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Short-term responses of an alpine meadow community to removal of a dominant species along a fertilization gradient

Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 513-522页

作者： Wei Li Jimin Cheng Kailiang Yu howard E.Epstein Guozhen Du State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource 26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia291 McCormick RoadCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4123USA State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China

Aims The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has intrigued ecologists for several decades,but the effect of loss of a dominant species on community structure and functioning along a nutrient gradient remains poorly *** aim of this paper was to test the effect of a dominant species on community structure and function by conducting a species removal experiment along a fertilization *** We removed the population of a dominant species(Elymus nutans)in a long-term fertilization field in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,*** general linear models were used to evaluate the effects of fertilization and removal on above-ground vegetation characteristics,including photosynthetically active radiation in the understory,species richness,shannon-Weiner diversity index,simpson’s dominance index,above-ground biomass(includ-ing different functional groups)and seedling richness and *** Findingsresults revealed that after two plant growing seasons,there was no significant effect of the removal of a dominant species on species richness and diversity of the remaining vegetation,but the biomass of forbs and seedling recruitment were significantly increased indicative of the potential for long-term ***,removal had a large effect at high fertilization levels,but little effect when fertilization levels were *** studies indicated that community response to loss of a dominant species was mainly dependent on resource availability and the remaining functional group *** also found seedling recruitment was usually more sensitive to the influence of competition of dominant species than the estab-lished vegetation in the short term.

关键词： alpine meadow competition dominant species fertilization removal Tibetan Plateau

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Allele-aware chromosome-level genome assembly of Artemisia annua reveals the correlation between ADS expansion and artemisinin yield

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1310-1328页

作者： Baosheng Liao Xiaofeng Shen Li Xiang Shuai Guo Shiyu Chen Ying Meng Yu Liang Dandan Ding Junqi Bai Dong Zhang Tomasz Czechowski Yi Li Hui Yao Tingyu Mai Caroline howard Chao Sun Haitao Liu Jiushi Liu Jin Pei Jihai Gao Jigang Wang Xiaohui Qiu Zhihai Huang Hongyi Li Ling Yuan Jianhe Wei lan Graham Jiang Xu Boli Zhang Shilin Chen instituteof ChineseMateria Medica China Academyof ChineseMedical SciencesBeijing 100700China Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration the Second Clinical CollegeGuangzhou Universityof ChineseMedicineGuangzhou510006China institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100193China Artemisinin Research.Center China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Pharmacy College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Centre for Novel Agricultural Products Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK Wellcome Sanger institute Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxton CB101RQUK Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical GardenChineseAcademyof SciencesGuangzhou 510520China School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137China

Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin,an anti-malarial medicine commonly used ***,we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two *** strains with different artemisinin contents to explore the relationships between genomic organization and artemisinin ***-fidelity sequencing,optical mapping,and chromatin conformation capture sequencing were used to assemble the heterogeneous and repetitive genome and resolve the haplotypes of *** 5o,ooo genes were annotated for each haplotype genome,and a triplication event that occurred approximately 58.12million years ago was examined for the first time in this species.A total of 3,903,467-5,193,414 variants(SNPs,indels,and structural variants)were identified in the 1.5-Gb genome during pairwise comparison between haplotypes,consistent with the high heterozygosity of this *** analyses revealed a correlation between artemisinin concents and the copy number of amorpha-4,11-dienes *** correlation was further confirmed by resequencing of *** samples with varied artemisinin *** consensus sequencing of transcripts facilitated the detection of paralog ***,our study provides chromosome-level allele-aware genome assemblies for two *** strains and new insights into the biosynthesis of artemisinin and its regulation,which will contribute to conquering malaria worldwide.

关键词： Artemisia annua artemisinin haplotype chromosome amorpha-4 11-diene synthase copy number variation

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Long-term effects of PM_(2.5) components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States

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The Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 95-102页

作者： Jing Li Yifan Wang Kyle Steenland Pengfei Liu Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin howard H.Chang W.Michael Caudle Joel Schwartz Petros Koutrakis Liuhua Shi Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Department of Energy Environmental&Chemical EngineeringWashington University at St.LouisMO 63130USA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA

Growing evidence has linked long-term fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure to neurological *** is known about the individual effects of PM_(2.5) components.A population-based cohort study investigated the association between long-term(1-year average)exposure to PM_(2.5) components and dementia incidence among the elderly population(age,R65 years)in the United States.

