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hepatitis E: Epidemiology and prevention

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World Journal of Hepatology 2011年第12期3卷 285-291页

作者： Eyasu H Teshale Dale J Hu division of Viral hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD TB Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 United States

hepatitis E is caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted non-A hepatitis worldwide. HEV is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries, especially in many parts of Africa and Asia. The HEV is a spherical, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus that is approximately 32 nm to 34 nm in diameter and is the only member in the family Hepeviridae and genus Hepevirus. There are four distinct genotypes of HEV (genotypes 1-4). While genotype 1 is predominantly associated with large epidemics in developing countries, genotype 3 has recently emerged as a significant pathogen in developed countries. The clinical manifestations and the laboratory abnormalities of hepatitis E are not distinguishable from that caused by other hepatitis viruses. However, high mortality among pregnant women particularly during the third trimester distinguishes HEV from other causes of acute viral hepatitis. Specific etiologic diagnosis among infected cases can be made by serological testing or detection of viral nucleic acid by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Although there are vaccine candidates that had been shown to be safe and efficacious in clini-cal trials, none are approved currently for use. There is no specific therapy for acute hepatitis E as treatment remains supportive.

关键词： hepatitis E virus Acute viral hepatitis Outbreak Epidemiology Serology Prevention

EFFECT OF HEPATIC STIMULATOR SUBSTANCE (HSS) EXTRACTED FROM FETAL LIVER ON THE PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN ALEXENDER HEPATOMA CELLS

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 1991年第4期3卷 55-58页

作者：单英张振生熊诗松买凯 hepatitis division Henan Institute of Medical Sciences Henan Medical University Zhengzhou

It's reported that hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) was extracte from the fetal liver of 4 - 6 months of fetus, and that the effect of HSS on the proliferation of human Alexender hepatoma cells was studied in this paper. The results showed that proliferation of Alexender cells varied with the amount of HSS in the culture medium, and the former was positively correlated with the latter significantly (P<0. 01). The study indicated that HSS from the fetal liver can stimulate the proliferation of human Alexender hepatoma cells.

关键词： HSS fetal liver hepatoma cell line.

LABORATORY TEST OF SERUM SAMPLES FROM VARIOUS FORMS OF LIVER DISEASE ON THE e SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH hepatitis B

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1979年第10期92卷 709-718页

作者：买凯谢长义 hepatitis division Henan Medical College and Provincial Institute of Medical SciencesZhengzhou

Serum samples from asymptomatic HBsAgcarriers and patients with various forms ofliver diseases were studied by agar gel diffu-sion technique for the incidence rate of esystem and correlation with other markers ofHBV infection.5% of eAg and 30% of cab in181 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 24% ofeAg and 0.7% of eAb in 583 cases with variousforms of liver diseases were *** eAg was associated with DNA-polymeraseactivity and in the majority of circulating Daneparticles.91% of e system positive sera be-longed to AD-subtype of HBsAg which hadbeen reported to be the dominating subtypeof HBsAg in this part of the country,99% eAg-positive sera of 11 HBsAg(+)liver cancers and50% eAb in 2 such cases tested had high level(80,000 ng)of AFP in their *** AFPwas detected in 66% of 18 HBsAg(+).eAg(+)chronic hepatitis patients and in 20% of 20HBsAg(+).eAg(+)healthy carriers,the levelof AFP was very low(>100ng).Anti-HBc was detected in 100% ofHBsAg(+).eAg(+)sera tested,and DNA-polymerase activity(hepatitis and cab does so only withasymptomatic HBsAg carriers,and that anti-HBc is a sensitive indicator of HBV infection,regardless of whether e system is present *** is noticeable that both eAg and eAbwere associated with HBsAg(+)primary he-patocellular *** generation of e system and results ofour e system test in comparison with that ofothers are briefly discussed.

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Association of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Sarcopenia in Liver Cirrhosis Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第7期12卷 613-624页

作者： Akitoshi Sano Jun Inoue Eiji Kakazu Masashi Ninomiya Mio Tsuruoka Kosuke Sato Masazumi Onuki Satoko Sawahashi Keishi Ouchi Atsushi Masamune division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan Department of Liver Disease The Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaChibaJapan

Background and Aims:Sarcopenia is associated with the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Given their diverse physiological activities,we hypothesized that plasma fatty acids might influence the progression of *** study aimed to clarify the association between fatty acids and sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients with ***:In this singlecenter retrospective study,we registered 516 cases and analyzed 414 cases of liver cirrhosis and *** skeletal muscle mass index was measured using a transverse computed tomography scan image at the third lumbar *** cutoff value for sarcopenia followed the criteria set by the Japan Society of *** acid concentrations were measured by gas ***:Fatty acid levels,particularly omega-3(n-3)polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),were lower in patients with poor liver function(Child-Pugh grade B/C)and were negatively correlated with the albumin-bilirubin score(p<0.0001).The prognosis of HCC patients with low PUFA levels was significantly *** the different fatty acid fractions,only n-3 PUFAs significantly correlated with skeletal muscle mass index(p=0.0026).In the multivariate analysis,the n-3 PUFA level was an independent variable associated with sarcopenia(p=0.0006).Conclusions:A low level of n-3 PUFAs was associated with sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Sarcopenia Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acids Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Central nervous system vasculitis and polyneuropathy as first manifestations of hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第2期18卷 188-191页

