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Science Bulletin 2020年第13期65卷 1125-1136页

作者：苏艳军郭庆华胡天宇关宏灿金时超安沙舟陈学林郭柯郝占庆胡远满黄永梅江明喜李家湘李振基李先琨李小伟梁存柱刘仁林刘庆倪宏伟彭少麟沈泽昊唐志尧田兴军王希华王仁卿谢宗强谢应忠徐小牛杨小波杨永川喻理飞岳明张峰马克平 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Pratacultural and environmental Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University College of Life Science Northwest Normal University Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry & Technology College of Life Sciences Xiamen University Guangxi Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Agricultural College Ningxia University School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Institute of Navel Orange School of Life and Environmental Science Gannan Normal University Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes Peking University School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University School of Life Sciences Shandong University Department of Forest Science Anhui Agricultural University Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College of Material and Chemical Engineering Hainan University Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment

植被图是生物多样性保护、生态学研究、植被管理与恢复和国家决策的重要辅助信息源.我国上一代植被图,即中国植被图(1:1000000),是由逾250位生态学家组成的团队自20世纪80年代花了20多年完成的.但是,随着过去30多年间的快速发展,我国的... 详细信息

植被图是生物多样性保护、生态学研究、植被管理与恢复和国家决策的重要辅助信息源.我国上一代植被图,即中国植被图(1:1000000),是由逾250位生态学家组成的团队自20世纪80年代花了20多年完成的.但是,随着过去30多年间的快速发展,我国的植被分布与植被类型发生了剧烈的变化,对上一代植被图进行现实性更新已成为迫在眉睫的需求.本文使用了一种"众源采集—变化检测—遥感分类—专家审核"的策略尝试对中国植被图(1:1000000)进行现实性更新.本研究共收集了203024条地面调查数据,并有50余位植被生态学家参与到专家审核的工作中.更新后的植被图包含12个植被型组、55个植被(亚)型和866个(亚)群系类别,精度在植被型组、植被(亚)型和(亚)群系水平上分别为64.8%, 61%和40%.与上一代植被图相比,过去30多年间的人类活动和气候变化导致了我国约330万km2植被类型发生了变化.更新后的植被图将会有助于理解和管理我国的陆地生态系统.

关键词： Vegetation map Crowdsource Remote sensing Update

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Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Film on Stainless Steel Wire and Bioaerosol Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation

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Journal of environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第9期4卷 455-466页

作者： Alfonso Espitia Cabrera Jose Luis Contreras Larios IlyaEspitia-Cabrera Ma-Teresa Nunez Cardona Doris Neri Cortes Luis Raul Tovar Galvez Energy Department Metropolitan Autonomous University Azcapotzalco 02200 Mexico Chemical Engineering School Michoacan University of San Nicolas of Hidalgo Morelia 58030 Mexico Man and lts Environment Department Metropolitan Autonomous University Xochimilco 04960 Mexico Biochemistry Department Biological Sciences National School National Polytechnic Institute Mexico D.F. 07738 Mexico Interdisciplinary centre of research and Studies on Environment and Development National Polytechnic Institute Mexico D.F.07340 Mexico

ZnO thin films were prepared by electrophoretic deposition on stainless steel wire sieve, using zinc acetate as a precursor. The film was sintered and characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, X-Ray Diffraction （XRD） and chemisorption of oxygen. A culture bacterial consortium composed by gram negative rod-shaped microbes was prepared in a liquid agar in a flask. It was transported by air through a reactor equipped with a UV lamp with 3 and 5 sieves of a stainless steel wire coated with ZnO film. It was exposed in continuous in five experiments to photocatalytic advanced oxidation. The experiments showed a total efficiency for colony forming unit reduction of a maximum of 99.66% for a residence time of 20 seconds with 5 stainless steel wire where exposed in continuous to UV. Also they were evaluated at 7.5 seconds, observing that the contribution of residence time and amount of catalytic for the CFU reduction was quite similar. Variance analysis showed that the efficiency was significant with the no parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with P 〈 0.05. This technology could be used to clean indoor air of closed environments such as hospitals, crowded buildings or public transportation systems where airborne bacteria has been documented.

