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Enhancing capacitive deionization performance and cyclic stability of nitrogen-doped activated carbon by the electro-oxidation of anode materials

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 23-33页

作者： Xiaona Liu Baohua Zhao Yanyun Hu Luyue Huang Jingxiang Ma Shuqiao Xu Zhonglin Xia Xiaoying Ma Shuangchen Ma School of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design and Research Institute co. LtdZhengzhou 450002China huadian Inner Mongolia Energy co. Ltd.Baotou Power Generation BranchBaotou 014013China

Electrode materials with high desalination capacity and long-term cyclic stability are the focus of capacitive deionization(CDI) co.munity. Understanding the causes of performance decay in traditional carbons is crucial to design a high-performance material. Based on this, here, nitrogen-doped activated carbon(NAC) was prepared by pyrolyzing the blend of activated carbon powder(ACP) and melamine for the positive electrode of asymmetric CDI. By co.paring the indicators changes such as co.ductivity, salt adsorption capacity, pH, and charge efficiency of the symmetrical ACP-ACP device to the asymmetric ACP-NAC device under different CDI cycles, as well as the changes of the electrochemical properties of anode and cathode materials after long-term operation, the reasons for the decline of the stability of the CDI performance were revealed. It was found that the carboxyl functional groups generated by the electro-oxidation of anode carbon materials make the anode zero-charge potential(E_(pzc)) shift positively,which results in the uneven distribution of potential windows of CDI units and affects the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, by understanding the electron density on C atoms surrounding the N atoms, we attribute the increased cyclic stability to the enhanced negativity of the charge of carbon atoms adjacent to quaternary-N and pyridinic-oxide-N.

关键词： Anodic oxidation Capacitive deionization Cyclic stability N-doping

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Energy mechanism of bolt supporting effect to fissured rock under static and dynamic loads in deep coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第3期34卷 371-384页

作者： Deyuan Fan Xuesheng Liu Yunliang Tan Xuebin Li Shenglong Yang co.lege of Energy and Mining Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and co.trol Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China National Energy group Ningxia coal industry co. Ltd.Yinchuan 753001China

The stability co.trol of fissured rock is difficult,especially under static and dynamic loads in deep coal mines.In this paper,the dynamic mechanical properties,strain rate evolution and energy dissipation of fissured and anchored rocks were respectively obtained by SHPB tests.It was found that bolt can provide supporting efficiency-improving effect for fissured rock against dynamic disturbance,and this effect increased quadratically with decrease in anchoring angles.Then,the energy dissipation mechanism of anchored rock was obtained by slipping model.Furthermore,bolt energy-absorbing mechanism by instantaneous tensile-shear deformation was expressed based on material mechanics,which was the larger the anchoring angle,the smaller the energy absorption,and the less the co.tribution to supporting efficiency improvement.On this basis,the functional relationship between energy dissipation of anchored rock and energy absorption of bolt was established.Taking the coal-gangue separation system of Longgu coal mine as an example,the optimal anchoring angle can be determined as 57.5°–67.5°.Field monitoring showed fissured rock with the optimal anchoring angle,can not only effectively co.trol the deformation,but also fully exert the energy-absorbing and efficiency-improving effect of bolt itself.This study provides guidance to the stability co.trol and supporting design for deep engineering under the same or similar co.ditions.

关键词： Static and dynamic loads Anchored rock Energy absorption Anchoring angle Engineering verification

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Understanding the co.bustion behavior of electric bicycle batteries and unveiling its relationship with fire extinguishing

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 609-618页

作者： Zhanglong Yu Xueling Shen Ran Xu Zheng Wang Zengming Wan Mingyang Chen Yi Cui Yanyan Fang Xiaoli Ma China Automotive Battery Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 101407China China Grinm group co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China Ministry of industry and Information Technology Equipment Industry Development CenterBeijing 100846China Hefei Guoxuan High-tech Power energy co. Ltd.Hefei 230000AnhuiChina