关键词： northeastern incident exposure

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Large Cohort Data Based Cost-Effective Disease Prevention Design Strategy: Strong Heart Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2018年第12期8卷 588-601页

作者： Wenyu Wang Elisa T. Lee Barbara V. howard Richard Devereux Ying Zhang Julie A. Stoner Center for American Indian Health Research Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA MedStar Research institute Washington DC USA Cornell University Medical Center New York NY USA

Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have collected data on incidence and covariates/risk factors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these large data and translation of the valuable results to inform and guide clinical disease prevention practice are not well developed. In this paper, we proposed, based on large cohort study data, a novel conceptual cost-effective disease prevention design strategy for a target group when it is not affordable to include everyone in the target group for intervention. Methods and Results: Data from American Indian participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 - 74 years in the Strong Heart Study, the diabetes risk prediction model from the study, a utility function, and regression models were used. A conceptual cost-effective disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for diabetes prevention was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may provide reasonable solutions to address cost-effective prevention design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its significant risk factors, cost-effectively selecting individuals at high risk of developing disease to undergo intervention, individual differences in health conditions, choosing intervention risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptive goal levels for different subgroups, and assessing effectiveness of the prevention program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustrative example can also be analogously adopted and applied to other diseases preventions. The proposed strategy provides a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prevention practice.

关键词： Cost-Effective Costs-Benefits-Balanced Selecting Disease Prevention Prevention Design Prevention Strategy Translate Study to Clinical Practice

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High-throughput phenotyping by applying digital morphometrics and fluorescence induction curves in seeds to identifying variations:A case study of Annona(Annonaceae)species

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第4期5卷 443-455页

作者： Montcharles S.Pontes Carlos V.Montefusco-Pereira Biswapriya B.Misra howard L.Ribeiro-Junior Daniela E.Graciano Jaqueline S.Santos Michele A.S.Nobrega Shaline S.L.Fernandes Anderson R.L.Caires Etenaldo F.Santiago Plant Resources Study Group Natural Resources Study CenterUniversidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul79804-970-P.O.Box.351DouradosMSBrazil Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Recursos Naturais(PGRN) Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulDouradosMSBrazil Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland(HIPS)Campus C2.3D-66123 SaarbruckenGermany Center for Precision Medicine Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineMedical Center BoulevardWinston SalemNC 27157USA Center for Research and Drug Development Universidade Federal do Ceara60160250 FortalezaCEBrazil Applied Optics Group Laboratory of BiophotonicsUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados79804-970-P.O.Box.351DouradosMSBrazil Optics and Photonic Group Institute of PhysicsUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCP 54979070-900 Campo GrandeMSBrazil

Differences in physical and structural characteristics of seeds may indicate variability within and between plant *** the present study,we performed a close characterization of dimension,shape,and tegument delayed chlorophyll fluorescence in seeds obtained from three species of the genus Annona(Annonaceae),i.e.,Annona coriacea,***,*** showed that studied seeds may be sorted as scalene ellipsoids expressing low values for the seed *** morphological estimates suggested differences in seed shape for all species.A high correlation was observed between surface area and volume(r^2>99%)for all the three species suggesting that in addition to structural *** addition,we also observed very high positive correlations(Rho=1.000,p<0.001)between surface area and arithmetic mean diameterof the seeds for all *** first principal component(PCA1)of elliptical Fourier descriptors explained most of the variations in morphological structure of the seeds in the three ***,a less intense tegument delayed chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for *** while the highest intensity was recorded for ***,revealing the potential use of fluorescence spectroscopy in discrimination at the species level by analyzing the frequency domain by means of Fourier Transform spectra as well as the relationship time-frequency of chlorophyll fluorescence.

关键词： Dynamics of fluorescence Fourier descriptors Structural traits Phenomics

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The association between radiological spreading pattern and clinical outcomes in necrotizing external otitis

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Journal of Otology 2022年第3期17卷 156-163页

作者： W.Leentje van der Meer Ahmed B.Bayoumy Josje J.Otten Jerome J.Waterval Henricus P.M.Kunst Alida A.Postma Department of Radiology&Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Centerthe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centerthe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical Centerthe Netherlands School for Mental Health&Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands Dutch Academic Alliance Skull Base Pathology Maastricht University Medical Center+Radboud University Medical CenterMaastricht/Nijmegenthe Netherlands

