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Silk damping in scalar-induced gravitational waves: a novel probe for new physics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 79-85页

作者： Yan-Heng Yu Sai Wang Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Silk damping is well known in the study of cosmic microwave background（CMB） and accounts for suppression of the angular power spectrum of CMB on large angular multipoles. In this article, we study the effect of Silk damping on the scalar-induced gravitational waves（SIGWs）. Resulting from the dissipation of cosmic fluid, the Silk damping notably suppresses the energydensity spectrum of SIGWs on scales comparable to a diffusion scale at the decoupling time of weakly-interacting particles. The effect offers a novel observable for probing the underlying particle interaction, especially for those mediated by heavy gauge bosons beyond the standard model of particles. We anticipate that pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gauge bosons with mass ～10～3-10～4 GeV, while space-and ground-based interferometers to those with mass ～10～7-1012GeV, leading to essential complements to on-going and future experiments of high-energy physics.

关键词： scalar-induced gravitational waves Silk damping new physics

Effect of pyrite content on chalcopyrite flotation under different regrinding conditions

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 49-57页

作者： Zejun Wang Qing Shi Guofan Zhang Yuxuan Zhu Binbin Li school of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying pyrite(Py)content on copper(Cu)in the presence of different regrinding conditions,which were altered using different types of grinding media:iron,ceramic balls,and their mixture,followed by flotation in the cleaner *** flotation performance of rough Cu concentrate can be improved by changing the regrinding conditions based on the Py *** electron microscopy,X-ray spectrometry,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt extraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies illustrated that when the Py content was high,the use of iron media in regrinding promoted the generation of hydrophilic Fe OOH on the surface of Py and improved the Cu *** ceramic medium with a low Py content prevented excessive Fe OOH from covering the surface of chalcopyrite(Cpy).Electrochemical studies further showed that the galvanic corrosion current of Cpy-Py increased with the addition of Py and became stronger with the participation of iron media.

关键词： chalcopyrite regrinding media pyrite galvanic corrosion flotation

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16.48% Efficient solution-processed CIGS solar cells with crystal growth and defects engineering enabled by Ag doping strategy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 59-65页

作者： Mengyu Xu Shaocong Yan Ting Liang Jia Jia Shengjie Yuan Dongxing Kou Zhengji Zhou Wenhui Zhou Yafang Qi Yuena Meng Litao Han Sixin Wu Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering Henan University

Solution-processed Cu（In,Ga）Se2（CIGS） solar cells suffer from serious carrier recombination and power conversion efficiency（PCE） loss because of the poor film properties and easy formation of ***, we propose Ag&Se co-selenization strategy to enhance the crystallization and passivate harmful defects of the CIGS films. The formation of Ag-Se phase during the selenization process enables the formation of large grains and suppresses the deep level defects. It is found that Ag doping can enlarge the depletion region width, lower the Urbach energy and prolong the carrier lifetime. As a result, a champion solution-processed CIGS solar cell presents a high efficiency of 16.48% with the highly improved opencircuit voltage（VOC） of 662 m V and fill factor（FF） of 75.8%. This work provides an efficient strategy to prepare high quality solution-processed CIGS films for high-performance CIGS solar cells.

关键词： Cell engineering

Engineering high-performance chemiluminescent probes via enzymatic pocket targeting: high-throughput screening for ultralong afterglow imaging of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shuai Huang Shuaige Bai Ting Luo Bin Feng Min Liu Fan Zheng Shuang Huang Yanpeng Fang Dan Ding Wenbin Zeng Xiangya school of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University College of Life Sciences Nankai University

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a highly aggressive liver malignancy and the main form of liver cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of HCC can effectively reduce mortality. Carboxylesterase （CE）-specific detection and imaging can be used for early diagnosis and image-guided surgical of HCC. However, traditional optical probes suffer from poor selectivity and low imaging signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we have constructed a series of chemiluminescent probes for carboxylesterase detection based on the strategy of enzymatic pocket-oriented steric tailoring techniques. The probes with different unique and excellent properties have been obtained through the structure-based steric hindrance adjustment on the recognition site. Here, CE-2 has been successfully used for high-throughput screening of rapid carboxylesterase inhibitors due to its extremely low detection limit (2.5×10-4U mL-1) and fast recognition ability. CE-3 has been successfully used for image-guided surgery of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma due to its ultra-long chemiluminescence imaging （over 12 h） of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study may promote advances in the rapid detection and screening of inhibitory drugs for CE and the field of surgical navigation in HCC.

