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Prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in Children ≤ 5 Years of Age in Some Conflict Hit Areas of Meme Division of the South West Region of Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 235-244页

作者： Asoba Gillian Nkeudem Ebong Fidelis Sameh Samuel Metuge Teh Rene Ning Ngede Laura Senge Sumbele Irene Ngole Department of Social Economy and Family Management Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College University of Buea Kumba Cameroon Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Malnutrition refers to the deficiency, imbalances, or excesses in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients [1]. Khan defines anaemia as below level of Haemoglobin in red blood shown by a lower number of functioning red blood cells [2]. The crisis in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon has led to several negative effects on children’s living conditions. There has been an increase in malnutrition and anaemia in the South West Region and Kumba in particular. The main objective of this study was “to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age in some conflict-hit areas of Meme Division”. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 from March to June. We recruited 200 children ≤ 5 years into the study from three hospitals. The regional hospital annex in Kumba, Presbyterian General Hospital Kumba and the Ntam Hospital in Kumba. Socio-demographic factors were assessed using questionnaire, nutritional status was assessed by the use anthropometric measurements and an auto haematology analyser was used to determine anaemia. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the study area was 40.5%. The prevalence of malnutrition varied significantly (P < 0.001) with the study sites. The overall prevalence of anaemia in the study area was 70.5%. The prevalence of anaemia was not significantly associated with the study sites. The prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age is very high in the Kumba municipalities. This could be attributed to the ongoing crisis which has caused a lot of social migrations from rural areas to Urban areas which are safer.

关键词： Malnutrition Anaemia Prevalence Conflict Hit Areas

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The Effects of Different Feeding Practices on the Nutritional Status of Infants below 12 Months Old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 336-350页

作者： Gillian Nkeudem Asoba Fidelis Sameh Ebong Samuel Metuge Etchu Kaptai Tabe Teh Rene Ning Sumbele Irene Ngole Department of Social Economy and Family Management Higher Technical Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Buea Kumba Cameroon Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.

关键词： Exclusive Breastfeeding Complementary Feeding Feeding Practices Infants Malnutrition Nutritional Status Underweight Wasted Stunting

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Optimum insulation thickness and exergy savings of building walls in Bamenda: a comparative analysis

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Energy Storage and Saving 2024年第1期3卷 60-70页

作者： Fodoup Cyrille Vincelas Fohagui Yemeli Wenceslas Kohole Njimboh Henry Alombah Derek Ajesam Asoh Ghislain Tchuen Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of TechnologyThe University of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon Department of Energetic Environment and Thermal EngineeringIUT-FV BandjounUR-ISIEUniversity of DschangP.O.Box 134BandjounCameroon National higher Polytechnic Institute and higher technical Teacher training college The University of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon

The goal of this study is to examine the energetic,entransy,and exergetic methodologies employed to estimate the ideal insulation thickness for construction walls in terms of cost and ecological impact.To achieve these goals,the life cycle cost analysis-based insulating thicknesses of the various methods are evaluated along with the overall costs,yearly cost reductions,and total expenses.The fuel consumption,CO_(2) emissions,and ecological effects are then compared using an environmental analysis based on the three methodologies.The savings of hollow concrete brick(HCB),compressed stabilized earth brick(CSEB),and sundried earth brick(SEB)walls are evaluated along with the insulation thicknesses in terms of cost and ecological impact.As a result,it is determined that the exergetic technique is better suited for optimizing insulating thickness.For CSEB,SEB,and HCB walls,the economic ideal insulation thicknesses are 0.01 m,0.016 m,and 0.02 m,with yearly financial savings of 5$⋅m^(-2),7.5$⋅m^(-2),and 9$⋅m^(-2).For CSEB,SEB,and HCB walls,accordingly,the ecological optimal insulation thicknesses are 0.023 m,0.032 m,and 0.040 m,with net savings of exergetic ecological impact equal to 59 mPts⋅m^(-2),55 mPts⋅m^(-2),and 51 mPts⋅m^(-2).