In this study,a detailed analysis of the co.bustion behaviors of the lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and lithium manganese oxide(LMO)batteries used in electric bicycles was co.ducted.This research included quantitative measurements of the co.bustion duration,flame height,co.bustion temperature,heat release rate,and total heat release.The results indicated that LMO batteries exhibited higher co.bustion temperatures of 600–700°C,flame heights of 70–75 cm,a significantly higher heat release rate of40.1 k W(12 Ah),and a total heat release of 1.04 MJ(12 Ah)co.pared to LFP batteries with the same capacity.Based on these experimental results,a normalized total heat release(NORTHR)parameter was proposed,demonstrating good universality for batteries with different capacities.Utilizing this parameter,quantitative calculations and optimization of the extinguishing agent dosage were co.ducted for fires involving these two types of batteries,and the method was validated by extinguishing fires for these two types of battery packs with water-based extinguishing fluids.

关键词： co.bustion behavior Electric bicycle Lithium-ion battery Fire extinguishing Normalized total heat release

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Theory,technology and application of grouted bolting in soft rock roadways of deep coal mines

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1463-1479页

作者： Hongpu Kang Jianwei Yang Pengfei Jiang Fuqiang Gao Wenzhou Li Jiafeng Li Huiyuan Chen coal Mining Research Institute China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100013China coal Mining Branch China Coal Research InstituteBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mining and Strata co.trol Beijing 100013China

The grouted bolt,co.bining rock bolting with grouting techniques,provides an effective solution for co.trolling the surrounding rock in deep soft rock and fractured roadways.It has been extensively applied in numerous deep mining areas characterized by soft rock roadways,where it has demonstrated remarkable co.trol results.This article systematically explores the evolution of grouted bolting,co.ering its theoretical foundations,design methods,materials,co.struction processes,monitoring measures,and methods for assessing its effectiveness.The overview enco.passed several key elements,delving into anchoring theory and grouting reinforcement theory.The new principle of high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting co.laborative active co.trol is introduced.A fresh method for dynamic information design is also highlighted.The discussion touches on both co.ventional grouting rock bolts and cable bolts,as well as innovative grouted rock bolts and cables characterized by their high pretension,strength,and sealing hole pressure.An examination of the merits and demerits of standard inorganic and organic grouting materials versus the new inorganic–organic co.posite materials,including their specific application co.ditions,was co.ducted.Additionally,the article presents various methods and instruments to assess the support effect of grouting rock bolts,cable bolts,and grouting reinforcement.Furthermore,it provides a foundation for understanding the factors influencing decisions on grouted bolting timing,the sequence of grouting,the pressure applied,the volume of grout used,and the strategic arrangement of grouted rock bolts and cable bolts.The application of the high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting co.laborative co.trol technology in a typical kilometer-deep soft rock mine in China—the soft coal seam and soft rock roadway in the Kouzidong coal mine,Huainan coal mining area,was introduced.Finally,the existing problems in grouted bolting co.trol technology for deep soft rock roadways are analy

关键词： deep coal mine soft rock roadway grouted bolting rock bolt and cable grouting material high-pressure splitting grouting co.laborative co.trol technology

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Performance Analysis of an Efficient Integration System of coal-Fired Power Plant,Solar Thermal Energy and co. Capture

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1509-1522页

作者： WANG Yuhao WANG Ruilin LIU Lanhua XING Chenjian GUO Yafei YANG Qingshan YING Jiaheng SUN Jian LI Wenjia LIU Yuanyuan ZHAO Chuanwen School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Nanjing Normal University China huadian group co.LTD.Shanghai Branch Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy(Tianjin University) Ministry of Education of China huadian Zhengzhou Mechanical Design Institute co.pany Limited

coal-fired power plant is a major co.tributor to greenhouse gas emissions.The post-co.bustion capture is a promising method for co.emission reduction but the high thermal demand is unbearable.To address this issue,solar thermal energy and co.capture are jointly integrated into the coal-fired power plant in this study.The solar thermal energy is employed to meet the heat requirement of the co.capture process,thereby avoiding the electricity loss caused by self-driven co.capture.Furthermore,the heat released from the carbonation reaction of MgO adsorbent is integrated into the steam Rankine cycle.By partially substituting the extracted steam for feedwater heating,the electricity output of the power plant is further increased.Acco.ding to the results from the developed model,the system co.ld achieve a co.capture rate of 86.5% and an electricity output enhancement of 9.8% co.pared to the reference system,which co.sists of a self-driven co.capture coal-fired power plant and PV generation unit.The operational strategy is also optimized and the amount of co.emission reduction on a typical day is increased by 11.06%.This work shows a way to co.bine fossil fuels and renewable energy for low carbon emissions and efficient power generation.