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high‑Entropy Electrode Materials:Synthesis,Properties and Outlook

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 472-506页

作者： Dongxiao Li Chang Liu Shusheng Tao Jieming Cai Biao Zhong Jie Li Wentao Deng Hongshuai Hou Guoqiang Zou Xiaobo Ji College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of EngineeringXiangtan 411104People’s Republic of China

high-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two *** definition of high-entropy materials has continuously *** the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode ***,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation ***,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy *** should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy *** this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly ***,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis ***,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.

关键词： high-entropy Energy storage Electrode materials

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Multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing image classification for flood disaster monitoring

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Global Geology 2025年

作者： LI Zhu JIA Zhenyang DONG Jing LIU Zhenghong College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Dandong No.2 high school

Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause huge ***-sourceremotesensingdata,thisstudyestablished decision tree classification rules through multi-source and multi-temporal feature fusion, classified ground objects before the disaster and extracted flood information in the disaster area based on optical images during the disaster, so as to achieve rapid acquisition of the disaster situation of each disaster bearing *** the case of Qianliang Lake, which suffered from flooding in 2020, the results show that decision tree classification algorithms based on multi-temporal features can effectively integrate multi-temporal and multispectral information to overcome the shortcomings of single-temporal image classification and achieve ground-truth object classification.

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Influence of introducing Zr,Ti,Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 147-153页

作者： Junjie Li Wenbo Yu Zhenyu Sun Weichen Zheng Liangwei Zhang Yanling Xue Wenning Liu Shoumei Xiong Center of Materials Science and Engineering School of Mechanical and Electronic Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Traffic&Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China school of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

high pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile *** can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated ***,the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot *** addition,HPDC contains externally solidified crystals(ESCs),which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of *** achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al-Si alloy,we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr,Ti,Nb,and *** influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic *** results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs'size and porosity,while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased ***,large-sized Al_3(Zr,Ti)phases formed and degraded the mechanical *** introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.

关键词： aluminium alloy high-pressure die-casting externally solidified crystals non-heat treatment

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Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University school of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) school of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

Electrocatalytic selective synthesis and tandem utilization of hydroxylamine

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yuxuan Lu Hengquan Yang Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Synthesis of Coal-based High Value Chemicals Shanxi University

The transformation of renewable nitrogen feedstock to nitrogenous chemicals plays a significant role in our modern society,considering the crucial impact of nitrogenous chemicals on life sciences,biomedicine,agriculture,and *** （NH2OH）,a typical nucleophile,has been widely served as the nitrogenous feedstock to produce nitrogenous *** NH2OH synthesis methods rely on harsh reaction conditions,leading to an unfavorable environmental *** contrast,nitric oxide electroreduction promises to produce NH2OH powered by renewable *** achievements have revealed the possibility of this process,but have also identified significant *** activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by competing hydrogenation reactions,while the performance evaluation with high accuracy and reproducibility is ***,this review aims to provide insight into the mechanism of NH2OH electrosynthesis,especially regarding understanding reaction pathways and the design principle towards efficient ***,the performance evaluation parameters and standard measurement methods for NH2OH synthesis are summarized to screen efficient ***,the prospects and emerging opportunities to synthesize nitrogen-containing organic compounds by tandem reaction are *** review aims to provide a guide for evaluating and exploring efficient electrocatalytic systems for NH2OH production and utilization technology.

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