 ml/h, lost 2% body mass, and demonstrated(prepost) increases in plasma osmolality(294–314 m Osmol/kg H2O), BUN(20–30 mg/dl), AVP(2–16 pg/ml) and PV(41%). His urine osmolality decreased from 1114 m Osmol/kg H2O to 1110 m Osmol/kg H2O. No participants finished

关键词： Serum sodium concentration exercise-associated hyponatremia Arginine vasopressin Fluid balance Electrolyte balance Military

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