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大型接地体性能的试验研究(英文)

高电压技术 2011年第11期37卷 2733-2738页

作者： D. Guo D. Lathi H. Griffiths N. Harid A. Ainsley A. Haddad National Grid Warwick UK high voltage energy systems group Cardiff University Cardiff UK

Analytical and numerical simulation techniques have been developed for the calculation of earth resistance/ impedance and to estimate the potential distribution in the vicinity of earth ***,very little literature is available on experimental validation of these calculation *** address this,a programme of experimental tests on various earth electrodes has been carried out at the lower water reservoir of a hydro pumped-storage power station in North *** this paper,the earthing test facility at Dinorwig power station is described including the details of the experimental set *** results from experimental tests on a 5 mX5 m earth grid,immersed in water and energized under ac,dc and impulse,are *** values of measured earth resistance/impedance and water surface potential distributions are compared with those obtained from analytical calculations and detailed numerical computer simulations.

关键词： earthing systems earth impedance resistivity surface potential distribution

SensFL:Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning with Sensitive Regularization

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 385-404页

作者： Chongzhen Zhang Zhichen Liu Xiangrui Xu Fuqiang Hu Jiao Dai Baigen Cai Wei Wang School of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Shuohuang Railway Development Co. Ltd.National Energy GroupCangzhou062350China Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation School of Computer Science and TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

In the realm of Intelligent Railway Transportation systems,effective multi-party collaboration is crucial due to concerns over privacy and data *** Federated Learning(VFL)has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate such collaboration,allowing diverse entities to collectively enhance machine learning models without the need to share sensitive training ***,existing works have highlighted VFL’s susceptibility to privacy inference attacks,where an honest but curious server could potentially reconstruct a client’s raw data from embeddings uploaded by the *** vulnerability poses a significant threat to VFL-based intelligent railway transportation *** this paper,we introduce SensFL,a novel privacy-enhancing method to against privacy inference attacks in ***,SensFL integrates regularization of the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data into the model training process,effectively limiting the information contained in shared *** reducing the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data,SensFL can effectively resist reverse privacy attacks and prevent the reconstruction of the original data from the *** experiments were conducted on four distinct datasets and three different models to demonstrate the efficacy of *** results show that SensFL can effectively mitigate privacy inference attacks while maintaining the accuracy of the primary learning *** results underscore SensFL’s potential to advance privacy protection technologies within VFL-based intelligent railway systems,addressing critical security concerns in collaborative learning environments.

关键词： Vertical federated learning privacy defenses

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实际接地系统的冲击特性试验研究(英文)

高电压技术 2011年第11期37卷 2721-2726页

作者： N.Harid M.Ahmeda H.Griffiths A.Haddad high voltage energy System group.School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityWalesUK

In this work,the results of an experimental study of the impulse characteristic of practical ground electrodes consisting of horizontal conductors of various lengths and full-scale tower footings were *** electrodes were installed at an outdoor test site having nonuniform soil,with equipment facilities for generating low-and high-magnitude impulse *** tests on the horizontal electrode were used to determine the effective length,the voltage and current distribution along the electrode length and the effect of the injection point along the *** tests on the tower footings were used to determine impulse resistance and demonstrate its non-linear variation with current *** simulations of the test electrodes using the electromagnetic field method showed good agreement with the measured result.

关键词： ground electrode impulse current ground impedance effective length horizontal electrode tower footing soil ionisation impulse resistance

Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

Modeling and Analysis of Global and Diffuse Solar Irradiation Components Using the Satellite Estimation Method of HELIOSAT

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第6期115卷 327-343页

作者： Selmin Ener Rusen Department of energy systems Engineering Academic Energy Research Group(AKEN)Karamanoglu Mehmetbey UniversityKaramanTurkey

It is very important to determine the daily horizontal global,diffuse and beam irradiations correctly in planning energy systems,in cost analysis,in the atmosphere,and in the productivity ***,the knowledge of accurate solar irradiation is the most important component of the essential climate variables according to the Global Climate Observing System(GCOS)in August *** is known that the changes of these irradiation parameters directly affect our atmosphere and cloud formation *** is one of the countries,which has high solar energy potential by reason of its climatic and regional ***,Konya and Karaman regions(in Central Anatolia Region)are seen as the most efficient area in where the solar energy systems will be *** of this reason that region has been designated as an energy Specialized Industrial Zone(ESIZ)in *** energy inputs must carefully be determined in this region where the systems will be installed with respect to the climate and energy *** this work aims to understand the components of daily solar irradiation on a horizontal surface in selected region are analyzed by using the HELIOSAT method by setting satellite *** have been determined by comparing with ground measured data and method were analyzed by using statistical *** to the seven-year data,the accuracy of the daily global and diffuse solar irradiations estimation was found acceptable ***,the estimated results reveal that this method can easily be adapted to any point in the world resembles with the Central Anatolia Region climate ***,the obtained results are significant for the simulation studies such as solar PV power plants performance,payback time,and cost of energy ***,these results can be used to increase the performance of the solar energy system and to determine long-term a road map for climate change studies.

