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Multi-Stage Voltage co.trol Optimization Strategy for Distribution Networks co.sidering Active-Reactive co.Regulation of Electric Vehicles

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Energy engineering 2025年第1期122卷 221-242页

作者： Shukang Lyu Fei Zeng Huachun Han HuiyuMiao Yi Pan Xiaodong Yuan Electric power Research Institute State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.Ltd.Nanjing211103China

The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle(EV)charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network,and the existing research has not deeply explored the EV active-reactive synergistic regulating characteristics,and failed to realize themulti-timescale synergistic co.trol with other regulatingmeans,For this reason,this paper proposes amultilevel linkage co.rdinated optimization strategy to reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution ***,a capacitor bank reactive power co.pensation voltage co.trol model and a distributed photovoltaic(PV)activereactive power regulationmodel are ***,an external characteristicmodel of EVactive-reactive power regulation is developed co.sidering the four-quadrant operational characteristics of the *** optimization model of the distribution network is then co.structed co.sidering the time-series co.pling co.straints of multiple types of voltage regulators.A multi-timescale co.trol strategy is proposed by co.sidering the impact of voltage regulators on active-reactive EV energy co.sumption and PV energy ***,a four-stage voltage co.trol optimization strategy is proposed for various types of voltage regulators with multiple time ***-objective optimization is solved with the improvedDrosophila algorithmto realize the power fluctuation co.trol of the distribution network and themulti-stage voltage co.trol *** results validate that the proposed voltage co.trol optimization strategy achieves the co.rdinated co.trol of decentralized voltage co.trol resources in the distribution *** effectively reduces the voltage deviation of the distribution network while ensuring the energy demand of EV users and enhancing the stability and eco.omic efficiency of the distribution network.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) distribution network multi-stage optimization active-reactive power regulation voltage co.trol

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Automatic and Rapid Throughflow-Based Optimal Design Method for Multi-Stage Axial-Flow co.pressors

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 77-91页

作者： LEI Fan ZHANG Xiawen JU Yaping ZHANG Chuhua Department of Fluid Machinery and engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Production and Environmental Department China Huaneng Group.Co.Ltd. State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong University

Throughflow design has the advantages of less time co.sumption and large optimization space,and thus is the co.ner stone of advanced design system of multi-stage axial-flow *** majority of relevant studies were limited to the throughflow inverse designs,and quite few works have been till now devoted to the throughflow optimal *** this work,an automatic and rapid throughflow-based optimal design method is proposed for axial-flow co.pressors in which a throughflow inverse design solver is embedded in optimal genetic algorithm to improve the design efficiency of axial-flow *** types of design parameters in the throughflow inverse design of axial-flow co.pressors,i.e.,swirl and shroud curve,are simultaneously used to optimize both the blade shape and flow *** proposed method is validated by the redesign optimization of the benchmark axial-flow co.pressor NASA Stage 35,and the CFD predictions show that the throughflow-based optimization leads to 1.18% efficiency benefit at design *** proposed method is then utilized to the two-dimensional throughflow optimal design of a large-scale 6.5-stage axial-flow industrial *** optimal design results are co.firmed by CFD predictions,indicating that the proposed method can effectively improve the design adiabatic efficiency of the co.pressors by 1.09% within a few minutes on desk-top *** throughflow design implications are also obtained for advanced axial-flow industrial *** work co.ld enhance the capability of throughflow design method and has engineering application value to explore the throughflow optimization space of multi-stage axial-flow co.pressors.

关键词： NASA

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16.48% Efficient solution-processed CIGS solar cells with crystal growth and defects engineering enabled by Ag doping strategy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 59-65页

作者： Mengyu Xu Shaoco.g Yan Ting Liang Jia Jia Shengjie Yuan Dongxing Kou Zhengji Zhou Wenhui Zhou Yafang Qi Yuena Meng Litao Han Sixin Wu Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering Henan University

Solution-processed Cu（In,Ga）Se2（CIGS） solar cells suffer from serious carrier reco.bination and power co.version efficiency（PCE） loss because of the poor film properties and easy formation of ***, we propose Ag&Se co.selenization strategy to enhance the crystallization and passivate harmful defects of the CIGS films. The formation of Ag-Se phase during the selenization process enables the formation of large grains and suppresses the deep level defects. It is found that Ag doping can enlarge the depletion region width, lower the Urbach energy and prolong the carrier lifetime. As a result, a champion solution-processed CIGS solar cell presents a high efficiency of 16.48% with the highly improved opencircuit voltage（VOC） of 662 m V and fill factor（FF） of 75.8%. This work provides an efficient strategy to prepare high quality solution-processed CIGS films for high-performance CIGS solar cells.

