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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T.Moran Michael R.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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New insights on the high-corrosion resistance of UHP Mg-Ge alloys tested in a simulated physiological environment

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1026-1044页

作者： Ting Liu Xingrui Chen Jeffrey Venezuela Yuan Wang Zhiming Shi Wenyi Chen Matthew Dargusch Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineeringthe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia CSIRO Mineral Resources 1 Technology CourtPullenvaleQLD 4069Australia

UHP Mg-Ge alloys was recently found to provide excellent corrosion *** paper provides new insights on the mechanism of improved corrosion resistance of UHP Mg-Ge alloys in Hanks’*** studied UHP Mg-0.5Ge and UHP Mg-1Ge alloys showed superior corrosion resistance compared to UHP Mg and WE43,with the Mg-1Ge exhibiting the best corrosion *** exceptional corrosion resistance of the UHP alloy is attributed to(i)Mg_(2)Ge’s ability to suppress cathodic kinetics,(ii)Ge’s capability to accelerate the formation of a highly passive layer,and the(iii)low amounts of corrosion-accelerating impurities.

关键词： UHP Mg-Ge alloy Cathodic kinetics suppression Biodegradable metals In vitro corrosion Magnesium corrosion.

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The Role of Attorney’s Request as a Communication Instrument in Advocacy

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 34-41页

作者： Mykola Inshyn Rostyslav Shchokin Inna Semenets-Orlova Olha Kravchenko Maryna Barsuk Department of Labor and Social Security Law Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivKyivUkraine Department of Public Administration Interregional Academy of Personnel ManagementKyivUkraine Department of Administrative Financial and Banking LawInterregional Academy of Personnel ManagementKyivUkraine Law Enforcement and Anti-Corruption Department Interregional Academy of Personnel ManagementKyivUkraine Judge of Northern Commercial court of Appeal KyivUkraine

Background:The analysis of communication tools used in advocacy is currently a topical research problem in the context of dynamic information communication in the sociopolitical *** and Objectives:The aim of the study was to analyze the attorney’s request as a means of obtaining information by attorneys to carry out their professional *** and Methods:The research was conducted with the help of numerous methods,the method of expert interviews being the leading *** was used to single out the procedural characteristics and prospects of the attorney’s request in presentday ***:Attention is drawn to a number of issues that complicate the process of submitting attorney’s request and a proper use of this mechanism and procedure by an *** ratification of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement opens up new prospects not only for Ukrainian and European producers but also provides for interesting objectives for attorneys to consult the private sector in the process of building new ***:In this article,it was suggested to compare and analyze the issue of the attorney’s request in Ukrainian and Polish legal *** a result of the research,problems were identified,and proposals were made for a simplified procedure for submitting an attorney’s request as a communication instrument in advocacy.

关键词： Attorney’s request confidential information free legal aid legal communication legal practice

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Challenges for Expert Evidence in the Justice System of Pakistan

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第2期8卷 62-67页

作者： Nouman Rasool Muzamal Rasool Center for Professional and Applied Studies LahorePunjabPakistan high court LahorePunjabPakistan

Expert evidence is admissible under articles 59 and 164 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Ordinance,1984(Law of Evidence),in the courts of law in ***,the enacted laws and judicial precedents are inadequate to help a trial judge to get an answer to the question about the reliability and credibility of expert *** process of judicial scrutiny of the expert evidence is challenging in the absence of national guidelines/standards,nonaccreditation of crime laboratories,and poor scientific knowledge of judges and ***,the judges encounter difficulty in evaluating the knowledge and skills of an expert,validity of principles and methodologies used,application of quality management system,relatability,and reliability of expert *** facing difficulty in ascertaining the level of certitude of expert evidence,the courts accept the expert testimony only when it corroborates the prosecution's propositions,which is a kind of disservice to *** reliance of courts on expert evidence varies from case to case,which can be observed in the form of many sporadic judicial decisions.

关键词： Admissibility expert evidence forensic science justice system of Pakistan reliability

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A simple and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system permits ultra-multiplex genome editing in plants

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 569-582页

作者： Suting Wu Htin Kyaw Zhijun Tong Yirong Yang Zhiwei Wang Liying Zhang Lihua Deng Zhiguo Zhang Bingguang Xiao William Paul Quick Tiegang Lu Guoying Xiao Guannan Qin Xue'an Cui Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsMinistry of EducationCollege of AgricultureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of AgricultureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina School of Biosciences The University of SheffieldFirth CourtWestern BankSheffield S102TNUK Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunming 650021YunnanChina

The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic *** available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic *** this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software *** combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was *** plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 Multiplex genome editing Assembly system Plant

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Developmental Path of Sharing Economy and Its Countermeasures Based on Blockchain Technology

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China Finance and Economic Review 2018年第3期7卷 96-114页

作者： Rongrong Zhou Shandong high People’s court China

As a key product of the Internet Age,sharing economy is still a kind of Internet technology in ***,big data technology reuses idle resources in society to create new market ***,as a result of its unique developmental characteristics,sharing economy relying on big data technology faces various problems,such as information leakage,defective basic data and the unimproved integration with conventional *** a decentralized system and distributed database technology,blockchain is a kind of technology which links relevant data in single blocks to form a central system in a cycled chain pattern by encrypted signature *** fusion of blockchain technology and big data technology can not only conquer the bottleneck of big data technology,but also provide new methods and ideas for the development of sharing economy,so as to upgrade the developmental mode of sharing economy and promote the rapid growth of sharing economy.

