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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6750-6756页

作者： Ivana Roosevelt Sequeira human nutrition unit School of Biological ScienceUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1024New Zealand

The significance of plasma ascorbic acid(AA)is underscored by its enzymatic and antioxidant properties as well as involvement in many aspects of health including the synthesis of biomolecules during acute illness,trauma and chronic health *** intake supports maintenance of optimal levels with supplementation at higher doses more likely *** increased intestinal paracellular permeability following high dose AA may be utilised to enhance delivery of other micronutrients across the intestinal *** potential mechanism following dietary intake however needs further study but may provide an avenue to increase small intestinal nutrient co transport and absorption,including in acute and chronic illness.

关键词： Aspirin Ascorbic acid Paracellular permeability Antioxidant Lactulose mannitol test

Microbiota-host interplay at the gut epithelial level,health and nutrition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 327-334页

作者： Jean-Paul Lallès Division of human nutrition Division INRA Clermont-Ferrand France human nutrition Research Center-West Nantes France

Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecula

关键词： Diet Gut Inducible heat shock protein Inflammation Intestinal alkaline phosphatase Microbiota

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 87-91页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition

A workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: d

关键词： Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition Constraints and Future Plans Key Elements for Success Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region

Southeast Asian Perspectives on nutrition Needs for the New Millennium

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 75-81页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition Institute for Medical Research

Over the last three decades, there has been significant changes in the lifestyles of communities, including food habits, and food purchasing and consumption patterns in the Southeast Asian region. As a result, there is a definite change in the food and nutrition issues in the region. nutritional deficiencies in many of these countries are slowly being decreased in magnitude. On the other hand, the significant proportions of the population are now faced with the other facet of the malnutrition problem, namely diet related chronic diseases. However, because of the different stages of socio economic development, the extent of each of these extremes of the malnutrition problems varies considerably between the different countries in Southeast Asia. nutrition needs in the new millennium would necessarily differ somewhat among these countries while at the same time, there would be a considerable amount of similarities. This presentation highlights several macro issues that countries in the region may focus on in the near future. Various intervention programmes have been undertaken by authorities to tackle the co existence of twin faces of malnutrition in many developing countries. It would be desirable to have a blue print of such programmes and activities in the National Plans of Action for nutrition (NPANs). The NPAN should be more than a framework or a descriptive document. It should be a tool for action, an operational plan that sets out priorities; identifies projects and activities, with details of implementation such as what, how and when; designates responsibilities and accountability for the activities; identifies resource requirements and their source; and sets out the plan for monitoring and evaluation. One of the main obstacles in the formulation and effective implementation of intervention programmes in developing countries is the lack of comprehensive data on the extent of the problems in many cases and the causes of such problems specificy to the

关键词： developing countries nutritional status consumption patterns operational plan Southeast Asia Life Sciences food habits

Selenium Requirements as Discussed in the 1996 Joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Consultation on Trace Elements in human nutrition

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 214-219页

作者： ORVILLE A. LEVANDER (Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville human nutrition Research Center, U. S. Department of Agricult ure, ARS, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-235, USA) Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center U. S. Department of Agriculture Maryland 20705-2350 USA.

In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency of the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level of tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and *** the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 μg/day, respectively. These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30μg/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds of the maximal plasma glutathione peroxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake of 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes of selenium around the world

关键词： WHO IAEA FAO

nutrition in acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第4期15卷 534-543页

作者： Srikanth Gopi Anoop Saraya Deepak Gunjan Gastroenterology and human nutrition unit All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

Acute pancreatitis(AP)has varying severity,and moderately severe and severe AP has prolonged hospitalization and requires multiple *** patients are at risk of *** is no proven pharmacotherapy for AP,however,apart from fluid resuscitation,analgesics,and organ support,nutrition plays an important role in the management of *** or enteral nutrition(EN)is the preferred route of nutrition in AP,however,in a subset of patients,parenteral nutrition is *** has various physiological benefits and decreases the risk of infection,intervention,and *** is no proven role of probiotics,glutamine supplementation,antioxidants,and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with AP.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Enteral Parenteral nutrition Malnutrition