关键词： Insulation thickness Environmental impact Entransy Exergy Exergoeconomic

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Intelligent Solution System for Cloud Security Based on Equity Distribution:Model and Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1461-1479页

作者： Sarah Mustafa Eljack Mahdi Jemmali Mohsen Denden Mutasim Al Sadig Abdullah M.Algashami Sadok Turki Department of Computer Science and Information College of Science at ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates higher Institute of Computer Science and Mathematics University of MonastirMonastir5000Tunisia Mars Laboratory University of SousseSousseTunisia Department of Logistic and Maintenance UFR MIM at MetzUniversity of LorraineMetzFrance Department of Computer and Information Technologies College of Telecommunicationand Information Riyadh CTITechnical and Vocational Training Corporation TVTCRiyadh12464Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Higher Institute of Applied Sciences of SousseSousse UniversitySousse4000Tunisia

In the cloud environment,ensuring a high level of data security is in high demand.Data planning storage optimization is part of the whole security process in the cloud environment.It enables data security by avoiding the risk of data loss and data overlapping.The development of data flow scheduling approaches in the cloud environment taking security parameters into account is insufficient.In our work,we propose a data scheduling model for the cloud environment.Themodel is made up of three parts that together help dispatch user data flow to the appropriate cloudVMs.The first component is the Collector Agent whichmust periodically collect information on the state of the network links.The second one is the monitoring agent which must then analyze,classify,and make a decision on the state of the link and finally transmit this information to the scheduler.The third one is the scheduler who must consider previous information to transfer user data,including fair distribution and reliable paths.It should be noted that each part of the proposedmodel requires the development of its algorithms.In this article,we are interested in the development of data transfer algorithms,including fairness distribution with the consideration of a stable link state.These algorithms are based on the grouping of transmitted files and the iterative method.The proposed algorithms showthe performances to obtain an approximate solution to the studied problem which is an NP-hard(Non-Polynomial solution)problem.The experimental results show that the best algorithm is the half-grouped minimum excluding(HME),with a percentage of 91.3%,an average deviation of 0.042,and an execution time of 0.001 s.

关键词： Cyber-security cloud computing cloud security algorithms heuristics

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Assessement of Nutritional Status of Households Using Weighed Food Intake in North West Region of Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-26页

作者： Ebai Nee Besong Patricia Ange Gustave Mabiama Eyenga Manga Nyangono Biyegue Fernande C. Winifred Fila Ogah Eridiong O Onyenweaku University of Douala Higher Teacher Training College For Technical Education Douala Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Science University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze collected data and significance at p < 0.05 accepted. Corn fufu with huckleberry was the most frequently consumed meal with little or no animal-source protein. Protein and B group vitamins intake of respondents in both communities were below the FAO/WHO recommended values while energy, iron, and vitamins A and C were in excess for most age groups. Adolescents 10 - 19 years and adults 20 years and above failed to meet at least 85% of RNI for calcium.

关键词： Food Intake Household Nutrients Nutritional Status

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Applying Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) to Aeromagnetic Data to Estimate Depth to Magnetic Sources in the Mamfe Sedimentary Basin

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Eric N. Ndikum Charles T. Tabod Department of Physics HTTC Bambili The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Fundamental Sciences Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) Bamenda Cameroon Department of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Aeromagnetic data over the Mamfe Basin have been processed. A regional magnetic gridded dataset was obtained from the Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) data grid using a 3 × 3 convolution (Hanning) filter to remove regional trends. Major similarities in magnetic field orientation and intensities were observed at identical locations on both the regional and TMI data grids. From the regional and TMI gridded datasets, the residual dataset was generated which represents the very shallow geological features of the basin. Processing this residual data grid using the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) for magnetic depth suggests that the estimated depths to magnetic sources in the basin range from about 271 m to 3552 m. The highest depths are located in two main locations somewhere around the central portion of the study area which correspond to the area with positive magnetic susceptibilities, as well as the areas extending outwards across the eastern boundary of the study area. Shallow magnetic depths are prominent towards the NW portion of the basin and also correspond to areas of negative magnetic susceptibilities. The basin generally exhibits a variation in depth of magnetic sources with high, average and shallow depths. The presence of intrusive igneous rocks was also observed in this basin. This characteristic is a pointer to the existence of geologic resources of interest for exploration in the basin.

