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Stress Effects of Chlorate on Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)Trees: Changes in Nitrogen and Carbon Nutrition

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第6期3卷 237-246页

作者： LU Jiemei YANG Ruitao WANG Huicong HUANG Xuming Physiological Laboratory for South China Fruits College of Horticulture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou agricultural technology extension center

Three-year-old potted longan(Dimocarpus longan ***)trees were treated with potassium chlorate and effects on nitrogen and carbon nutrition were *** results showed that potassium chlorate at 10 and 20 g per pot failed to induce flower but suppressed shoot growth and caused leaf chlorosis and *** treatment significantly inhibited nitrate reductase but increased nitrogen concentration in the leaves and *** of soluble amino acids in the leaves of treated trees increased within 14 days and then declined to the control level,while it increased constantly in *** both organs,the amino acid increase was an all-round one,with all the tested 21 amino acids ***,soluble proteins in the leaves were slightly increased by chlorate,indicating that de novo synthesis of amino acids was *** reduced photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance but slightly increased CO2 concentration in the mesophyll,suggesting that chlorate treatment damaged photosynthetic *** damage was reflected by the destruction of thylakoids and grana in the *** also caused depletion of starch with significant accumulation of soluble sugars in the *** of sugars and soluble amino acids indicates osmotic adjustment in response to the stress caused by chlorate treatment.

关键词： longan potassium chlorate nitrogen nutrition carbon nutrition

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1179-1194页

作者： Lichao Zhai Lihua Zhang Yongzeng Cui Lifang Zhai Mengjing Zheng Yanrong Yao Jingting Zhang Wanbin Hou Liyong Wu Xiuling Jia Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050035China Hebei Science and technology Innovation Service center Shijiazhuang 050051China Yongnian agricultural technology extension center Handan 057150China Ningjin agricultural technology extension center Xingtai 055550China

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high *** order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical *** with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior *** effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior ***,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most *** area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or *** with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and ***,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N *** showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position *** conclusion,the combined application of

关键词： chemical fertilizer dry mater accumulation kernel position effect N uptake organic fertilizer

Seasonal occurrence of Aphis glycines and physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 342-351页

作者： Xing-Ya Wang Li-Hong Zhou Biao Xu Xing Xing Guo-Qing Xu Accepted February 10 2014 Institute of Flower Research Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang agricultural technology extension center of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County Anshan Liaoning China

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is an important pest of soybean in China. To monitor and manage this pest effectively it is neces-sary to understand its population dynamics and demographics, as well as the physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding. In this study, using field surveying and suction-trap monitoring, we investigated the population dynamics of the soybean aphid in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province in northeastern China during 2009-2012. The results indicatedthat the population dynamics of the soybean aphid followed a unimodal curve distribution, with the insect generally colonizing soybean fields from the middle of June to early Julyand the population reaching a peak between early July and early August. On the whole, soybean aphids occurred in suction-traps at least 2 weeks earlier than they were foundin field surveys. A total of 72 alates were collected by suction-trapping over the 4 years, with the earliest alate captures occurring on 28 May in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 4 June in 2010. The life table parameters clearly showed that this aphid had a short doubling time （4.73 ± 0.21 days）, and 7.36± 0.98 nymphs were produced by a soybean aphid adult during its lifetime （13.57 ± 0.30 days）. Finally, biochemical assays indicated that the amount of malondialdehyde and the activities of four defense-related enzymes in soybean leavessignificantly changed between 0 day and 7 days of aphid infestation. Polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and catalase （CAT） activities increased more dramatically after 1 day of aphid feed-ing. In addition, significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and CAT were found after aphid feeding for 7 days, whereas there was no significant change in the activitiesof peroxidase and PPO. Consequently, this study will be beneficial in determining the seasonal occurrence of the soybean aphid and selecting insect-resistant soybean varieties,and thus in developing a theoretical framework for appropriate m

关键词： Aphis glycines defense-related enzymes life table population dynamics suction trap

Overview on current criteria for heavy metals and its hint for the revision of soil environmental quality standards in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 765-774页

作者： CHEN Shi-bao WANG Meng LI Shan-shan ZHAO Zhong-qiu E Wen-di Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Land Science and technology China University of Geosciences National agricultural technology extension and Service center Ministry of Agriculture