Objectives: Necrotizing external otitis(NEO) is a rare infectious disease of the skull base. The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes of NEO can be correlated to different infectious spread ***: Retrospective chart review from 2010 to 2019 with NEO patients, who were divided into two cohorts: single spreading patterns(group A) or complex spreading patterns(group B) as diagnosed by *** symptoms, diagnostic and treatment delay, course of disease, complications, and duration of antibiotic exposure were retrospectively collected from patient ***: 41 NEO patients were included, of which 27 patients belonged to group A(66%). The diseaserelated mortality rate was 12.2% among the entire cohort, no differences were found between group A and B. Higher rates of ***(42.9% vs 14.8% P = 0.047) and N. IX palsies were found in group B compared to group A(28.6% vs 3.7%, P = 0.039). The median duration of antibiotic use was significantly different for a complex spreading pattern, clinical recovery and hospitalizations. Complications were associated with higher diagnostic delay and with a complex spread pattern. The median duration of follow-up was 12.0(IQR 6.0-19.5) ***: NEO is a severe disease, with significant mortality and morbidity(cranial nerve palsies). The radiological spread pattern may assist in predicting clinical outcome. Furthermore, complex spread patterns are associated with higher rates of clinical nerve palsies(N. VII and ***), complications, surgery rates and longer duration of antibiotic use. Diagnostic delay was associated with mortality, complications and facial palsies.

关键词： Necrotizing external otitis Malignant external otitis Skull base osteomyelitis Clinical manifestation Spreading routes Antibiotic exposure Facial nerve palsy

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Radiofrequency ablation for early oesophageal squamous neoplasia:Outcomes form United Kingdom registry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第36期19卷 6011-6019页

作者： Rehan J Haidry Mohammed A Butt Jason Dunn Matthew Banks Abhinav Gupta howard Smart Pradeep Bhandari Lesley Ann Smith Robert Willert Grant Fullarton Morris John Massimo Di Pietro Ian Penman Marco Novelli Laurence B Lovat Department of Surgery and Interventional Science National Medical Laser Centre UCL Department Gastroenterology University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Department Gastroenterology Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Trust institute for Medical Informatics Oslo University Hospital Department Gastroenterology Royal Liverpool University Hospital Merseyside Department Gastroenterology Princess Alexandra Hospital Cosham Department Gastroenterology Bradford Royal Infirmary Bradford Department Gastroenterology Central Manchester University Hospital Department Gastroenterology Glasgow Royal Infirmary Department Gastroenterology Addenbrooke’s Hospital Royal Infirmary Edinburgh

AIM:To report outcomes on patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for early oesophageal squamous neoplasia from a National ***:A Prospective cohort study from 8 tertiary referral centres in the United *** with squamous high grade dysplasia(HGD)and early squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)confined to the mucosa were *** lesions were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)before *** initial RFA treatment,patients were followed up *** flat dysplasia was treated with RFA until complete reversal dysplasia(CR-D)was achieved or progression to invasive Squamous cell cancer defined as infiltration into the submucosa layer or *** main outcome measures were CR-D at 12 mo from start of treatment,long term durability,progression to cancer and adverse ***:Twenty patients with squamous HGD/ESCC completed treatment *** patients(25%)had EMR before starting RFA ***-D was 50%at12 mo with a median of 1 RFA treatment,mean 1.5(range 1-3).Two further patients achieved CR-D with repeat RFA after this *** per cent with CR-D remain dysplasia free at latest biopsy,with median follow up 24 mo(IQR 17-54).Six of 20 patients(30%)progressed to invasive cancer at 1 *** patients(20%)required endoscopic dilatations for symptomatic structuring after *** of these patients have required serial dilatations thereafter for symptomatic dysphagia with a median of 4 dilatations per *** other 2 patients required only a single dilatation to achieve an adequate symptomatic *** patient developed cancer during follow up after end of treatment ***:The role of RFA in these patients re-mains *** our series 50%patients responded at12 *** figures are lower than limited published data.

关键词： Squamous neoplasia Oesophageal cancer Endoscopic mucosal resection High-grade dysplasia Radiofrequency ablation

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Honeybees prefer novel insect-pollinated flower shapes over bird-pollinated flower shapes

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 457-465页

作者： Scarlett R. howard Mani Shrestha Juergen Schramme Jair E. Garcia Aurore AvARGUES-WEBER Andrew D. Greentree Adrian G. DYER Bio-inspired Digital Sensing (BIDS) Lab School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (iDn) Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55122 Germany Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI) Universite de Toulouse CNRS UPS Toulouse 31400 France ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Department of Physiology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Plant-pollinator in teractio ns have a fundame ntal in fluence on flower evolution. Flower color signals are frequently tuned to the visual capabilities of important pollinators such as either bees or birds, but far less is known about whether flower shape in fluences the choices of pollinators. We tested European honeybee Apis mellifera pref ere nces using novel achromatic (gray-scale) images of 12 insect-pollinated and 12 bird-pollinated native Australian flowers in Germany;thus, avoiding in flue nces of color, odor, or prior experie nee. In depende nt bees were tested with a number of parameterized images specifically desig ned to assess pref ere nces for size, shape, brightness, or the number of flower-like shapes prese nt in an image. We show that honeybees have a pref ere nee for visiti ng images of in sect-polli nated flowers and such a pref ere nee is most-likely mediated by holistic in formati on rather than by in dividual image parameters. Our results in dicate an giosperms have evolved flower shapes which in fluence the choice behavior of importa nt pollinators, and thus suggest spatial achromatic flower properties are an important part of visual signaling for plantpollinator in teractions.