关键词： Photocatalytic oxidation ZnO thin film antibacterial activity ZnO film on stainless steel wire. I

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The ecology of sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 183-191页

作者： Martin LAPORTE Patrick BERREBI Julien CLAUDE Dolors VINYOLES Quim Pou-RoVIRA Jean-Claude RAYMOND Pierre MAGNAN lnstitut des Sciences de I'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM) UMR 5554 UM2-CNRS-IRD Universite de Montpellier II CC065 Place E. Bataillon Montpellier Cedex 534095 France Departement de Biologie Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes (IBIS) Universite Laval Quebec Quebec City Canada G1V 0A6 Department of Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain Sorello estudis al medi aquatic Placa St. Pere 15 Baixos 17007 Girona Spain Office National de I'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques (0NEMA) Unite Specialisee Milieux Lacustres Pisciculture de Rives 13 Quai de Rives Thonon-les-Bains 74200 France centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants-ecosystemes aquatiques (RIVE) Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres C. P. 500 Trois-Rivieres Quebec City Canada G9A 5H7

Sexual selection is considered the major cause of sexual dimorphism, but recent observations suggest that natural selection may play a more important role in the evolution of sex differentiation than previously recognized. Therefore, studying the trade-offs between natural selection and sexual selection is crucial to a better understanding of the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis, a fish inhabiting lakes and rivers around the Mediterranean Sea, displays strong sexual dimorphism in size, shape, and behavior （i.e., larger body and head size for males and higher swimming requirements for females during the reproductive period）. We tested for differences in sexual dimorphism in size and shape between the populations from lake and river habitats with the goal of identifying the trade-offs between natural and sexual se- lection that underlie variations in sexual dimorphism in this species. Our results show i） differences in sexual size dimorphism （SSizeD） in accordance to Rensch＇s rule （i.e., larger individuals in rivers associated with higher SSizeD）, and ii） a decrease in shape differentiation between males and fe- males in lake populations. Together, this suggests that the different environmental conditions between lake and river habitats （e.g., resource limitations, predation pressure, water velocity） affect the relative importance of sexual selection in the display of sexual dimorphism within the species. This study highlights the importance of considering the environmental conditions to which populations are exposed to better understand the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

关键词： evolutionary ecology geometric morphometrics phenotype-environment interaction Rensch's rule sexual dimorphism.

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The allocation between egg size and clutch size depends on local nest survival rate in a mean of bet-hedging in a shorebird

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Avian research 2020年第4期11卷 465-474页

作者： Zitan Song Xin Lin Pinjia Que Naerhulan Halimubieke Qin Huang Zhengwang Zhang Tamás Székely Yang Liu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol College of Ecology/School of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Milner centre for Evolution Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBath BA17AYUK Department of Evolutionary Zoology University of DebrecenDebrecen 4032Hungary

Background:The allocation of resources between offspring size and number is a central question of life-history *** several studies have tested the existence of this trade-off,few studies have investigated how environmental variation influences the allocation of resources to offspring size and offspring ***,the relationship between population dynamics and the offspring size and number allocation is far less ***:We investigate whether resource allocation between egg size and clutch size is influenced by the ambient temperature and whether it may be related to apparent nest survival *** measured 1548 eggs from 541 nests of two closely related shorebird species,the Kentish Plover(Charadrius alexandrinus)and the White-faced Plover(***)in China,in four populations that exhibit contrasting ambient *** weighed females,monitored nest survival,and calculated the variance of ambient ***:Although we found that egg size and clutch size were all different between the four breeding populations,the reproductive investment(*** clutch volume)was similar between *** also found that populations with a high survival rate had relatively larger eggs and a smaller clutch than populations with a low nest survival *** latter result is in line with a conservative/diversified bet-hedging ***:Our findings suggest that plovers may increasing fitness by investing fewer,larger or many,small according local nest survival rate to make a similar investment in reproduction,and thereby may have an impact on population demography.

关键词： Ambient temperature Bet-hedging strategy Nest survival rate Resource allocation Shorebirds

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Varietal and Seasonal Effect of Rice on the Physicochemical Properties of Rice Flakes

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第4期6卷 422-429页

作者： SHU Qing-yao ZHU Xiao-yang YANG Lian WU Wei-jian Peter Bucheli Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences Zhejiang University Hua Jia Chi Campus Hangzhou 310029 P.R.China School of Food Science ＆ Technology Southern Yangtze University Qing Shah Campus Wuxi 214036 P.R.China Nestlé R＆D centre Shanghai Ltd. Shanghai 201812 P.R. China

Rice-based flakes made from 7 mid-season rice varieties （4 indica and 3 japonica subspecies） and 3 early season indica varieties produced both in early and late season were studied for their main physicochemical characters, including water activity, film thickness, bulk density （BD）, ash, reducing sugars （RS）, protein, phytic acid, starch, amylose, and rapid visco analyser （RVA） viscosity profile. A significant varietal effect was found for all these parameters （P〈 0.05 or 0.01） except starch. Strong variety x season interactions were observed but the seasonal effect was less pronounced, and only significant （P〈0.01） for RS. The apparent amylose content （AAC） office flakes was significantly correlated （P〈0.01） with AAC （r=0.99） and several RVA profile parameters [e.g., final viscosity （r=0.92）] of rice flour. For rice flakes, BD was significantly correlated with AAC （r=0.82, P〈0.01） and most RVA profile parameters. The study indicates that varietal and environmental effects should be considered simultaneously for optimal production of rice grains for rice flakes manufacturing.