作者： Roberto J Carvalho-Filho Janaína Luz Narciso-Schiavon Luciano HL Tolentino Leonardo L Schiavon Maria Lucia G Ferraz Antonio Eduardo B Silva division of Gastroenterology Hepatitis SectionFederal University of Sao Paulo04037-003 Sao PauloBrazil

Sensory or motor peripheral neuropathy may be observed in a significant proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected ***,central nervous system (CNS) involvement is uncommon,especially in cryoglobulin-negative *** describe a case of peripheral neuropathy combined with an ischemic CNS event as primary manifestations of chronic HCV infection without *** improvement was observed after antiviral *** discuss the spectrum of neurological manifestations of HCV infection and review the literature.

关键词： hepatitis C Central nervous system Poly-neuropathy Interferon-α

Acute liver failure and death predictors in patients with dengueinduced severe hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第33期26卷 4983-4995页

作者： Tongluk Teerasarntipan Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Piyawat Komolmit Pisit Tangkijvanich Sombat Treeprasertsuk Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn Universityand Thai Red CrossBangkok 10330Thailand Department of Biochemistry Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver CancerFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand

BACKGROUND Liver injury in patients with dengue infection is *** patients have mild and transient *** liver failure(ALF)in dengue infection is rare but results in an extremely poor *** To identify prognostic predictors of ALF and death in patients with dengueinduced severe hepatitis(DISH).METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 2311 serologically confirmed adolescent and adult dengue patients who were hospitalized during a 12-year study period(between 2007 and 2019)at the university hospital of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital,Bangkok,*** with DISH[n=134(5.80%)],defined as a baseline transaminase>10 times the normal reference cut-off level,and DISH with subsequent ALF as defined by the American Association for the Study of the Liver Diseases 2011 criteria[n=17(0.74%)],were *** of ALF and in-hospital death were identified using logistic regression *** Of the 151 dengue-infected patients with severe liver injury or ALF,51%were female,with a mean age of 27.9±14.5 *** leakage syndrome(CLS)occurred in 68.2%(n=103)of DISH and 100%of ALF *** mortality rate was low in DISH patients(0.8%)but was remarkably high if ALF developed(58.8%).In univariate analysis,age,sex,hematocrit,white blood count,atypical lymphocyte count,platelet count,international normalized ratio(INR),bilirubin,serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase,serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,albumin,creatinine,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score,presence of liver comorbidity and presence of CLS were identified as potential prognostic parameters for ALF or *** multivariate analysis,the MELD score remained the only predictor of ALF with an adjusted odds ratio(aOR)of 1.3[95%confidence interval(CI):1.1-1.5;P=<0.001].An initial MELD score≥15 was associated with ALF from DISH with an area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)of 0.91,88.2%sensitivity and 87.3%***

关键词： Dengue Liver failure hepatitis Prognosis Mortality Predictor

hepatitis C virus control among persons who inject drugs requires overcoming barriers to care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 7846-7851页

作者： Marija Zeremski Jon E Zibbell Anthony D Martinez Steven Kritz Bryce D Smith Andrew H Talal division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNY 10065 United States division of Viral hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333United States division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14203 United States Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation Brooklyn NY 11201 United States

Despite a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,the vast majority of persons who inject drugs(PWID)have not engaged in HCV care due to a large number of *** about the infection among both PWID and providers remains an important challenge as does discrimination faced by PWID in conventional health care *** providers also remain hesitant to prescribe antiviral therapy due to concerns about adherence and relapse to drug use resulting in ***,however,as a result of improvements in treatment efficacy combined with professional society and government endorsement of HCV treatment for PWID,a pressing need exists to develop strategies to engage these individuals into HCV *** this article,we propose several strategies that can be pursued in an attempt to engage PWID into HCV *** advocate that multidisciplinary approaches that utilize health care practitioners from a wide range of specialties,as well as co-localization of medical services,are strategies likely to result in increased numbers of PWID entering into HCV *** of HCV therapy after stabilization through drug treatment is an additional strategy likely to increase PWID engagement into HCV *** full impact of direct acting antivirals for HCV will only be realized if innovative approaches are pursued to engage all HCV infected individuals into treatment.