关键词： angiosperm Apis mellifera (European honeybee) bird-pollinated flower insect-pollinated pollinator

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Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States

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The Innovation 2020年第3期1卷 114-122页

作者： Donghai Liang Liuhua Shi Jingxuan Zhao Pengfei Liu Jeremy A.Sarnat Song Gao Joel Schwartz Yang Liu Stefanie T.Ebelt Noah Scovronick howard H.Chang Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory University1518 Clifton Road NEAtlantaGA 30322USA Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer SocietyAtlantaGAUSA School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA GeoDS Lab Department of GeographyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA

BACKGROUND The novel human coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has claimed more than 600,000 lives worldwide,causing tremendous public health,social,and economic *** the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation,environmental factors,such as urban air pollution,may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 *** We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between longterm(2010–2016)county-level exposures to NO2,PM2.5,and O3 and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the United *** used both single-and multi-pollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders,including state-level test positive rate,county-level health care capacity,phase of epidemic,population mobility,population density,sociodemographics,socioeconomic status,race and ethnicity,behavioral risk factors,and *** From January 22,2020,to July 17,2020,3,659,828 COVID-19 cases and 138,552 deaths were reported in 3,076 US counties,with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 3.8%.County-level average NO2 concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-,bi-,and tri-pollutant *** adjusted for co-pollutants,per interquartile-range(IQR)increase in NO2(4.6 ppb),COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 11.3%(95%CI 4.9%–18.2%)and 16.2%(95%CI 8.7%–24.0%),*** did not observe significant associations between COVID-19 case-fatality rate and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or O3,although per IQR increase in PM2.5(2.6 mg/m3)was marginally associated,with a 14.9%(95%CI 0.0%–31.9%)increase in COVID-19 mortality rate when adjusted for *** Long-term exposure to NO2,which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic,may enhanc

关键词： AIR POLLUTION NITROGEN DIOXIDE COVID-19 CASEFATALITY RATE MORTALITY

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Community-level trait responses and intra-specific trait variability play important roles in driving community productivity in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 592-600页

作者： Wei Li Jie Zhao howard E.Epstein Guanghua Jing Jimin Cheng Guozhen Du State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resource26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University22 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia291 McCormick RoadCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4123USA School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China

Aims Human activities have dramatically increased nutrient inputs to ecosys-tems,impacting plant community diversity,composition and *** research has shown that a decrease in species diversity and an increase in productivity are a common phenomenon following fertilization in grasslands *** magnitude of the response of species diversity and above-ground net primary productivity(ANPP)to fertilization mainly depends on species traits(mean trait values)and traits variability(plasticity).Our aim of this study was to examine(i)changes of species diversity(species richness and Shannon-Wiener index)and ANPP following fertilization;(ii)which species traits or community-weighted mean(CWM)traits can determine ANPP,as expected from the‘biomass ratio hypothesis’;and(iii)the relative role of intra-specific and inter-specific trait variability in this process following *** We measured ANPP and four key plant functional traits:specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),mature plant height(MPH)and leaf nitrogen concentration(LNC)for 25 component species along a fertilization gradient in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan *** addition,trait variation of species was assessed using coefficients of variation(CV),and we calculated the ratio of the CVintra to the *** Findings Our results showed that:(i)fertilization significantly reduced species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity index,but sig-nificantly increased ANPP;(ii)there was a significant positive correlation between ANPP and CWM-SLA and CWM-MPH,yet there was no significant relationship between ANPP and CWM-LNC or CWM-LDMC;(iii)intra-specific variability in SLA and MPH was found to be much greater than inter-specific variability,especially at the higher fertilization *** con-cluded that CWM-SLA and CWM-MPH can be used to assess the impacts of species changes on ecosystem functioning,and dominant species can maximize resource use through intra-spe-

关键词： biomass ratio hypothesis fertilization leaf dry matter content leaf nitrogen concentration mature plant height specific leaf area Tibetan Plateau

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