关键词： big data blockchain sharing economy industrial integration

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A full-process intelligent trial system for smart court

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第2期23卷 186-206页

作者： Bin WEI Kun KUANG Changlong SUN Jun FENG Yating ZHANG Xinli ZHU Jianghong ZHOU Yinsheng ZHAI Fei WU Guanghua Law School Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310008China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Alibaba Group Hangzhou 310099China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310007China Zhejiang higher People’s court Hangzhou 310012China

In constructing a smart court,to provide intelligent assistance for achieving more efficient,fair,and explainable trial proceedings,we propose a full-process intelligent trial system(FITS).In the proposed FITS,we introduce essential tasks for constructing a smart court,including information extraction,evidence classification,question generation,dialogue summarization,judgment prediction,and judgment document ***,the preliminary work involves extracting elements from legal texts to assist the judge in identifying the gist of the case *** the extracted attributes,we can justify each piece of evidence’s validity by establishing its consistency across all *** the trial process,we design an automatic questioning robot to assist the judge in presiding over the *** consists of a finite state machine representing procedural questioning and a deep learning model for generating factual questions by encoding the context of utterance in a court ***,FITS summarizes the controversy focuses that arise from a court debate in real time,constructed under a multi-task learning framework,and generates a summarized trial transcript in the dialogue inspectional summarization(DIS)*** support the judge in making a decision,we adopt first-order logic to express legal knowledge and embed it in deep neural networks(DNNs)to predict ***,we propose an attentional and counterfactual natural language generation(AC-NLG)to generate the court’s judgment.

关键词： Intelligent trial system Smart court Evidence analysis Dialogue summarization Focus of controversy Automatic questioning Judgment prediction

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Global Challenges and Key Trends in the International Commercial Arbitration with Reference to India

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仲裁与法律 2022年第2期 158-180页

作者： Malik Javed Ansari the Supreme court of India

In coming years certain challenges will be on the way of international commercial *** will be redesigning Investor-State Dispute Settlement,third party funding,cyber security and data protection,gender and ethnic diversity,legitimacy,jurisdictional challenges,confidentiality and transparency,new challenges in the recognition and enforcement of judgments,challenges in relation to India,arbitration reforms in relation to the Asia Pacific region and efficiency in arbitral *** essay focuses on the key trends and challenges in the international commercial *** trends suggest that it will probably require creative thinking to expand arbitration in certain new areas and at the same time keep it breathing normally.

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Large intestinal dynamics differ between fowl and swine:Anatomical modifications,microbial collaboration,and digestive advantages from fibrolytic enzymes

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 160-170页

作者： Edwin T.Moran Jr. Michael R.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn UniversityAL 36830-5416USA AB Vista Woodstock CourtBlenheim RoadMarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

The large intestinal systems of fowl and swine recover nutrients from ileal indigesta by a strategically different *** with fowl enter a short colon where retro-peristalsis using urine from the urodeum carries small particulates and solutes into both ceca while coarse materials collect in the *** repetitively add fine and soluble materials into both ceca to continue fermentation until complexity of the remainder exceeds microbial action,then contents apart from faeces are entirely *** with swine initially enter a short cecum followed by a lengthy progression through to the rectal *** out-pocketings of circular muscle or haustrae occur throughout the length of the pig's cecum and helicoidal *** pocket carries contents acquired earlier in the *** collects fines and solutes into haustrae during their progression through the colon whereas coarse particulates assemble in the *** contents continually ferment during movement to the distal colon with resulting volatile fatty acids(VFA)and electrolytes being *** loosely covers the lumen surface in caeca as well as helicoidal colon that may capture microbes from active intestinal contents as well as release others to sustain *** microbial community continually modifies to accommodate fibre complexity as *** starches(RS)and simple oligosaccharides rapidly ferment to yield VFA while encouraging butyric acid in the cecum and anterior colon,whereas non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)complexity requires extended durations through the remaining colon that enhance acetic *** fibre eventually results in undue complexity for fermentation and consolidates at termination of the *** compact pellets are placed on core contents to form faeces having a nodular ***,propionic,and butyric acids represent the bulk of VFA and are derived from non-digestible *** enzymes,when supplemented

关键词： Butyric acid Endogenous protein Intestinal microbes Large intestine Volatile fatty acids Xylanase

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THE SUPREME court OF JUSTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第3期10卷 402-427页

作者： Eckart Ratz Eckart Ratz President of The Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic of Austria.

The aim of this article is to give an overview of the tasks and the function of the Supreme court of Justice in interaction with the other two ＂highest courts＇＂ of the Republic of Austria on the one hand, and the European court of Human Rights as well as the court of Justice of the European Union on the other hand. For this purpose introductory remarks will examine the Austrian understanding of the judiciary as a state power and judicial independence. The closing part of the article will particularly look into the role of the Supreme court as highest instance in criminal matters.

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