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Pollinator diversity benefits natural and agricultural ecosystems,environmental health,and human welfare

Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 429-435页

作者： Daniel Mutavi Katumo Huan Liang Anne Christine Ochola Min Lv Qing-Feng Wang Chun-Feng Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China

Biodiversity loss during the Anthropocene is a serious ecological *** are important vectors that provide multiple essential ecosystem services but are declining rapidly in this changing ***,several studies have argued that a high abundance of managed bee pollinators,such as honeybees(Apis mellifera),may be sufficient to provide pollination services for crop productivity,and sociological studies indicate that the majority of farmers worldwide do not recognize the contribution of wild pollinator diversity to agricultural ***,we review the importance of pollinator diversity in natural and agricultural ecosystems that may be thwarted by the increase in abundance of managed pollinators such as *** also emphasize the additional roles diverse pollinator communities play in environmental safety,culture,and *** indicates that in natural ecosystems,pollinator diversity enhances pollination during environmental and climatic perturbations,thus alleviating pollen *** agricultural ecosystems,pollinator diversity increases the quality and quantity of crop ***,studies indicate that many pollinator groups are useful in monitoring environmental pollution,aid in pest and disease control,and provide cultural and aesthetic *** the uncertainties that may accompany rapid environmental changes in the Anthropocene,the conservation of pollinator diversity must expand beyond bee ***,the value of pollinator diversity maintenance extends beyond the provision of pollination ***,conservation of pollinator diversity requires an interdisciplinary approach with contributions from environmentalists,taxonomists,and social scientists,including artists,who can shape opinions and behavior.

关键词： Bee Complementarity Ecological indicator Plant community Pollen limitation

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Cross-Linguistic Influence in Hong Kong ESL Learners' Acquisition of Conjunctions

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2023年第4期16卷 515-539页

作者： Ming Sum Kong Mary Carr Sin Wang Chong International Education Institute University of St.AndrewsKinessburn Kennedy GardensSt Andrews KY169DJUK Student Services University of DundeeDundee DD14HNUK

Language transfer is one of the most significant aspects of cross-linguistic *** can be divided into two types:positive and negative,the beneficial and det-rimental use of one language's acquired characteristics in *** study aims to investigate the L1(Chinese)influence on Hong Kong ESL learners'acquisition of conjunctions and whether the use of L1 has an impact on this *** online questionnaire combining questions about students'English learning experience and a grammatical judgement task was sent to a government-funded secondary school in Hong Kong and completed by 79 *** of both positive and negative transfer from Chinese to English was found by testing six conjunctions or conjunc-tion pairs:although...but,because...so,not only...but also,either...or,neither...nor,.and *** results suggest that Chinese is likely to have an impact on students'acquisition of conjunctions,and the use of Chinese in English classes can worsen negative transfer and boost positive *** degree of transfer might increase when more Chinese is used in *** alleviate the impact of Chinese transfer and to provide more effective L2 teaching,monitoring the use of L1 and regular evalua-tion might be *** can also adjust the amount of Chinese used according to the students'English proficiency level.

关键词： Cross-linguistic influence Language transfer Conjunctions Hong Kong ESL learners

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The size of burnt areas has little effect on the recovery of soil macrofauna in the boreal forests of Middle Ural,Russia

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Pedosphere 2020年第5期30卷 714-718页

作者： Konstantin B.GONGALSKY Anton A.IURMANOV Nadezhda L.UKHOVA Daniil I.KOROBUSHKIN A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071(Russia) N.V.Tzizin Main Botanical gardens Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 127276(Russia) Visimsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve Kirovograd 624140(Russia)

Dear Editor,The forests of the world are prone to fires of varying frequencies and intensities(Whitlock,2004).After fires,habitats previously not present in forest emerge:these are the areas of bare ground that are better insulated and thus have more contrasting soil temperatures during the day and between seasons(Winter et al.,1980;Phillips et al.,2000).

关键词： soil forest Middle

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Lamellar keratoplasty with corneoscleral graft for limbal dermoids

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第3期11卷 512-515页

作者： Oriel Spierer Daniel Gologorsky Eldad Adler Richard K. Forster Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Palm Beach Gardens Florida 33418 USA Department of Ophthalmology E. Wolfson Medical Center Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel

To assess the postoperative outcomes of limbal dermoid excision with corneoscleral graft transplantation. The charts of 8 consecutive patients （mean age： 13.0y） who had undergone limbal dermoid excision with lamellar corneosclerai graft transplantation by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. Mean dermoid size was 7.75 mm （6.0-12.0 mm）. Mean visual acuities （in IogMAR units） before and after surgery were 1.8 and 1.7, respectively （P=0.29）. Spherical equivalents were 1.3 diopter （D） before surgery and 0.7 D after surgery （P=0.40）. The mean astigmatism measurements before and after surgery were 2.4 D and 1.5 D, respectively （P=0.17）. Vector analysis revealed a mild change in astigmatism with a mean ＂d＂ of 3,2 （0,56-6.89）, No intra- or post-operative complications occurred. Lamellar keratoplasty for limbal dermoids is safe and offers good cosmesis and tectonic stability. A significant decrease in the amount of astigmatism is not expected following surgery.