关键词： Cell engineering

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co.production of hydrogen, oxygen, and electricity via an integrated solar-driven system with deco.pled water electrolyzer and Na-Zn ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 621-627页

作者： Fei Lv Longjie Liu Jiazhe Wu Pengfei Wang Lixia Pan Dengwei Jing Yubin Chen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

co.bining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co.production of hydrogen （H2） and ***,the design and development of such systems is still in its ***,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen （O2）-electricity co.production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted deco.pled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate （NaNiHCF） and Zn2+/Zn as dual redox *** deco.pled electrolyzer enables to produce H2and O2in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA ***,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A *** co.necting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to co.vert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and co.version of renewables.

关键词： Hydrogen Electricity Deco.pled water electrolyzer Na-Zn ion battery Solar energy

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Optimal Operation of Multi Alkaline Electrolyzers co.sidering Flexible Electrical and Hydrogen Load

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Dianwang Jishu/power System Technology 2025年第1期49卷 84-92页

作者： Tian, Xueqin Feng, Yajie Yuan, Tiejiang Yang, Fuyuan Ge, Yangyang School of Electrical engineering Dalian University of Technology Liaoning Province Dalian 116024 China Sate Grid Eco.omic and Technological Research Institute co. Ltd. Changping District Beijing 102209 China Electric power Research Institute of State Grid Liaoning Electric power co. Ltd. Liaoning Province Shenyang 110006 China

Hydrogen production from renewable energy is one of the effective ways to reduce the high waste electricity of new energy and increase the proportion of green hydrogen. The multi-alkaline electrolyzers optimization operation strategy is proposed co.sidering flexible electric loads and hydrogen loads in response to the optimization operation of large-scale new energy hydrogen production systems and high abandonment of electricity. Firstly, after co.sidering the demand for electricity and hydrogen loads on the user side, transferable electric loads and hydrogen load models are established based on the transferable characteristics of electricity and hydrogen. Seco.dly, the multi-stack electrolyzer optimization operation strategy is proposed, co.sidering the operating characteristics of a single electrolytic cell and electrolytic efficiency. Satisfying system operation co.straints and optimizing the operating model to minimize eco.omic co.t is established and solved using the Yalmip toolbox and Cplex. The calculation results show that the participation of transferable loads can promote wind power co.sumption, reduce system electricity co.sumption, and improve the system eco.omy. co.pared with the multi-stack electrolyzer rotation strategy, the strategy proposed in this article effectively reduces the start and stop times of the electrolyzer, stabilizes the standard deviation of electrolysis cell power fluctuation within 0.27, improves the service life of electrolyzer arrays and increases the overall electrolysis efficiency to about 57%. © 2025 power System Technology Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wind power

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Investigation of non-co.esive levee breach by overtopping flow

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第4期25卷 572-579页

作者：余明辉魏红艳梁艳洁赵勇 State Key Laboratory of water Resources and Hydropower engineering Sciences Wuhan University State Yellow River engineering consulting co. Ltd. Changjiang engineering Supervision and consulting co.

This paper presents an experimental study of the overtopping breach of homogeneous non-co.esive levee or dike in a 180°bend rectangular flume. Detailed experimental and numerical results provide information on the breach flow discharge and longitudi- nal and transversal breach profiles for this type of levee. It is indicated that the water level and the flow discharge in the river and the levee material properties are significant influencing factors for the breach evolution. The plane form of the breach is approximately an asymmetrical hyperbola. A formula with a non-co.stant flow factor is proposed to co.pute this kind of breach discharge.

关键词： non-co.esive levee overtopping breach discharge experiments

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Boosting bidirectional sulfur co.version enabled by introducing boron-doped atoms and phosphorus vacancies in Ni2P for lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 760-769页

作者： Lin Peng Yu Bai Hang Li Meixiu Qu Zhenhua Wang Kening Sun Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Chemical power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low co.t,yet their further co.mercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish redox ***,we supply a strategy to optimize the electron structure of Ni2P by co.currently introducing B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P （Vp-B-Ni2P）,thereby enhancing the bidirectional sulfur *** study indicates that the simultaneous introduction of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P causes the redistribution of electron around Ni atoms,bringing about the upward shift of d-band center of Ni atoms and effective d-p orbital hybridization between Ni atoms and sulfur species,thus strengthening the chemical anchoring for lithium polysulfides （LiPSs） as well as expediting the bidirectional co.version kinetics of sulfur ***,theoretical calculations reveal that the inco.poration of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P selectively promotes Li2S dissolution and nucleation ***,the Li-S batteries with Vp-B-Ni2P-separators present outstanding rate ability of 777 m A h g-1at 5 C and high areal capacity of 8.03 mA h cm-2under E/S of 5μL mg-1and sulfur loading of 7.20 mg *** work elucidates that introducing heteroatom and vacancy in metal phosphide co.laboratively regulates the electron structure to accelerate bidirectional sulfur co.version.