关键词： rice processing variety season amylose viscosity nutrition

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Microbial Assessment and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Fish Isolates in an Aquaculture Production Site in Mefou Afamba Division of Cameroon

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Journal of environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2021年第1期10卷 20-30页

作者： Judith Julie Takadong Tsafack Dimitri Alex Kamgain Tchuenchieu Hippolyte Tene Mouafo Manuela Annick Bengue Baomog Jorelle Jeanne Bimem Adjele Evrard Koupestchop Medjo Imelda Lucresse Nouteza Djuikoo Bridget Tata Ndakoh Chelea Matchawe James Sasanya Gabriel Nama Medoua centre for Food and Nutrition research IMPM(Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies)Yaounde 6163Cameroon Department of Microbiology University of Yaounde IYaounde 337Cameroon Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaBuea 99999Cameroon International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International CentreVienna 1400Austria

The practice of integrated fish farming and the use of local fish meal and manure for fish feeding in Cameroon constitute potential sources of resistant pathogenic bacteria in the fish pond ***,a periodical and constant monitoring of the microbiological quality of fish pond is *** study was to assess the microbial contamination of Mfou aquaculture production site and evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial fish *** of pond water(n=36),sediment(n=36),fishmeal(n=12)and African catfish(Clarias gariepinus),kanga(Heterotis niloticus)and Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)(n=36,each)were collected to determine TVAC(Total Viable Aerobic Bacterial Count),FC(Fungal Count),SAC(Staphylococcus aureus count),TCC(Total Coliform Count)and FCC(Feacal Coliform Count).The fish skin isolates of ***,Enterobacter sakazakii,Citrobacter freundii,Serratia fonticola,Klebsiella oxytoca,Proteus spp.,Aeromonas hydrophila,Kluyvera spp.,Moraxella spp.,Pasteurella multocida and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested against penicillin G(10μg),chloramphenicol(30μg),sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(25μg),erythromycin(15μg),tetracycline(30μg),using the disk diffusion *** reveal a heavy contamination of fish farms with microbial load above the recommended *** study indicates that fish ponds are sources of zoonotic pathogens underlining their epidemiological and clinical *** bacterial isolates were multiresistant with a multiple antibiotic resistance index above *** data raise concern about the microbial contamination of aquaculture and associated public health risks in Cameroon.

关键词： Microbial contamination antibiotic susceptibility profile aquaculture pond fish zoonotic pathogens Cameroon

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第3期 187-195页

作者： Jairo Rivera-Posada Ciemon F Caballes Morgan S Pratchett ARC centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No.3TownsvilleQueensland 4810Australia

Objective:To examine variation in the frequency of arm damage in different sizes of Acanthasterplanci(***),assess how this damage is inflicted by fish predators,and infer the potential role of predation in population ***:and arm damage frequency and severity was *** of arm damage was compared between *** behavior of fish predators was also observed in the ***:This study demonstrates that sublethal predation by triggerfishes on *** result inDiameters of *** collected from three sites in the Philippines were measured extensive arm ***,60%of *** sampled across all sites had sublethal *** frequency of individuals with missing or regenerating arms was highest in medium-sized young adults(11-20 cm),which coincides with the phase where *** shift from cryptic to exposed daytime ***:The high incidence of arm damage within intermediate-sized sea stars indicates that predators exercise some level of regulation on *** populations at a local *** and protection of putative predators that target the most vulnerable life history stages of *** are essential in developing population control strategies and reverse sustained declines in coral cover.

关键词： Acanthaster planci outbreaks Sublethal predation Arm damage Population regulation

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Assessment of Organic Compounds as Vehicular Emission Tracers in the AburráValley Region of Colombia

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Journal of environmental Protection 2016年第11期7卷 1561-1570页

作者： Enrique Posada Miryam Gómez Viviana Monsalve INDISA Group of Process Energy and Environmental Studies Medellín Colombia Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Group GHYGAM Medellín Colombia Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Group GHYGAM Medellín Colombia

The Aburrá Valley region in Colombia, with Medellín as its main city, is an urban centre with about three million people. An investigation was carried out to deter-mine a set of baseline concentrations for VOC compounds associated with diesel fuel and gasoline, as vehicular emission tracers in the region. The VOC measurement campaigns, based on TENAX tube sampling and analysis according to TO-17 EPA method, were done in areas of low and high vehicular flow as well as on-board measurements covering major Medellín road networks during 24 hours. The results showed that there was a relation between VOCs concentrations and vehicular activi-ty. The diesel fuel sulfur content was also found as an important factor on VOC hy-drocarbon formation.