关键词： Mamfe Basin Aeromagnetic Data Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) Depth to Magnetic Sources

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Total Fat, Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Profiles in Fermented Beans of Ten Controlled Pollinated Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Hybrids from Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 359-373页

作者： Martin Paul Arnaud Mbida Simon Perrez Akoa Ronelle Fabiola Mbia Manga Ndjaga Jude Martine Louise Ondobo Onomo Pierre Effa Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Science Higher Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medecine University of Buea Buea Cameroon National Technology Development Committee Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Administrative Center Yaounde Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Development Corporation were used to create hybrids. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by using a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus coupled by a flame ion detector (FID). Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis was performed by upper high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Information on the impact of the genotype on the cocoa fat composition was provided. The major fatty acids (FA) in fermented samples are stearic (34.57%), palmitic (26.13%), oleic (34.13%) and linoleic (3.16%) acids. (35.05% to 35.6%). SCA12 × ICS40, SCA12 × SNK13, SNK13 × T79/501 have the least hard cocoa butters. Tocopherols analysis showed a predominance of γ-tocopherols (94.64 ± 1.51 to 292.16 ± 3.17 µg∙g−1), whereas only a small amount of β and δ-tocopherol (from 0.46 to 2.78 µg∙g−1 and 0.12 to 5.82 respectively) was observed. No γ-tocotrienol was found in fermented samples. A differentiation in terms of total fat and tocopherol content was observed amongst hybrids with the same mother-clone, suggesting an impact of pollen on these compounds.

关键词： Cocoa Hybrids Lipid Composition UHPLC GC-FID

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A Study on the Challenges of Human-Centric Cyber-Security and the Guarantee of Information Quality

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 218-231页

作者： Mohammed Hussein Kurdi Mohsen Denden David Paul Department of Cyber-Security National Events Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Information Technologies Technical College of Telecommunication and Information Riyadh TCTI Technical and Vocational Training Corporation TVTC Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Higher Institute of Applied Sciences of Sousse University of Sousse Sousse Tunisia School of Science & Technology University of New England Armidale Australia

Information security and quality management are often considered two different fields. However, organizations must be mindful of how software security may affect quality control. This paper examines and promotes methods through which secure software development processes can be integrated into the Systems Software Development Life-cycle (SDLC) to improve system quality. Cyber-security and quality assurance are both involved in reducing risk. Software security teams work to reduce security risks, whereas quality assurance teams work to decrease risks to quality. There is a need for clear standards, frameworks, processes, and procedures to be followed by organizations to ensure high-level quality while reducing security risks. This research uses a survey of industry professionals to help identify best practices for developing software with fewer defects from the early stages of the SDLC to improve both the quality and security of software. Results show that there is a need for better security awareness among all members of software development teams.

关键词： Cyber Security Development Methodology Information Quality Human-Centric SDLC Quality Assurance

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Petrology of Spinel-Lherzolite Xenoliths from Mazéléand Others Northen Xenoliths Localities of Cameroon Volcanic Line: Exchange Reactions and Equilibrium State

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第5期14卷 629-653页

作者： Nguihdama Dagwai Kamgang Pierre Mbowou Gbambié Isaac Bertrand Chazot Gilles Ngounouno Ismaïla Department of Life and Earth Sciences Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Technologies School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Meiganga Cameroon Ocean Geosciences Laboratory European University Institute of the Sea (IUEM) Brest France

