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Practical approach for detecting k-nonseparability of multipartite quantum states

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 32-48页

作者： Jie Guo Jinchuan Hou Xiaofei Qi Kan He College of mathematics Taiyuan University of Technology school of mathematics and statistics Shanxi University key laboratory of Complex Systems and Data Science of Ministry of Education Shanxi University

The instantaneous detection of entanglement in quantum states poses a significant challenge in the fields of quantum computation and quantum information, and there are no practical methods or tools to complete this task satisfactorily so far. We propose a sufficient and necessary criterion of k-nonseparability for any n-partite finite or infinite dimensional systems, 2 ≤ k ≤ n. This criterion serves as the foundation for a practical scheme designed to detect entanglement and k-nonseparability across multipartite finite-dimensional systems. To exemplify the application of our scheme, we have developed a software tool that facilitates swift and precise identification of entanglement, k-nonseparability, and genuine entanglement within n-qubit systems, specifically tailored for systems with 2 ≤ n ≤ 4.

关键词： multipartite systems entanglement states entanglement witnesses ${\bm~k}$-nonseparability

Distance two Heegaard splittings, JSJ decompositions and ranks of 3-manifolds

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Science China mathematics 2025年

作者： Wenjie Diao Yanqing Zou school of mathematical sciences East China Normal University Shanghai key laboratory of Pure mathematics and mathematical Practice East China Normal University

For any pair of integers g and n with g ≥ 3 and 1 ≤ n ≤ g, we build a 3-manifold with a distance-2,genus-g Heegaard splitting so that(1) it contains n pairwise disjoint and nonisotopic essential tori;(2) after it is cut open along these tori, one resulting piece is hyperbolic while the others are small Seifert fibered spaces;(3) it provides a substantial result to the rank versus genus problem. These generalize a result in Qiu and Zou(2019).

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On construction of strong orthogonal arrays and column-orthogonal strong orthogonal arrays of strength two plus

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Science China mathematics 2025年

作者： Bochuan Jiang Yaping Wang Fasheng Sun school of mathematics and statistics Beijing Jiaotong University key laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in statistics and Data Science Ministry of EducationSchool of Statistics East China Normal University key laboratory for Applied statistics of Ministry of Education and school of mathematics and statistics Northeast Normal University

Computer experiments require space-filling designs with good low-dimensional projection *** orthogonal arrays are a type of space-filling design that provides better stratifications in low dimensions than ordinary orthogonal arrays. In this paper, we address the problem of constructing strong orthogonal arrays and column-orthogonal strong orthogonal arrays of strength two plus. Existing methods typically rely on regular designs or specific nonregular designs as base orthogonal arrays, limiting the sizes of the final ***, we propose two general methods that are easy to implement and applicable to a wide range of base orthogonal arrays. These methods produce space-filling designs that can accommodate a large number of factors,provide significant flexibility in terms of run sizes, and possess appealing low-dimensional projection ***, these designs are ideal for computer experiments.

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Asymptotic false discovery control of the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for pairwise comparisons

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Science China mathematics 2025年第1期 223-252页

作者： Weidong Liu Dennis Leung Qi-Man Shao school of mathematical sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University school of mathematics and statistics University of Melbourne Department of statistics and Data Science SICMSouthern University of Science and Technology

In a one-way analysis-of-variance(ANOVA) model,the number of pairwise comparisons can become large even with a moderate number of *** by this,we consider a regime with a growing number of groups and prove that,when testing pairwise comparisons,the Benjamini-Hochberg(BH) procedure can asymptotically control false discoveries,despite the fact that the involved t-statistics do not exhibit the wellknown positive dependence structure required for exact false discovery rate(FDR) *** Tukey's perspective that the difference between the means of any two groups cannot be exactly zero,our main result provides control over the directional false discovery rate and directional false discovery proportion.A key technical contribution of our work is demonstrating that the dependence among the t-statistics is sufficiently weak to establish the convergence result typically required for asymptotic FDR *** analysis does not rely on conventional assumptions such as normality,variance homogeneity,or a balanced design,thereby offering a theoretical foundation for applications in more general settings.

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Weak KAM theory for two classes of almost periodic Hamiltonian systems

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Science China mathematics 2025年

作者： Xun Niu Kaizhi Wang Yong Li school of mathematics and statistics Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary SciencesNortheast Normal University school of mathematical sciences Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Modern Analysis (CMA-Shanghai)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of mathematics Jilin University

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of Bohr almost periodic and Levitan almost periodic Hamiltonian systems via the weak KAM theory. We obtain minimal measures and weak KAM solutions in both cases. The weak KAM solution is a weak solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, which formally transforms the original Hamiltonian systems into an integrable one. Consequently, we get the existence of an invariant torus in the aforementioned weak sense.

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Low-cost and fluoride-free synthesis of MFI zeolite nanosheets with enhanced stability for benzene alkylation with ethanol

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 458-468页

作者： Peng Zhu Cun Liu Yiren Yu Guoshu Gao Yumeng Zhao Xiongfu Zhang Guodong Liu Guohui Yang State key laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology State key laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Zeolite nanosheets with a short b-axis thickness are highly desirable in lots of catalytic reactions due to their reduced diffusion resistance. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods usually require expensive structure-directing agents(SDAs), pricey raw materials, and eco-unfriendly fluorine-containing additives. Here, we contributed a cost-effective and fluoride-free synthesis method for synthesizing high-quality MFI zeolite nanosheets through a Silicalite-1(Sil-1) seed suspension and urea cooperative strategy, only with inexpensive colloidal silica as the Si source. Our approach was effective for synthesizing both Sil-1 and aluminum-containing ZSM-5 nanosheets. By optimizing key synthesis parameters,including seed aging time, seed quantity, and urea concentration, we achieved precise control over the crystal face aspect ratio and b-axis thickness. We also revealed a non-classical oriented nanosheet growth mechanism, where Sil-1 seeds induced the formation of quasi-ordered precursor particles, and the(010)crystal planes of these particles facilitated urea adsorption, thereby promoting c-axis-oriented *** obtained ZSM-5 nanosheets exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in the benzene alkylation with ethanol, maintaining stability for over 500 h, which is 5 times longer than traditional ZSM-5 catalysts. Furthermore, large-scale production of ZSM-5 nanosheets was successfully carried out in a 3 L highpressure autoclave, yielding samples consistent with those from laboratory-scale synthesis. This work marks a significant step forward in the sustainable and efficient production of MFI nanosheets using inexpensive and environmentally friendly raw materials, offering the broad applicability in catalysis.

关键词： Aspect ratio

Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance on NiFe‑Based Catalysts Through d‑Orbital Hybridization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 281-292页

作者： Xing Wang Wei Pi Sheng Hu Haifeng Bao Na Yao Wei Luo State key laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Applications of Hubei ProvinceSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072People’s Republic of China

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based *** introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in ***,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this *** and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER *** critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.

关键词： NiFe-based catalysts d-orbital coupling Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer

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Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University school of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) CAS key laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Fundamental Physics and mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) school of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing Jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University key laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National key laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang key laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine key laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening