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Projection of Extreme Temperatures in hong kong in the 21st Century

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2011年第1期25卷 1-20页

作者：李子祥陈建宇甄荣磊 hong kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Tsim Sha Tsui Kowloon Hong Kong

The possible changes in the frequency of extreme temperature events in hong kong in the 21st century were investigated by statistically downscaling 26 sets of the daily global climate model projections （a combination of 11 models and 3 greenhouse gas emission scenarios, namely A2, A1B, and B1） of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The models’ performance in simulating the past climate during 1971–2000 has also been verified and discussed. The verification revealed that the models in general have an acceptable skill in reproducing past statistics of extreme temperature events. Moreover, the models are more skillful in simulating the past climate of the hot nights and cold days than that of the very hot days. The projection results suggested that, in the 21st century, the frequency of occurrence of extremely high temperature events in hong kong would increase significantly while that of the extremely low temperature events is expected to drop significantly. Based on the multi-model scenario ensemble mean, the average annual numbers of very hot days and hot nights in hong kong are expected to increase significantly from 9 days and 16 nights in 1980–1999 to 89 days and 137 nights respectively in 2090–2099. On the other hand, the average annual number of cold days will drop from 17 days in 1980–1999 to about 1 day in 2090–2099. About 65 percent of the model-scenario combinations indicate that there will be on average less than one cold day in 2090–2099. While all the model-emission scenarios in general have projected consistent trends in the change of temperature extremes in the 21st century, there is a large divergence in the projections between difierent model/emission scenarios. This reflects that there are still large uncertainties in the model simulation of the future climate of extreme temperature events.

关键词： extreme temperature projections statistical downscaling climate projections climate change hong kong

Tropical cyclone track prediction using a large-area WRF model at the hong kong Observatory

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 67-74页

作者： Kai-Kwong Hon hong kong Observatory Hong KongChina

Tropical cyclone(TC)track predictions of the 10-km resolution WRF(provisionally named"AAMC-WRF")of the hong kong Observatory(HKO),spanning(20°S-60°N,45°E-160°E)is studied for a 1-year period from April 2018 to Mar ***-time predictions,up to 4 times a day and T+48 h ahead,are verified against operational analysis positions of HKO for storms over the South China Sea(SCS)and Western North Pacific(WNP);and of the New Delhi Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre(RSMC)for storms over the North Indian Ocean basin(NIO;including the Bay of Bengal).Out of 21 named TCs over SCS and WNP,mean positional errors of the AAMC-WRF are 33 km(T+0),63 km(T+24),and 107 km(T+48)based on 209,178 and 142 *** AAMC-WRF outperformed Meso-NHM,also run in real-time at HKO,with mean error reduction up to 34 km or 24%.Mean positional errors for 13 NIO storms are 38 km(T+0),69 km(T+24)and 107 km(T+48)based on 183,131 and 85 *** is the first study in which TC predictions of a regional model are simultaneously examined over the SCS,WNP and NIO basins through real-time experiments.

关键词： red storm SCS Tropical cyclone track prediction using a large-area WRF model at the hong kong Observatory WRF

Traditional Chinese medicine poisoning in the emergency departments in hong kong: Trend, clinical presentation and predictors for poor outcome

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第2期12卷 143-150页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Eric Ho Yin Lau Wai Lam Yip Joe Kai Shing Leung Matthew Sik Hon Tsui Emergency Medicine Unit Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Dear editor,Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is popular in many countries,especially in the Chinese population.^([1,2]) In hong kong,it has been estimated that around 15%of the population consumed Chinese medicine products/herbs in the preceding *** reasons for consumption include regulating bodily functions,curing disease,and building up health.

关键词： has editor curing

Intraseasonal Variation of Visibility in hong kong

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第1期34卷 26-38页

作者： Wen ZHOU Richard C.Y.LI Eric C.H.CHOW Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Center School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina City University of hong kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen518057China

Visibility is one of the parameters for indicating air pollution. In this study, visibility variation in hong kong during summer and winter is investigated. Visibility in hong kong has clear intraseasonai variation. Examination of different environmental parameters suggests that the intraseasonal component dominates the overall circulation anomalies in both summer and winter. Associated with the intraseasonal variation of environmental parameters, obvious variation in visibility impair- ment is found in both summer and winter. In summer, local visibility and air quality are found to be significantly affected by the （MJO） and the 10-30-day intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） through modulation of associated atmospheric circulations. In winter, the modulation effects appear to be weaker due to the southward shift of the associated convection. The results in this study highlight the importance of the ISO in contributing to the overall variation in visibility in hong kong, and provide useful implications for the development of possible mitigation strategies associated with visibility impairment and air pollution in hong kong.

关键词： visibility intraseasonal oscillation air quality hong kong

Influence of Tropical Cyclones on hong kong Air Quality

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1177-1188页

作者： Eric C.H.CHOW Richard C.Y.LI Wen ZHOU City University of hong kong(Shenzhen)Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Center School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in hong kong during the TC active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of hong kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of hong kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of hong kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of hong kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in hong kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when TCs are present between hong kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in hong kong.

关键词： PM10 03 air quality HK TC

‘One Health' for the people of hong kong and the world

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1068-1070页

作者： Kin-Hang Kok Hei-Man Vincent Tang Dong-Yan Jin Department of Biochemistry University of Hong Kong

Translational medicine refers to the conversion of scientific discoveries into improvements in medical practice. ＇From bench to bedside and back＇ is a phrase that is often used to describe the two-way information flow in translational medicine. On one hand, scientists working at the bench make new discoveries that enable clinicians to revolutionize patient care, while on the other hand, clinical investigations at the bedside provide new knowledge about diseases, which stimulate basic research at the bench.

关键词：世界香港健康科学发现临床医生临床调查基础研究信息流

Curriculum Adaptation in Special Schools for Students with Intellectual Disabilities(SID):A Case Study of Project Learning in One SID School in hong kong

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Frontiers of Education in China 2014年第2期9卷 250-273页

作者： ZHANG Jia-Wei WONG Lam CHAN Tak-Hang CHIU Chi-Shing hong kong Institute of Educational Research The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Using a qualitative case study approach,the authors analyzed the curriculum adaptation process for one project learning activity in School K,which is a SID school in the context of school-university *** sources of data were collected for triangulation,including interviews,documents and *** adaptation strategies in this study were analyzed from five perspectives:instructional goals,instructional content,instructional strategies,instructional settings,and student behavioral *** was found that curriculum adaptation efforts could help students with ID develop potential at their own level through project learning activates and teachers could also gain professional development during the university-school collaboration *** for future studies,enlarging the sample size,involving teachers’past orientations and motivations in the project learning process,and collecting quantitative data could all be taken into account.

关键词： special education students with intellectual disabilities(SID) curriculum adaptation project learning

An Examination of ENSO’s Effect on the Monthly and Seasonal Climate of hong kong from a Statistical Perspective

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2011年第1期25卷 34-50页

作者：李细明郑逸樑 hong kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Tsim Sha Tsui Kowloon Hong Kong

This study aims to examine the effect of El Nino and La Nina on the monthly and seasonal climate of hong kong against the ENSO-neutral situation from a statistical perspective. Monthly and seasonal temperature and rainfall of hong kong and monthly number of tropical cyclones （TCs） coming within 500 km of the city over the 59-yr （1950–2008） period are examined under three ENSO situations, namely El Nino, La Nina, and ENSO-neutral. It is found that, compared with the ENSO-neutral situation, El Nino tends to be associated with wetter winter （December–February） and spring （March–May） while La Nina tends to be associated with cooler autumn （September–November） and winter. El Nino tends to be associated with a later start of the tropical cyclone season of hong kong while La Nina tends to be associated with more TCs coming within 500 km of hong kong in August–October. It is also found that, for April and June–December, although the monthly number of TCs coming within 500 km of hong kong during El Nino is generally lower than that under the ENSO-neutral situation, the difference is not statistically significant based on the current data sample size.

关键词： ENSO statistical power analysis effect size

Nitrogen Mineralization in Soils Along a Vegetation Chronosequence in hong kong

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Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 181-188页

作者： L.M.MARAFA K.C.CHAU Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management Department of Geography and Resource ManagementThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong (China)Department of Geography and Resource ManagementThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong (China)

This research examined nitrogen mineralization in the top 10 cm of soils along a vegetation gradient in hong kong at sites where fire has been absent for 0, 1, 3, 6 and 17 years (at the time of the study), and the relationships between N mineralization and successional development of vegetation in the absence of fire. The sites including a newly burnt area (S1), short grassland (S2), tall grassland (S3), mixed tall grassland and shrubland (S4), and woodland (S5) were selected,and the in situ core incubation method was used to estimate nitrogen mineralization. Throughout the 60-day incubation in four periods, more nitrogen was mineralized at the S3 and S4 sites, the predominantly grassland sites, which contained the highest levels of soil organic matter (SOM) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), than the S1 site, while immobilization occurred at the S2 and S5 sites. Leaching loss decreased with successional development of the vegetation, in the order of S1 ＞ S2 ＞ S3 ＞ S4 ＞ S5. The pattern of nitrogen uptake with ecological succession was less conspicuous, being complicated by the immediate effect of fire and possibly the ability of the woodland species to extract nitrogen from the deeper *** the absence of fire for 3 to 6 years, the build-up of SOM and TKN was accompanied by active mineralization, thus paving the way for the invasion of shrub and tree species. A close relationship existed between nitrogen mineralization and ecological succession with this vegetation gradient. Inherent mechanisms to preserve nitrogen in a fire-prone environment including immobilization and uptake and the practical relevance of nitrogen mineralization to reforestation are discussed.

关键词： fire impact immobilization nitrogen mineralization successional development vegetation chronosequence