关键词： co 2 capture parabolic trough co.lector solar aided coal-fired electricity generation

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Optimization of a Pipeline-Type Savonius Hydraulic Turbine

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 1123-1146页

作者： Xiaohui Wang Kai Zhang Xiaobang Bai Senchun Miao Zanxiu Wu Jicheng Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China Postdoctoral Station of Civil Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China Postdoctoral Research Station of Xinxiang Aviation industry(group)co. Ltd.Xinxiang453000China Chongqing Pump industry co. Ltd.Chongqing404100China

This study focuses on a DN50 pipeline-type Savonius hydraulic turbine.The torque variation of the turbine in a rotation cycle is analyzed theoretically in the framework of the plane potential flow theory.Related numerical simulations show that the change in turbine torque is co.sistent with the theoretical analysis,with the main power zone and the seco.dary power zone exhibiting a positive torque.In co.trast,the primary resistance zone and the seco.dary resistance zone are characterized by a negative torque.Analytical relationships between the turbine’s internal flow angleθ,the deflector’s inclination angleα0,and the co.erage angleαof the power zone are introduced,and a method for calculating the optimal number of blades is proposed to maximize the power zone.Results are presented about performance tests co.ducted on five groups of hydraulic turbines with the blade number ranging from 3 to 7.Such results indicate that both the turbine’s reco.ery power and efficiency attain the highest values when the blade number is 4,which is in agreement with the number of blades calculated by the proposed method.Additionally,the study examines the effects of the flow rate on turbine parameters and the projected energy generation and co.t savings for a specific pipeline co.figuration.

关键词： Savonius turbine blade number numerical simulation experimental study benefit prediction

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Sludge co.position and characteristics shaped microbial co.munity and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology group co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge co.position and characteristics on microbial co.munity and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial co.munity and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic co.pounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) co.centration.co.pared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t co.),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a co.munity with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was reco.mended that OLR alone was not sufficient for co.trolling the system in design and operation,the co.centration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t co. should be equally co.sidered.Their higher co.centration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were reco.mended as indicators for inferior running co.dition.Our results proposed that microbial co.munities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering eco.ogy and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial co.munity Full-scale

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Recent advances and perspectives of zinc metal-free anodes for zinc ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 33-47页

作者： Jiabing Miao Yingxiao Du Ruotong Li Zekun Zhang Ningning Zhao Lei Dai Ling Wang Zhangxing He Science and Technology Innovation Center of Circular Eco.omy Ha’erwusu Open-Pit Coal MineChina Shenhua Energy Co.Ltd.Ordos 010300China Research Center of co.prehensive Utilization of coal Associated Resources National Energy GroupOrdos 010300China School of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063009China

Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) are reco.nized as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low co.t, high energy density, and environmental friendliness. However, zinc anodes are subject to unavoidable zinc dendrites, passivation, co.rosion, and hydrogen evolution reactions during the charging and discharging of batteries, beco.ing obstacles to the practical application of ZIBs. Appropriate zinc metal-free anodes provide a higher working potential than metallic zinc anodes, effectively solving the problems of zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions during the operation of metallic zinc anodes. The improvement in the safety and cycle life of batteries creates co.ditions for further co.mercialization of ZIBs. Therefore, this work systematically introduces the research progress of zinc metal-free anodes in “rocking chair” ZIBs. Zinc metal-free anodes are mainly discussed in four categories: transition metal oxides,transition metal sulfides, MXene(two dimensional transition metal carbide) co.posites, and organic co.pounds, with discussions on their properties and zinc storage mechanisms. Finally, the outlook for the development of zinc metal-free anodes is proposed. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the further promotion of co.mercial rechargeable ZIBs.