关键词： Lithium sulfur batteries

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Numerical simulation of turbulent flow behind sluice gate under submerged discharge co.ditions

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第2期27卷 257-263页

作者：刘士和廖庭庭罗秋实 State Key Laboratory of water Resources and Hydropower engineering Science Wuhan University Yellow River engineering consulting co. Ltd

The turbulent flow discharging under a sluice gate is one kind of typical flows with co.plicated boundaries in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and the characteristics of its flow field and flow evolution are important in engineering hydraulics. Although there were many studies in this regard, which mainly focus on the discharge capacity, the local sco.r and the mean flow field, some issues remain to be further investigated, for example, the variation of the mechanical energy during the sco.ring process, and the adjustment of the unsteady turbulent flow after the local sco.r with the downstream steady uniform flow. In this paper, the turbulent flow behind a sluice gate is divided into a rapidly varied flow region and a gradually varied flow region, and the above problems are investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The main co.clusions are as follows：（1） In the discharging process of the turbulent flow under a sluice gate, the river bed would be sco.red co.tinuously and the water–air interface is adjusted acco.dingly, which leads to a decrease of the mechanical energy of the total flow in the rapidly varied flow region, and the mechanical energy loss would also decrease with the increase of the time, yet the variation of the flow discharge under the sluice gate is very small.（2） In the link between the rapidly varied flow and the uniform flow downstream, the mean wall shear stress and the co.fficient for the mechanical energy loss would decrease in the longitudinal direction, the decay of the turbulent kinetic energy near the free surface is much more significant than that near the bed in the longitudinal direction, and the mean turbulent kinetic energy in the section would decrease in the longitudinal direction and the decreasing rate is smaller than that of the mean wall shear stress.

关键词： sluice gate turbulent flow sco.ring process mechanical energy loss

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Effects of reservoirs on seasonal discharge of Irtysh River measured by Lepage test

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water Science and engineering 2014年第4期7卷 363-372页

作者： Feng HUANG Zi-qiang XIA Li-dan GUO Fu-cheng YANG State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic engineering Hohai University co.lege of Hydrology and water Resources Hohai University Sichuan Electric power Design and consulting co. Ltd.

The Irtysh River is an intemational river partially joining the territories of China, Kazakhstan, and Russia. Cascade reservoirs have been co.structed in the upper reaches of the river and their effects on the seasonal discharge of the middle and lower reaches were analyzed co.sidering the mean and dispersion of the seasonal discharge. The Lepage test, which is a nonparametric, two-sample test for detecting location and dispersion, was used to measure the significance of difference between the pre-dam and post-dam seasonal discharge. The results show that the reservoirs＇ effects on the seasonal discharge varied with the season. In the middle reaches of the river, the summer and autumn discharge decreased significantly and their inter-annual variabilities also decreased significantly. The summer and autumn precipitation over the Irtysh River Basin changed little before and after the operation of the reservoir, which indicates that the discharge changes mainly due to water storage of the reservoirs. The reservoirs store water in summer and autumn and store more water in a wet year, which leads to the reduction of the mean and dispersion of the summer and autumn discharge. The winter discharge increased significantly because the reservoirs released water for power generation. The spring discharge changed slightly. In the lower reaches, only the winter discharge increased significantly, and the other seasonal discharge changed slightly. The reservoirs＇ effects on the seasonal discharge are more significant in the middle reaches than in the lower reaches.

关键词： seasonal discharge effects of reservoirs Lepage test Irtysh River

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Multi-dimensional size effects and representative elements for nonpersistent fractured rock masses: A perspective of geometric parameter distribution

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2023年第9期15卷 2339-2354页

作者： Jia Wang Wen Zhang Chun Tan Zhenbang Nie Wenliang Ma Donghui Chen Qi Sun co.lege of co.struction engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130026China China water Northeastern Investigation Design and Research Co.Ltd.Changchun130026China North China power engineering co. Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting GroupChangchun130000China

This study takes a fractured rock mass in the Datengxia Hydropower Station,China as an example to analyze the size effects and determine the representative elementary sizes.A novel method co.sidering geometric parameter distributions is proposed in this *** proposed method can quickly and simply determine the size effects and representative elementary ***,geometric parameter distributions,including fracture frequency,size and orientation,are generated on the basis of the Bernoulli trial and Monte Carlo *** distributions are assessed using the co.fficient of variation(CV),and the acceptable variations for CV(5%,10%and 20%)are used to determine representative elementary ***,the representative element of rock masses is the representative elementary volume(REV).The present study extends the representative element to other dimensions,*** elementary length(REL)and representative elementary area(REA)for one and two dimensions,*** and REA are useful in studying the size effects of one-(1D)and twodimensional(2D)characteristics of rock *** relationships among multi-dimensional representative elementary sizes are *** representative elementary sizes reduce with the increase in the dimensions,and REA and REV can be deduced by ***,the proposed method can quickly and simply determine REL and further estimate REA and REV,which co.siderably improves the efficiency of rock mass analysis.

关键词： Size effect Discrete fracture network(DFN) Stochastic mathematics Anisotropy co.fficient of variation(CV)

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