关键词： VOCs Vehicular Pollution Tracers Vehicular Emissions Urban Pollution Rural Pollution

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Assessment of environmental Sources, Levels and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons within Nzoia Catchment Area in Kenya

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Journal of environmental Protection 2019年第6期10卷 772-790页

作者： Agripina Shitandayi Francis Orata Fred Lisouza Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya centre of Excellence in Water Resource Management (CEWARM) Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya

Continuous concerns about Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) presence in the environment have raised concern because of their toxic effects to various organisms. Sugarcane farming and cane processing industries are major economic activities within River Nzoia catchment area in Kenya. For instance, the sugar industries produce wastes and by products which can cause PAHs emission and environmental contamination in addition to activities related to rapid urbanization that is being observed within the catchment. This study presents a report on sources and distribution of PAHs levels in sugarcane by products waste, sediments, water and soils within the River Nzoia catchment area. Soil and sediment samples were extracted by soxhlet extraction using dichloro-methane and with C-18 catridges. Analyte separation and identification was done by GC-MS. Fourteen PAHs were detected with concentration ranges of;0.6 μg/L - 80 μg/L for water, 0.01 μg/kg - 1200 μg/kg for soils and 0.13 μg/kg - 19.6 μg/kg for sediments. Bagasse waste had PAHs concentrations in the range of 0.4 - 14 μg/kg, and filter cake in the range of 1.7 - 30 μg/kg. Boiler waters reported the presence of 8 PAHs. The ratio of concentrations of PAHs in boiler water, filter cake and bagasse waste to the soils and water samples within the vicinity to the sugar processing companies did not indicate a point source of contamination;rather it pointed to diffuse sources. The same results were observed for water and sediment samples obtained in the vicinity of waste dumpsite. Variation of PAHs concentrations from sugar manufacturing processes corresponded to the kind and conditions of the processes. Lower molecular weight PAHs dominated in water sample. The presense of benz: 1) pyrene, benz 2) flourancene and Indeno(123,cd)pyrene in both water and sludge soils are of concern since this water is abstracted for domestic use, while sludge soil is used as fertilizer in agricultural farms. Although the levels of PAHs obtained

关键词： Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Sugarcane by Products Sources and Distribution Waste Disposal

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Role of forests in headwater control with changing environment and society

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2021年第1期9卷 143-157页

作者： Josef Krecek Jana Nováková Ladislav Palán Eva Pazourková Evzen Stuchlík Department of Hydrology Czech Technical University in PragueThákurova 7CZ-16629Prague 6Czech Republic Independent Botanist Na Vrcholu 4CZ-13000PragueCzech Republic AON Impact Forecasting Václavskénáměstí19CZ-11000PragueCzech Republic Institute of Hydrobiology Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesNa Sádkách 7CZ-37005(C)eskéBudějoviceCzech Republic

Forest practices in headwater catchments are related to environmental and social *** aim of this study is to analyse the changing protective functions of forests in the upper plain of the Jizera Mts.(North Bohemia,Czech Republic)since the second half of the 19th *** time,forests have gradually changed from native stands to spruce plantations(Picea abies),introducing exotic conifers(more resistant to air pollution),and,recently,back to more diverse mixed *** priority in pro-tective forest functions there shifted from flood protection to integrated control of water resources(quantity and quality).In the 1980s,forest-water interactions were degraded by consequences of extreme acid atmospheric deposition,forest die-back,and extensive *** the Jizerka catchment,first signs of recovery were observed in the early *** waters there are still affected by prolonged *** reconstruction of stream water chemistry at Jizerka follows the drop of the acid deposition in some 5 years,the revival of stream biota takes 10-15 *** 2071-2100,the pro-jected climate change shows rising annual air temperatures by 3.0-4.6℃,decreasing water yield by 65-123 mm,60%drop in'minimum residual discharge',and 20-30%rise in ***,these projected environmental changes cannot substantially decline the high potential in water resource recharge,or,start reverse processes in recent recovery from acidification and radically affect the exis-tence of planned mixed forests in the upper plain of the Jizera Mts.

关键词： Headwater catchment Forest functions Water resource recharge Acid atmospheric deposition Climate change

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