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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 214-219页

作者： ORVILLE A. LEVANDER (Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville human nutrition Research Center, U. S. Department of Agricult ure, ARS, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-235, USA) Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center U. S. Department of Agriculture Maryland 20705-2350 USA.

In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency of the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level of tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and *** the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 μg/day, respectively. These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30μg/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds of the maximal plasma glutathione peroxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake of 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes of selenium around the world

关键词： WHO IAEA FAO

Edible Seeds and Nuts Grown in Brazil as Sources of Protein for human nutrition

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 857-862页

作者： Jullyana B. Freitas Daniela C. Fernandes Ludmila P. Czeder Jean Carlos R. Lima Amanda G. O. Sousa Maria Margareth V. Naves Department of Nursing Nutrition and Physiotherapy University Pontifical Catholic of Goiás (PUC-GO) Goiania Brazil Experimental nutrition Laboratory Faculty of Nutrition Federal University of Goiás (UFG) Goiania Brazil. Faculty of Agronomy and Food Engineering Federal University of Goiás (UFG) Goiania Brazil

Edible seeds and nuts can contribute to an adequate intake of protein, particularly in vegetable-based diets. However, there are relatively few reports with insufficient data regarding the protein quality of these foods, especially of edible seeds and nuts from Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vivo protein quality of two edible seeds (baru almond and peanut) and two nuts (Brazil nut and cashew nut) grown in Brazil. The proximate composition and the amino acid profile were analyzed. The true protein digestibility and the protein quality of these foods were evaluated by bioassay with male weanling Wistar rats over a period of 14 days, and the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) was estimated. Edible seeds and nuts presented high contents of proteins (16.3 to 32.3 g/100g), lipids (42.7 to 57.9 g/100g) and dietary fibers (6.5 to 14.3 g/100g). Lysine was found to be the limiting amino acid in baru almond, peanut and Brazil nut, which had amino acid scores ranging from 71% to 76%. Cashew nut had no limiting amino acid. These foods showed high protein digestibility (around 90%) except for baru almond (75%), and their PDCAAS values varied significantly (57%, for baru almond, and 90%, for cashew nut). The edible seeds and nuts grown in Brazil provide a high density of energy and nutrients and they can be used as complementary sources of proteins.

关键词： Edible Seeds Nuts Amino Acids Chemical Composition Protein Bioavailability

Effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose and xylotriose on plasma immunoglobulin, cecal metabolites production, microbial ecology, and metabolic pathways in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1578-1589页

作者： Razib Das Pravin Mishra Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of human nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin *** no study investigated and compared the effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose(XOS2) and xy lotriose(XOS3) in *** study investigated the effect of in ovo feeding of these XOS compounds on post-hatch gut health parameters in chickens.A total of 144 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups:a) non-injected control(CON),b) XOS2,and c) *** the 17^(th) embryonic day,the eggs of the XOS2 and XOS3 groups were injected with 3 mg of XOS2 and XOS3 diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline through the amniotic *** hatching,the chicks were raised for 21 *** was collected on d 14 to measure plasma *** digests were collected for measuring short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) on d 14 and 21,and for microbial ecology and microbial metabolic pathway analyses on d 7 and *** The results were considered significantly different at P<*** quantified plasma IgA and IgG on d 14chickens,revealing no differences among the *** chromatography results showed no significant differences in the concentrations of cecal SCFAs on d 14 but significant differences on d ***;the SCFA concentrations were lower in the XOS3 than in the CON group on d *** cecal metagenomics data showed that the abundance of the family Clostridiaceae significantly decreased on d 7,and the abundance of the family Oscillospiraceae increased on d 21 in the XOS2 compared to the *** was a reduction in the relative abundance of genus Clostridium sense stricto 1 in the XOS2 compared to the CON on d 7 and the genus Ruminococcus,torques in both XOS2 and XOS3 groups compared to the CON on d *** XOS2 and XOS3 groups reduced the genes for chondroitin sulfate degradation Ⅰ and L-histidine degradation Ⅰpathways,which contribute to improved gut health,respectivelyc in the micr

关键词： Broiler In ovo Metagenomics Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides

Embryonic thermal manipulation:a potential strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens for sustainable poultry production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1347-1375页

作者： Sadid Al Amaz Birendra Mishra Department of human nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Due to high environmental temperatures and climate change, heat stress is a severe concern for poultry health and production, increasing the propensity for food insecurity. With climate change causing higher temperatures and erratic weather patterns in recent years, poultry are increasingly vulnerable to this environmental stressor. To mitigate heat stress, nutritional, genetic, and managerial strategies have been implemented with some success. However, these strategies did not adequately and sustainably reduce the heat stress. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive measures to mitigate the effects of heat stress on poultry, ensuring optimal production and promoting poultry well-being. Embryonic thermal manipulation(TM) involves manipulating the embryonic environment's temperature to enhance broilers' thermotolerance and growth performance. One of the most significant benefits of this approach is its cost-effectiveness and saving time associated with traditional management practices. Given its numerous advantages, embryonic TM is a promising strategy for enhancing broiler production and profitability in the poultry industry. TM increases the standard incubation temperature in the mid or late embryonic stage to induce epigenetic thermal adaption and embryonic metabolism. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the available literature and scientific evidence of the beneficial effect of pre-hatch thermal manipulation on broiler health and performance.