Vascular complications of chronic pancreatitis and its management

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第8期15卷 1574-1590页

作者： Dinesh Walia Anoop Saraya Deepak Gunjan Gastroenterology and human nutrition unit All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas,resulting in recurrent abdominal pain,diabetes mellitus,and *** may lead to various other complications such as pseudocyst formation,benign biliary stricture,gastric outlet obstruction;and vascular complications like venous thrombosis,variceal and pseudoaneurysmal *** of varices is usually due to chronic venous thrombosis with collateral formation and variceal bleeding can easily be tackled by endoscopic *** bleed can be catastrophic and requires radiological interventions including digital subtraction angiography followed by endovascular obliteration,or sometimes with a percutaneous or an endoscopic ultrasound-guided approach in technically difficult ***-related bleed is usually venous and mostly managed ***-related arterial bleed,however,may require radiological interventions.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Pseudoaneurysm Vascular complications Varices Venous thrombosis

Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 529-539页

作者： Sudhir Yadav Rajesh Jha Department of human nutrition Food and Animal Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii at Manoa

Poultry is widely produced and consumed meat *** demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human ***,the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face are to produce sufficient amount of poultry meat in the most efficient *** the past,using antibiotics to promote the growth of poultry and manage gut microbiota was a ***,due to concerns over potential fatalistic impacts on food animals and indirectly to humans,their use as feed additives are banned or regulated in several *** this changed context,several alternative strategies have been proposed with some success that mimics the functions of antibiotics as growth promoters and modulate gut microbiota for their beneficial *** include the use of probiotics,prebiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzyme,among *** microbiota and their metabolic products improve nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and overall health and growth performance of *** paper reviews the available information on the effect of feed additives used to modulate intestinal microbiota of poultry and their effects on overall health and growth *** these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of *** review will help future researchers and industry to identify alternative feed ingredients having properties like prebiotics,probiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzymes.

关键词： Enzymes Microbiota Organic acids Poultry Prebiotics Probiotics

Can Emax and platelet count truly differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 120-122页

作者： Manjeet Kumar Goyal Omesh Goyal Department of Gastroenterology and human nutrition unit All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology Dayanand Medical College and HospitalLudhiana 141001PunjabIndia

This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet *** notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are *** study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold *** nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with ***,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately *** research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.

关键词： Emax Platelet count Benign liver lesions Malignant liver lesions Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Diagnostic biomarkers Shear wave elastography Methodological limitations Clinical utility

Complexation with pre-formed“empty”V-type starch for encapsulation of aroma compounds

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Food Science and human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 488-494页

作者： Jingyi Zhou Lingyan Kong Department of human nutrition and Hospitality Management The University of AlabamaTuscaloosa35487USA

Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food ***,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabilization of these volatile ingredients using encapsulation is a commonly investigated *** of aroma compounds using starch inclusion complex could be a potential approach due to the hydrophobicity of the left-handed single helical *** the present study,we used starch of three different V-type structures,namely V,V,and V,to encapsulate six different aroma compounds,including1-decanol(DN),cis-3-hexen-1-ol(HN),4-allylanisole(AN),γ-decalactone(DA),trans-cinnamaldehyde(CA),and citral(CT).The formed inclusion complexes samples were characterized using complementary techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results showed that upon complexation with aroma compounds,all V-subtypes retained their original crystalline ***,different trends of crystallinity were observed for each type of the prepared inclusion ***,among three V-type starches,V-type starch formed inclusion complexes with aroma compounds most efficiently and promoted the formation of FormⅡ*** study suggested that the structure of aroma compounds and the type of V starch could both affect the complexation properties.

关键词： Starch “Empty”V-type Aroma Inclusion complex Encapsulation