关键词： limbal dermoid lamellar keratoplasty pediatric keratoplasty comeoscleral graft astigmatism

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The Paleogene to Neogene climate evolution and driving factors on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1339-1352页

作者： Jiagang ZHAO Shufeng LI Alexander FARNSWORTH Paul J.VALDES Tammo REICHGELT Linlin CHEN Zhekun ZHOU Tao SU CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center of Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolBristol BS8 ISSUK Department of Geosciences University of ConnecticutStorrs CT 06269USA CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The growth of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)during the Cenozoic drove dramatic climate and environmental change in this ***,there has been limited comprehensive research into evolution of climate during this *** we present a quantitative reconstruction using Bioclimatic Analysis(BA)and Joint Probability Density Functions(JPDFs)based on data available for 48 fossil floras,including macrofossils and palynological fossils collected in the QTP area from the Paleogene to Neogene(66–2.58 Ma).Both methods indicate that there was an overall decline in temperature and *** simulations using Hadley Centre Coupled Model version3(HadCM3)show that the most prominent climate change was very likely driven by QTP orographic evolution from the late Eocene,which was accompanied by a shift in temperature from a latitudinal distribution to a topographically controlled *** addition,with the growth of the QTP,temperature and precipitation decreased gradually in the northeastern part of the *** sources of evidence,including plant fossil records,climate simulations and other proxies,indicate that the topographic evolution of the QTP and other geological events,in conjunction with global cooling,may have been the main factors driving climate change in this *** research can provide insights into Cenozoic environmental change and ecosystem evolution.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cenozoic Paleoclimate Plant fossil Climate modelling

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Cytotoxicity and Aristolochic Acid Content of Medicinally Used Asarum Species

Cytotoxicity and Aristolochic Acid Content of Medicinally Us...

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第十四届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会

作者： Johanna Michl Olusheyi Bello Geoffrey C.Kite Monique S.J.Simmonds Michael Heinrich UCL School of Pharmacy London Royal Botanical gardens KewSurrey

＜正＞Asarum species are used as herbal medicines in many parts of the world,including Europe and *** Asarum species are listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia under the Pin Yin name Xixin（1）.Similar to Aristolochia species,they contain aristolochic acid（AA）analogues,compounds known for their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects（2）.So far,little is known

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Alternative splicing of MaMYB16L regulates starch degradation in banana fruit during ripening

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第7期63卷 1341-1352页

作者： Guoxiang Jiang Dandan Zhang Zhiwei Li Hanzhi Liang Rufang Deng Xinguo Su Yueming Jiang Xuewu Duan South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650 China Center of Economic Botany Core Botanical Gardensthe Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650 China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049 China Guangdong AIB Polytechnic Guangzhou510507 China

The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in ***,the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains ***,we discovered that MaMYB16L,an R1-type MYB transcription factor,undergoes alternative splicing and generates two transcripts,the full-length isoform MaMYB16L and a truncated form MaMYB16S,in banana *** banana fruit ripening,the alternative splicing process intensifies with downregulated MaMYB16L and upregulated ***,MaMYB16L is a transcriptional repressor that directly binds with the promoters of many genes associated with starch degradation and MaDREB2,a positive ripening regulator,and represses their *** contrast,MaMBY16S lacks a DNA-binding domain but competitively combines and forms non-functional heterodimers with functional ***16L-MaMYB16S heterodimers decrease the binding capacity and transrepression activity of *** downregulation of MaMYB16L and the upregulation of MaMYB16S,that is,a decreased ratio of active to non-active isoforms,facilitates the activation of ripening-related genes and thereby promotes fruit ***,the transient overexpression of MaMYB16S promotes banana fruit ripening,whereas the overexpression of MaMYB16L delays this ***,the alternative splicing of MaMYB16L might generate a self-controlled regulatory loop to regulate banana fruit ripening.