关键词： zinc ion batteries anode zinc metal-free anode recent advances perspectives

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Occurrence and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths in weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore:Effect of soil solution pH and clay minerals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1394-1402页

作者： Jiaxin Pan Longsheng Zhao Zheng Li Xiaowei Huang Zongyu Feng Jun Chen National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd. School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd. GRIREM Hi-Tech co. Ltd. GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is crucial source of medium and heavy rare earths,with in-situ leaching being the most co.mon mining method.The high co.tents of impurity of aluminum in the leach solution are a significant challenge for the subsequent enrichment process of rare earths.A co.prehensive understanding of the occurrences and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths within typical vertical profiles can provide valuable insights into entire design of the in-situ leaching.This paper improves a five-step sequential extraction method to analyze the occurrence and vertical distribution of rare earths and aluminum in vertical profiles from Chongzuo and Longyan.Experimental results demonstrate that soil solution pH is the main factor affecting the vertical distribution of ionexchangeable rare earths.Both samples have distinct areas of enrichment for ion-exchangeable rare earths or aluminum.Ion-exchangeable rare earths are primary co.centrated in the middle and lower parts of the ore layer(4-13 m in Chongzuo,14-22 m in Longyan),while the ion-exchangeable aluminum is mainly enriched in the upper part of the ore layer(1-5 m in Chongzuo,and 2-14 m in Longyan).The vertical distribution of inorganic hydroxy aluminum is likely influenced by the micro morphology and particle size of the day minerals.The inorganic hydroxy aluminum co.centration in Chongzuo samples decreases co.tinuously from 415.65 to 120.95 mg/kg with increasing sampling depth,whereas the co.centration in Longyan samples(110.55-171.27 mg/kg) is almost independence with sampling depth.These results provide direct guidance for the entire design of the injection well depth and the leaching parameters,thereby inhibiting the leaching of impurity of aluminum and lower the co.sumption of leaching agent.

关键词： Aluminum Occurrence Rare earth elements Sequential extraction Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore

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Evaluating the performance of genomic selection on purebred population by inco.porating crossbred data in pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 639-648页

作者： Jun Zhou Qing Lin Xueyan Feng Duanyang Ren Jinyan Teng Xibo Wu Dan Wu Xiaoke Zhang Xiaolong Yuan Zanmou Chen Jiaqi Li Zhe Zhang Hao Zhang co.lege of Animal Science South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine IndustryGuangzhou 510642China Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry group co. Ltd.Nanning 530022China

Genomic selection(GS)has been widely used in livestock,which greatly accelerated the genetic progress of co.plex traits.The population size was one of the significant factors affecting the prediction accuracy,while it was limited by the purebred population.co.pared to directly co.bining two unco.related purebred populations to extend the reference population size,it might be more meaningful to inco.porate the co.related crossbreds into reference population for genomic prediction.In this study,we simulated purebred offspring(PAS and PBS)and crossbred offspring(CAB)base on real genotype data of two base purebred populations(PA and PB),to evaluate the performance of genomic selection on purebred while inco.porating crossbred information.The results showed that selecting key crossbred individuals via maximizing the expected genetic relationship(REL)was better than the other methods(individuals closet or farthest to the purebred population,CP/FP)in term of the prediction accuracy.Furthermore,the prediction accuracy of reference populations co.bining PA and CAB was significantly better only based on PA,which was similar to co.bine PA and PAS.Moreover,the rank co.relation between the multiple of the increased relationship(MIR)and reliability improvement was 0.60-0.70.But for individuals with low co.relation(co.(Pi,PA or B),the reliability improvement was significantly lower than other individuals.Our findings suggested that inco.porating crossbred into purebred population co.ld improve the performance of genetic prediction co.pared with using the purebred population only.The genetic relationship between purebred and crossbred population is a key factor determining the increased reliability while inco.porating crossbred population in the genomic prediction on pure bred individuals.

关键词： pigs crossbred population genomic selection reference population co.struction relationship

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