关键词： Treatment of hepatitis C Viral infection Human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis C virus coinfection Persons who inject drugs Obstacles to treatment

Outreach onsite treatment with a simplified pangenotypic directacting anti-viral regimen for hepatitis C virus micro-elimination in a prison

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第2期28卷 263-274页

作者： Chun-Ting Chen Ming-Ying Lu Meng-Hsuan Hsieh Pei-Chien Tsai Tsai-Yuan Hsieh Ming-Lun Yeh Ching-I Huang Yi-Shan Tsai Yu-Min Ko Ching-Chih Lin Kuan-Yu Chen Yu-Ju Wei Po-Yao Hsu Cheng-Ting Hsu Tyng-Yuan Jang Ta-Wei Liu Po-Cheng Liang Ming-Yen Hsieh Zu-Yau Lin Chung-Feng Huang Jee-Fu Huang Chia-Yen Dai Wan-Long Chuang Yu-Lueng Shih Ming-Lung Yu division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineTri-Service General Hospital Penghu BranchNational Defense Medical CenterPenghu County 88041Taiwan division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490Taiwan division of Hepatobiliary Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis CenterKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung 80708Taiwan School of Medicine and hepatitis Research Center College of Medicineand Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708Taiwan National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung 912Taiwan

BACKGROUND Prisoners are at risk of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,especially among the people who inject drugs(PWID).We implemented an outreach strategy in combination with universal mass screening and immediate onsite treatment with a simplified pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals(DAA)regimen,12 wk of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir,in a PWID-dominant prison in *** To implement an outreach strategy in combination with universal mass screening and immediate onsite treatment with a simplified pan-genotypic DAA regimen in a PWID-dominant prison in *** HCV-viremic patients were recruited for onsite treatment program for HCV micro-elimination with a pangenotypic DAA regimen,12 wk of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir,from two cohorts in Penghu Prison,either identified by mass screen or in outpatient clinics,in September *** group of HCV-viremic patients identified sporadically in outpatient clinics before mass screening were enrolled as a control *** primary endpoint was sustained virological response(SVR12,defined as undetectable HCV ribonucleic acid(RNA)12 wk after end-of-treatment).RESULTS A total of 212 HCV-viremic subjects were recruited for HCV micro-elimination campaign;91 patients treated with sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir before mass screening were enrolled as a *** HCV microelimination group had significantly lower proportion of diabetes,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,advanced fibrosis and chronic kidney diseases,but higher levels of HCV *** SVR12 rate was comparable between the HCV microelimination and control groups,95.8%(203/212)vs 94.5%(86/91),respectively,in intent-to-treat analysis,and 100%(203/203)vs 98.9%(86/87),respectively,in perprotocol *** was no virological failure,treatment discontinuation,and serious adverse event among sofosbuvir/velpatasvir-treated patients in the HCV micro-elimination *** Outreach mass screening followed by immediate onsite treatment with a simplified pange

关键词： Direct-acting antivirals Sofosbuvir Velpatasvir People who inject drugs Universal screen

Modified albumin-bilirubin predicted survival of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第10期15卷 1771-1783页

作者： Huttakan Navadurong Thaninee Prasoppokakorn Nanicha Siriwong Chonlada Phathong Nattaya Teeyapun Suebpong Tanasanvimon Kessarin Thanapirom Piyawat Komolmit Pisit Tangkijvanich Sombat Treeprasertsuk Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand The Thai Red Cross Society Bangkok 10330Thailand Department of Medicine Division of OncologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Center of Excellence in hepatitis and Liver Cancer Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology Division of GastroenterologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand

BACKGROUND Modified albumin-bilirubin(mALBI)grade has been established as a survival determinant in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients who receive locoregional and targeted *** To investigate whether mALBI could predict survival in unresectable HCC(uHCC)patients who were treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab(AB).METHODS A single-center,retrospective cohort study enrolled uHCC patients who received AB treatment between September 2020 and April 2023 and were followed up until June *** association between mALBI and patient survival was determined using Cox proportional hazards *** Of the 83 patients,67 patients(80.7%)were male with the mean age of 60.6 *** them,22 patients(26.5%)were classified as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B,and 61 patients(73.5%)were classified as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer *** was present in 76 patients(91.6%),with 58 patients classified as Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)A and 18 as CTP *** median overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival were 13.0 mo[95%confidence interval(CI):5.2-20.8]and 9.0 mo(95%CI:5.0-13.0),*** patients were divided into two groups based on mALBI grades:42 patients(50.6%)in the mALBI 1+2a group;and 41 patients(49.4%)in the mALBI 2b+3 *** the median follow-up period of 7.0 mo,the mALBI 1+2a group exhibited significantly better survival compared to the mALBI 2b+3 group,with a median OS that was not reached vs 3.0 mo(95%CI:0.1-6.0,P<0.001).In a subgroup of patients with CTP A,the mALBI 1+2a group also showed significantly longer survival compared to the mALBI 2b+3 group,with a median OS that was not reached vs 6.0 mo(95%CI:3.4-8.6,P<0.001).In the multivariate analysis,both CTP class and mALBI grade were independently associated with survival,with adjusted hazard ratios(95%CI)of 2.63(1.19-5.78,P=0.020)and 3.90(1.71-8.90,P=0.001),*** mALBI grades can determine survival of uHCC patients receiving AB treatment,particularly those who

关键词： Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab Modified albumin-bilirubin grade Immunotherapy Liver function