关键词： alternative splicing fruit ripening Musa acuminata R1-MYB transcriptional regulation

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Vacancy engineering of oxidized Nb_(2)CTx MXenes for a biased nitrogen fixation

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第4期8卷 1185-1194页

作者： Mengzhao Zhang Hanqing Yin Fuhao Jin Jingquan Liu Xuqiang Ji Aijun Du Wenrong Yang Zhen Liu College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Graphene Applied Technology InnovationQingdao University308 Ningxia RoadQingdao266071China School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyGardens Point CampusBrisbane4001Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University75 Pigdons RoadGeelongVIC 3216Australia

The artificial nitrogen(N_(2)) reduction reaction(NRR) via electrocatalysis is a newly developed methodology to produce ammonia(NH3) at ambient conditions,but faces the challenges in N_(2)activation and poor reaction ***,Nb-based MXenes are developed to remarkably enhance the NRR activity through the engineering of the stretched 3D structure and oxygen vacancies(VO).The theoretical studies indicate that N_(2)could be initially adsorbed on VOwith an end-on configuration,and the potential determining step might be the first hydrogenation *** catalysts achieve an NH3production rate of 29.1 μg h^(-1)mg_(cat)^(-1)and excellent Faradic efficiency of 11.5%,surpassing other Nbbased *** selectivity of NRR is assigned to the unique structure of the catalysts,including(1) the layered graphitic structure for fast electron transfer and active site distribution,(2) the reactive VOfor N_(2)adsorption and activation,and(3) the expanded interlayer space for mass transfer.

关键词： Nitrogen reduction reaction Nb-based MXenes Oxygen vacancy Vacancy engineering Electrocatalysis

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Reduced turnover rate of topsoil organic carbon in old-growth forests:a case study in subtropical China

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forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 778-788页

作者： Xin Xiong Juxiu Liu Guoyi Zhou Qi Deng Huiling Zhang Guowei Chu Ze Meng Deqiang Zhang Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystem South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Center for Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Background:Old-growth forests are irreplaceable with respect to climate change mitigation and have considerable carbon(C)sink potential in ***,the relationship between the soil organic carbon(SOC)turnover rate and forest development is poorly understood,which hinders our ability to assess the C sequestration capacity of soil in old-growth ***:In this study,we evaluated the SOC turnover rate by calculating the isotopic enrichment factor β(defined as the slope of the regression between ^(13)C natural abundance and log-transformed C concentrations)along 0-30 cm soil profiles in three successional forests in subtropical China.A lower β(steeper slope)is associated with a higher turnover *** three forests were a 60-year-old *** forest(PF),a 100-year-old coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest(MF),and a 400-year-old monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest(BF).We also analyzed the soil physicochemical properties in these forests to examine the dynamics of SOC turnover during forest succession and the main ***:The β value for the upper 30-cm soils in the BF was significantly(pforests,accompanied by higher soil chemical recalcitrance,nitrogen status,and lower soil *** finding helps to elucidate the mechanism underlying C sequestration in old-growth forest soils,and emphasizes the important value of old-growth forests among global C sinks.

关键词： forest succession Old-growth forests Soil organic carbon Turnover rate 13C natural abundance

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bHLH121 Functions as a Direct Link that Facilitates the Activation of FIT by bHLH IVc Transcription Factors for Maintaining Fe Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 634-649页

作者： Rihua Lei Yang Li Yuerong Cai Chenyang Li Mengna Pu Chengkai Lu Yujie Yang Gang Liang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Center of Economic Botany Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Iron(Fe)deficiency is prevalent in plants grown in neutral or alkaline *** have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that regulate Fe homeostasis,ensuring *** Arabidopsis,FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(FIT)is a crucial regulator of Fe-deficiency *** is activated indirectly by basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)IVc transcription factors(TFs)under Fed eficiency;how ever,it remains unclear which protein(s)act as the linker to mediate the activation of FIT by bHLH IVc *** this study,we characterize the functions of bHLH121 and demonstrate that it directly associates with the FIT *** found that loss-of-function mutations of bHLH121 cause severe Fedeficiency symptoms,reduced Feaccum ulation,and disrupted expression of genes associated with *** analysis showed that FIT is epistatic to bHLH121 and FIT overexpression partially rescues the bhlh121 *** investigations revealed that bHLH IVc TFs interact with and promote nuclear accumulation of *** demonstrated that bHLH121 has DNA-binding activity and can bind the prom oters of the FIT and bHLHlb genes,but we did not find that it has either direct transcriptional activation or repression activity tow ard these *** hile,we found that bHLH121 functions downstream of and is a direct target of bHLH IVc TFs,and its expression is induced by Fe deficiency in a bHLH IV c-dependent *** together,these results establish that bHLH121 functions together with bHLH IVc TFs to positively regulate the expression of FIT and thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

关键词： bHLH121 bHLH IVc bHLH lb FIT iron uptake Arabidopsis

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