关键词： Broiler Embryo Epigenetics Global warming Thermoregulation

Pre‑hatch thermal manipulation of embryos and post‑hatch baicalein supplementation mitigated heat stress in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1071-1085页

作者： Sadid Al Amaz Ajay Chaudhary Prem Lal Mahato Rajesh Jha Birendra Mishra Department of human nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawai’i at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction *** dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in *** novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically *** study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed *** Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 *** candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till *** hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM *** was constant(50%±5%)throughout the *** the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P<0.05 and are presented as mean±*** stress significantly decreased(P<0.05)the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other *** TM significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS bird

关键词： Baicalein Growth performance Gut microbiota Heat stress Thermal manipulation

Recent advances in the study of epitopes,allergens and immunologic cross-reactivity of edible mango

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1186-1194页

作者： Honglei Guo Yanjun Cong Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food nutrition and human Health College of Food and HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is a tropical fruit that is widely consumed as both fresh fruits and processed products around the *** high incidence of mango allergy,on the other hand,has sparked widespread ***,a summary and analysis of the current status and issues in mango allergen research can guide in-depth study on the mechanism of mango allergy and reveal effective desensitization *** described the incidence of fruit allergy,as well as the mechanism and clinical symptoms of mango allergy,in this *** also looked into the structural properties of mango allergens,the effect of processing methods on mango allergens,prediction methods for mango allergen epitopes,and the current state of research on mango cross-reactive allergens and preventive ***,the research directions and ideas for the future are proposed and discussed.

关键词： Mango Allergen Epitope Immunocross-reactivity Prospects

Apple polyphenol product， phlorizin or procyanidin B2， alleviates transplanted obese patient fecal microbiota-induced obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and related phages

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年

作者： Wenhui Li Zunyang Song Xin Xia Xiaoyu Jiang Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Dapeng Li College of Food Science and Engineering， Shandong Agricultural University， Key Laboratory of Food nutrition and human Health in Universities of Shandong

Apples are popular fruits worldwide and rich in phenolic compounds that can alleviate obesity and related metabolic diseases. However， the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity actions of apple polyphenols (AP) like phlorizin (PZ) and procyanidin B2 (PB2) on transplanted obese patient fecal microbiota (TOPFM)-induced obesity and related syndromes have not yet been fully examined in vivo. Herein， a commercial AP product， PZ compound or PB2 compound was used to ameliorate TOPFM-induced obesity in mice. The results indicated that the AP， PZ or PB2 supplementation markedly alleviate TOPFM-induced obesity in mice through effectively suppressing body weight gain and fat accumulation， alleviating insulin resistance and liver inflammation， regulating gut microecology and lipid synthesis/metabolism， and improving gut barrier function and antioxidant capacity. The gut barrier function and integrity were improved through regulating the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines， TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， and gut barrier function-related genes， ZO-1 and Occludin， and raising the GLP-2 level via increasing the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Interestingly， the AP， PZ or PB2 supplementation could significantly improve the production of SCFAs and restore the microbial community structure and diversity in mice with TOPFM-induced obesity， in particular， increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacteriaceaca possibly by inhibiting Blautia and Bifidobacterium phages. The influences of AP， PZ or PB2 on gut microorganisms and phases of the mice upon TOPFM were species-specific. This study was the first report on the ability of an AP， PZ or PB2 supplementation to promote the production of SCFAs by modulating gut microbiota possibly via regulating gut phages.

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Association of Serum Folate and Vitamin B_(12) Concentrations with Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期37卷 242-253页

作者： ZHU Qian Rang KOK E Dieuwertje BEKELE Hailu Tesfaye MANUSAMA Koen ZHANG Jing Xian XIE Wei ZONG Wen Qi ZUO Hui ZHANG Jian KAMPMAN Ellen DAI Yue Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing 210009JiangsuChina Division of human nutrition and Health Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen 176700 AAThe Netherlands School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina National Institute for nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and *** A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents,aged 6 to 17 years,from Jiangsu,*** indices,such as,children's body mass index(BMI),BMI z-scores,waist circumference,and waist-to-height ratio were *** linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of *** We observed that serum vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity[odds ratio(OR)=0.68;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.59,0.78]and abdominal obesity(OR=0.68;95%CI=0.60,0.77).When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles,those with both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.19,0.50)or abdominal obesity(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.31,0.67).Conversely,participants with vitamin B12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.09,3.91).Conclusion Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations,but not serum folate concentrations,were associated with lower odds of childhood *** and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B12 and folate were less likely to be obese.

关键词： Folate Vitamin B12 Childhood obesity Micronutrient

Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides:anxiolytic and antidepressant activities,characteristics,and mechanisms

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1168-1185页

作者： Wenhui Li Yu Xi Junru Wang Yinxiao Zhang He Li Xinqi Liu Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food nutrition and human Health Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesNational Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation CenterBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic ***-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant *** review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their *** aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.

关键词： Anxiolytic Antidepressant Peptides Protein hydrolysates Neurotransmitter

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside alleviates trimethyltin chloride-induced neurodegeneration by maintaining glutamate homeostasis through modulation of the gut microbiota

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 1093-1107页

作者： Yu Xi Wenhui Li Junru Wang Meihong Yu Xiangquan Zeng He Li Jian Li Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Processing Technology for Plant-Based Food of China National Light Industry Council Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in *** study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in *** predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic ***,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective ***,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.

关键词： Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Trimethyltin Neurodegeneration Glutamatergic pathway Gut microbiota