Following rapid social and economic development over the past several decades, soil pollution by heavy metals(HMs) has been both serious and widespread in China. The Soil Environmental Quality Standards(SEQSs) in China(GB 15618-1995) have been introduced to encourage and enforce sustainable soil HM management. However, in recent years, HM contents in soils have frequently been found to exceed their associated standard values, while the crops growing on them might still meet regulatory standards, and vice versa. There is thus growing awareness that GB 15618-1995 does not effectively regulate current soil HM pollution, as it has encountered bottlenecks, and disappointing outcomes caused by poor execution along with deficiencies and gaps in the policies. However, due to the deficiency of scientific research about relationships between soil HM concentrations and their ecological or human health effects, the development of SEQSs in China is still greatly restricted. This paper discusses international SEQSs of HMs as well their development in China over time, then examines current Chinese SEQSs to demonstrate their potential regulatory deficiencies by referring to international SEQSs. The corresponding legislative policies are described, and scientific information or responses are outlined for maintaining soil environmental quality. China’s experience has shown that policy and science can be linked to work in tandem to better understand and manage soil quality issues.

关键词： soil heavy metals regulatory standards soil science policy

Identification of Genes Related to Mesocarp Development in Cucumber

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第5期6卷 293-300页

作者： Xiaohua Qi Yamei Zhu Shuifeng Li Hanxi Zhou Xuewen Xu Qiang Xu Xuehao Chen College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Xiaoshan agricultural technology extension center Hangzhou 311200China

Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is an agriculturally and economically important vegetable crop *** thickness of mesocarp is an important quality pertaining to *** development of mesocarp,however,has received little *** this study,we selected one thick mesocarp line D8 to analyze the gene expression profiles of mesocarp at 0,3,6,and 9 days after pollination(DAP)by RNA *** mainly related to ribosomes,carbon metabolism,biosynthesis of amino acids,and oxidative phosphorylation were up-regulated at 3 *** 3 to 6 DAP,the genes related to oxidative phosphorylation,photosynthesis,and phagosome were highly ***6 to 9 DAP,the genes related to plant hormone signal transduction were highly *** expressed genes linked to cyclin,hormone biosynthesis and signaling,carbon metabolism,and transcription factors MYB and WRKY were common up-regulated at 3,6,9 DAP in comparison with 0 *** auxin-responsive and cytokinin-responsive genes were significantly up-regulated in mesocarp *** higher expression levels of the auxin-responsive gene indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase 3.6 and the cytokinin response regulator 3/4b in the thick mesocarp cultivar D8 than in the thin mesocarp cultivar XUE1 might have explained the different growth rates of the mesocarp.

关键词： cucumber mesocarp auxin cytokinin RNA-seq

Nmnoparticle-mediated double-stranded RNA delivery system: A promising approach for sustainable pest management

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 21-34页

作者： Shuo Yan Bin-Yuan Ren Jie Shen Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina National agricultural technology extension and Service center BeijingChina

RNA interference(RNAi)targeting lethal genes in insects has great potential for sustainable crop *** with traditional double-stranded(ds)RNA delivery systems,nanoparticles such as chitosan,liposomes,and cationic dendrimers offer advantages in delivering dsRNA/small interfering(si)RNA to improve RNAi efficiency,thus promoting the development and practice of RNAi-based pest management ***,we illustrate the limitations of traditional dsRNA delivery systems,reveal the mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated RNAi,summarize the recent progress and successful applications of nanoparticle-mediated RNAi in pest management,and finally address the prospects of nanoparticle-based RNA pesticides.

关键词： dsRNA delivery nanocarrier pest control RNAi efficiency RNA pesticide

Physiochemical Properties of Resistant Starch and Its Enhancement Approaches in Rice

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Rice science 2021年第1期28卷 31-42页

作者： Ding Yi Wang Maike Shen Yi Shu Xiaoli Wu Dianxing Song Wenjian State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for the Nuclear agricultural Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China agricultural technology extension center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

With changes in food preferences and life styles,more and more attentions have been focused on healthier ***,resistant starch(RS)which can resist digestion in the human intestine has been recognized and *** RS diet shows great benefit for the human health,and breeding high RS rice variety is a great target for realizing dietary *** provide guidance for RS improvement in rice,this review summarized the unique physiochemical properties of RS and the possible approaches,*** regulation,for enhancing RS content in rice,and proposed the potential ways to obtain rice variety with high RS content.