关键词： Estimation model satellite HELIOSAT global and diffuse solar irradiation

Materials for energy conversion

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Science Bulletin 2016年第8期61卷 585-586页

作者： Ned Djilali Institute for Integrated energy systems University of Victoria Renewable energy Research group King Abdulaziz University

Advances in material science and engineering are critical to the development of economically viable technologies to address some of the grand socio-economic challenges of the twenty first *** are at the core

关键词：能量转换材料可再生能源资源太阳能电池存储技术社会经济能源转换材料科学能源需求

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in aqueous batteries (ABs):unlocking potential through innovative materials design

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Bo Han Erhai Hu Bei-Er Jia Ziyang Liu Shuen Tso Afriyanti Sumboja Ivandini T.Anggraningrum Anne Zulfia Syahrial Qingyu Yan SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute NTU (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Material Science and Engineering Research group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemistry University of Indonesia Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of materials in the field of energy storage,particularly for aqueous batteries (ABs).Distinguished by their large surface area,tuneable porosity,and adaptable chemical activity,MOFs offer significant advantages over conventional materials in battery *** article provides a thorough analysis of the crucial role that MOFs play in improving the efficiency of *** includes a concise review of the current research progress,emphasizing the fundamental processes by which MOFs enhance electrochemical ***,the review examines the synthesis and design strategies for the structure of MOFs to maximize ion transport,improve conductivity,and enhance *** structural advantages,chemical versatility,stability,durability and functionalization potential of MOFs are comprehensively ***,we explore the distinct advantages of MOFs in overcoming common challenges encountered in ABs,such as declining capacity,inadequate cycling stability,and limited energy *** paper also highlights the future research directions needed to fully harness their *** goal is to develop a fundamental understanding and stimulate further progress in the use of MOFs for advanced energy storage solutions.

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Experimental and numerical investigation of a solar eductorassisted low-pressure water desalination system

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Science Bulletin 2016年第12期61卷 959-973页

作者： Mehran Ahmadi Poovanna Thimmaiah Majid Bahrami Khaled Sedraoui Hani H.Sait Ned Djilali Laboratory for Alternative energy Conversion (LAEC) School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering Simon Fraser University Renewable energy Research group King Abdulaziz University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Integrated Energy Systems University of Victoria

Greenhouse solar-energy driven desalination technology is potentially well suited for supplying water and small scale irrigation in remote and/or rural areas, and for avoiding over-exploitation of available water resources. The efficiency and productivity of these systems are however low, in part because the heat of evaporation has to be transferred as waste heat to ambient air during condensation. In order to maximize energy regeneration during condensation we propose an educator based system that lowers the evaporation process temperature by reducing pressure. The feasibility of the educator assisted passive solar desalination system is investigated using a detailed computational fluid dynamics analysis complemented by experiments. The study focuses in particular on the ability of the new design to lower the required evaporation temperature and thereby reduce the energy intensity of the process. Two configurations, with open and closed educator, are investigated and a detailed analysis of the thermofluid processes is presented. The configuration with a closed educator installed outside the evaporation chamber shows very promising performance. The proposed system can maintain the maximum temperature and pressure in theevaporation chamber below the desirable temperature and pressure thresholds （30 ℃ and 5 kPa）. The analysis and experimental data also show it is possible to further reduce energy requirements by reducing the motive water flow rates.

关键词： Desalination. Solar energy EvaporationHumidification Dehumidification Regenerative heating

A study of PFBR auxiliary neutron source strength activation and its variability with respect to the neutron spectrum and 123Sb capture cross section

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第8期30卷 114-122页

作者： G.Pandikumar D.Sunil Kumar M.M.Shanthi Bagchi Subhrojit A.John Arul D.Venkata Subramanian Rajeev Ranjan Prasad Reactor Shielding and Data Division Department of Atomic EnergyNuclear Systems Design Group Reactor Design Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

In fast reactors, the inherent neutron source strength is often insufficient for monitoring the reactor start-up operation with ex-core detectors. To increase the subcritical neutron flux, an auxiliary neutron source subassembly(SSA) is generally used to overcome this problem. In this study, the estimated neutron source strength and detector count rate of an antimony-beryllium-based SSA are obtained using the deterministic transport code DORT and Monte Carlo calculations. Because the antimony activation rate is a critical parameter, its sensitivity to the capture cross section and neutron flux spectrum is studied. The reaction cross section sensitivity is studied by considering data from different evaluated nuclear data *** is observed that, because of the variation in the cross sections from different evaluated nuclear data files, the values of the saturation gamma(> 1.67 MeV) activity and neutron strength predicted by ORIGEN2 lie within ±2%.The obtained antimony activation rate and sensitivity to the neutron flux are partially validated by irradiating samples of antimony in the KAMINI reactor. The average onegroup capture cross sections of bare and cadmium-covered 123Sb samples obtained by the ratio method are 4.0 and 1.78 b, respectively. The results of the calculation predicting the activated neutron source strength as a function of operating time and sensitivity to the neutron spectrum in the irradiation region are also presented.

关键词： Fast reactors Neutron source Coremonitoring Neutron and gamma transport Antimonyactivation Material depletion