The alkaline volcanism of the Cameroon Volcanic Line in its northern domain has raised many fresh enclaves of peridotites. The samples selected come from five (05) different localities (Liri, in the plateau of Kapsiki, Mazélé in the NE of Ngaoundéré, Tello and Ganguiré in the SE of Ngaoundéré and Likok, locality located in the west of Ngaoundé). The peridotite enclaves of the above localities show restricted mineralogical variation. Most are four-phase spinel-lherzolites, indicating that this is the main lithology that forms the lithospheric mantle below the shallow zone. No traces of garnet or primary plagioclase were detected, which strongly limits the depth range from which the rock fragments were sampled. The textures and the wide equilibrium temperatures (884˚C - 1115˚C) indicate also entrainment of lherzolite xenoliths from shallow depths within the lithosphere and the presence of mantle diapirism. The exchange reactions and equilibrium state established in this work make it possible to characterize the chemical composition of the upper mantle of each region and test the equilibrium state of the phases between them. Variations of major oxides and incompatible elemental concentrations in clinopyroxene indicate a primary control by partial melting. The absence of typical “metasomatic” minerals, low equilibration temperatures and enriched LREE patterns indicate that the upper mantle below septentrional crust of Cameroun underwent an event of cryptic metasomatic enrichment prior to partial melting. The distinctive chemical features, LREE enrichment, strong U, Ce and Pr, depletion relative to Ba, Nb, La, Pb, and T, fractionation of Zr and Hf and therefore ligh high Zr/Hf ratio, low La/Yb, Nb/La and Ti/Eu are all results of interaction of refractory peridotite residues with carbonatite melts.

关键词： Xenoliths Upper Mantle Northern Region Adamawa Cameroon Volcanic Line Exchange Reaction

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Strawberry (Fragaria spp.): Cultivation, Production, Consumption, and Marketing in Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 449-471页

作者： Djeuani Astride Carole Moutamal Djem Rose Theophine Derricka Mbouobda Hermann Désiré Abdoulaye Souaibou Meliga Essimi Célestine Bouopda Nono Joël Anafack Donasson Dioril Messouang Bernard Didier Ndongo III Boris Charlen Kaffo Emmanuel Kamga Fossouo Anselme Xavier Tiki Antoine Marie Kevin Nyimiebolo Bengono Audrey Maguy Manuela Diobe Motassy Adounga Samuel Brice Amama Amama Benjamin Nshanji Jones Panguepko Fendju Christophe Nzie Oussena Nguetrapouna Issofa Mpon Ikoyin Linda NKouéya Christelle Ladone Amang Amang A. Ziem Niemenak Nicolas Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Biology Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College Bambili University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Mbidjoro Sustainable Living Environment Ngaound&#233r&#233 Cameroon Cé r&#232s Agricole Yaound&#233 Cameroon KAFFO Farm Baham Cameroon Agro Ankh Dschang Cameroon Bio Farm of Lolodorf Lolodorf Cameroon Or Rouge d’ Afrique Obala Cameroon Bafoussam Farm Bafoussam Cameroon King Farms Baham Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms of Fragaria spp. from January 2021 to February 2022. The plant was introduced in Cameroon in 2018. There are 13 varieties of Fragaria spp. currently cultivated. Among these 13 varieties, eleven are hybrids of Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Camarosa”, “Chandler”, “Charlotte”, “Elsanta”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, “Ostara”, “Ruby gem” and “San Andreas”), and two of the hybrids of Fragaria vesca (“Maestro” and “Mara des bois”). The cropping system, irrigation system, and type of fertilizers applied differ from one strawberry farm to another. Biofertilizers (such as mycorrhizal), inorganic and organic fertilizers are actually used to improve production. The potential annual production of strawberries from January 2021 to February 2022, estimated based on the survey data, was 21.216 tons for all growers. Among these eight production farms, the Lolodorf BIO Farm presents 6000 kg (six tons) of strawberries and 100,000 stolons (seedlings) produced, from seven varieties of Fragaria spp. cultivated, with 6 varieties which are hybrids variety Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Chandler”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, and “Ruby gem”), and one which is a hybrid of Fragaria vesca (“Mara des bois”). Certain diseases were also observed and recorded depending on the growing areas.

关键词： Fragaria spp. Cultivation Technique Attack of Pathogens Annual Production Cameroon

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