关键词： rice resistant starch starch modification physiochemical property

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE LANDFALLING STRONG TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE CATASTROPHIC MIGRATIONS OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN CHINA

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2014年第1期20卷 8-16页

作者：包云轩丁文文谢晓金兰平陆明红 Carbon and Water Cycle in Land Innovation Team Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science&Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology National agricultural technology extension and Service center Ministry of Agricultural

In order to clarify the statistical pattern by which landfalling strong tropical cyclones(LSTCs)influenced the catastrophic migrations of rice brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(stl)in China,the data of the LSTCs in China and the lighting catches of BPH that covered the main Chinese rice-growing regions from 1979 to 2008 were collected and analyzed in this work with the assistance of ArcGIS9.3,a software of geographic information *** results were as follows:(1)In China,there were 220 strong tropical cyclones that passed the main rice-growing regions and 466 great events of BPH’s immigration in the 30 years from 1979 to 2008.73 of them resulted in the occurrence of BPH’s catastrphic migration(CM)events directly and 147 of them produced indirect effect on the migrations.(2)The number of the LSTCs was variable in different years during 1979 to 2008 and their influence was not the same in the BPH’s northward and southward migrations in the *** the 30 years,the LSTCs brought more obvious influence on the migrations in 1980,1981,2005,2006 and *** influence was the most obvious in2007 and all of the 7 LSTCs produced remarkable impact on the CMs of BPH’s *** effect of the LSTCs on the northward immigration of BPH’s populations was the most serious in 2006 and the influence on the southward immigration was the most remarkable in 2005.(3)In these years,the most of LSTCs occurred in July,August and September and great events of BPH's immigration occurred most frequently in the same *** LSTCs played a more important role on the CM of BPH’s populations in the three months than in other months.(4)The analysis on the spatial distribution of the LSTCs and BPH’s immigration events for the different provinces showed that the BPH’s migrations in the main rice-growing regions of the Southeastern China were influenced by the LSTCs and the impact was different with the change of their spatial probability distribution during their *** m

关键词： Nilaparvata lugens(stal) catastrphic immigration landfalling strong tropical cyclone statistical characteristics spatial analysis

SNP-based linkage mapping for validation of adult plant stripe rust resistance QTL in common wheat cultivar Chakwal 86

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The Crop Journal 2019年第2期7卷 176-186页

作者： Qingdong Zeng Jianhui Wu Shuo Huang Fengping Yuan Shengjie Liu Qilin Wang Jingmei Mu Shizhou Yu Li Chen Dejun Han Zhensheng Kang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University extension center for agricultural technology Agriculture Department of Tibetan Autonomous Region

Wheat crops in China are constantly challenged by stripe rust. Deployment of cultivars with diverse resistances is the best strategy to control the disease. A recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between the resistant cultivar Chakwal 86 and susceptible landrace Mingxian 169 was studied in multiple environments to examine the underlying genetics and to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL) for stripe rust *** hundred and twenty-eight RILs were genotyped with wheat 35 K SNP array and a genome-wide linkage map with 1480 polymorphic SNP markers, or bins, was *** major QTL on chromosomes 1BL and 3BS, and one minor QTL on 6BS had significant effects in reducing stripe rust severity. The QTL were validated using composite interval mapping(CIM) and inclusive composite interval mapping(ICIM). These methods explained59.0%–74.1% of the phenotype variation in disease response. The QTL on chromosome 1 BL was confirmed to be Yr29/Lr46 and the one on 3BS was the resistance allele identified in CIMMYT germplasm but was not Yr30/Sr2. The QTL on 6BS probably corresponded to previously known QTL. RILs with combined QTL were more resistant than those with single or no QTL. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays for the QTL with largest effect QTL on chromosome 3BS were performed on a subset of RILs and 150 unrelated wheat lines. The QTL on 3BS with its linked KASP markers can be used in marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs.

关键词： Genetic linkage Haplotype analysis QTL mapping Puccinia striiformis Single nucleotide polymorphism Triticum aestivum