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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第11期18卷 2572-2574页

作者： Xiaohong Xie Jinzhuo Luo Ruth Broering Dan Zhu Wenqing Zhou Mengji Lu Xin Zheng Ulf Dittmer Dongliang Yang Jia Liu Department of Infectious Diseases Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-Essen45122EssenGermany Institute for Virology University Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-Essen45122EssenGermany

To the Editor It is believed that the inherent tolerogenic property of the liver is involved in the chronicity of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection[1].However,exposure to HBV in adults usually leads to spontaneous clearance of the virus and the induction of potent and effective anti-HBV T cell immunity in the liver[2],suggesting that the immune microenvironment of the liver switches from limiting to allowing effector T cell responses during acute resolution of HBV infection.

关键词： immunity liver acute

P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter in inflammatory bowel diseases: More questions than answers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1513-1520页

作者： Elke Cario Experimental Gastroenterology Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital EssenMedical SchoolUniversity of Duisburg-Essen45147 EssenGermany

The gastrointestinal barrier is constantly exposed to numerous environmental substrates that are foreign and potentially harmful. These xenobiotics can cause shifts in the intestinal microbiota composition, affect mucosal immune responses, disturb tissue integrity and impair regeneration. The multidrug transporter ABCB1/MDR1 p-glycoprotein (p-gp) plays a key role at the front line of host defence by efficiently protecting the gastrointestinal barrier from xenobiotic accumulation. This Editorial discusses how altered expression and function of ABCB1/MDR1 p-gp may contribute to the development and persistence of chronic intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recent evidence implies multiple interactions between intestinal microbiota, innate immunity and xenobiotic metabolism via p-gp. While decreased efflux activity may promote disease susceptibility and drug toxicity, increased efflux activity may confer resistance to therapeutic drugs in IBD. Mice deficient in MDR1 A develop spontaneously chronic colitis, providing a highly valuable murine IBD model for the study of intestinal epithelial barrier function, immunoregulation, infectious co-triggers and novel therapeutic approaches. Possible associations of human ABCB1 gene polymorphisms with IBD susceptibility have been evaluated, but results are inconsistent. Future studies must focus on further elucidation of the pathophysiological relevance and immunological functions of p-gp and how its ambiguous effects could be therapeutically targeted in IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Multidrug resistance Innate immunity Microbiota Xenobiotics

RANDOM FIELDS IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS—A JUBILEE REVIEW

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2012年第2期2卷 37-49页

作者： WOLFGANG KLEEMANN Angewandte Physik Universitat Duisburg-Essen D-47048 DuisburgGermany

Substitutional charge disorder as in PbMg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_(3),structural cation vacancies as in Sr_(x)Ba_(1-x)Nb_(2)O_(6) and isovalent substitution of off-centered cations as in BaTi_(1-x)Sn^(x)O_(3) and BaTi1-xZrxO_(3) give rise to quenched electric random-fields(RFs),which we proposed to be at the origin of the peculiar behavior of relaxor ferroelectrics 20 years *** are,e.g.a strong frequency dispersion of the dielectric response and an apparent lack of macroscopic symmetry breaking in the low temperature *** are related to mesoscopic RF-driven phase transitions,which give rise to irregularly shaped quasi-stable polar nanoregions below the characteristic temperature T^(*),but above the global transition temperature *** co-existence with the paraelectric parent phase can be modeled by time-dependentfield equations under the control of quenched RFs and stress-free strain(in the case of order parameter dimension n2).Transitions into global polar order at Tc may occur in uniaxial relaxors as observed on the uniaxial relaxor ferroelectric Sr0.8Ba_(0.2)Nb_(2)O_(6) and come close to RF Ising model ***-entrant relaxor transitions as observed in solid solutions of Ba_(2)Pr_(0.6)Nd_(0.4)(FeNb_(4))O_(15) are proposed to evidence the coexistence of distinct normal and relaxor ferroelectric phases within the framework of percolation ***.

关键词： Ferroelectrics relaxors dielectric response quenched randomfields polar nanoregions

Special Topic:Food Chemistry

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第2期2卷 107-108页

作者： Oliver J.Schmitz Applied Analytical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitaetsstr.545141 EssenGermany

The quality of food is of utmost importance to a society and harmful contaminants,e.g.,the Minamata disease is a chronic poisoning by organic mercury compounds that first appeared in the mid-1950s around the city of *... 详细信息

关键词： mercury poisoning thousand

Pay or Nature？ The Relative Weights of Pecuniary Incentives and Course Conditions in IRONMAN Races

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Economics World 2018年第2期6卷 108-120页

作者： Joachim Prinz Phillip Becker University of duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany University of Paderbom Paderbom Germany

Most of the studies analyzing the effectiveness of a tournament compensation style use data from an athletic context because data on an individual＇s income and output are easily available. While the papers illustrate a positive correlation between the level of prize money doled out by the event organizer and athletes＇ performances the impact of pay on productivity might be biased if other fixed and random components are neglected and left out in the athlete＇s output function. The aim of this paper is to analyze this bias empirically by using new and detailed information from 62 long-distance triathlon IRONMAN competitions around the world to reassess the motivational aspect of prize money, controlling for course and weather conditions. The results of the OLS data analysis indicate the persistence of the incentive effect provided by remuneration but this effect is mitigated when nature is controlled for.

关键词： tournament compensation pay-output-correlation motivation effort Triathlon regression analysis

Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 238-241页

作者： Veronika Matschke Carsten Theiss Johann Matschke Institute of Anatomy Department of Cytology Ruhr University Bochum Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research) University of Duisburg-Essen University Hospital Essen

Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life forms. However, cells that benefit from oxidative respiration also suffer from reactive oxygen species because they adapted to oxygen as an energy source. Healthy cells balance the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species thereby creating and keeping reactive oxygen species-homeostasis. When the concentration of free radicals exceeds a critical level and homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress occurs leading to damage of multiple cellular molecules and compartments. Therefore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various diseases. Often, the antioxidant protection system becomes pathologically unbalanced in the genesis of several diseases, leading to functional losses of the organism, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cells develop metabolic mechanisms to use this system as protection against external influences, such as in the case of glioblastoma cells. Either way, understanding the underlying deregulated mechanisms of the oxidative protection system would allow the development of novel treatment strategies for various diseases. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the reactive oxygen species-homeostasis disequilibrate, the focus should be on the oxidative protection system.

关键词： neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cancer glioblastoma reactive oxygen species metabolism antioxidant protection system

Methods for the analysis of neuronal plasticity and brain connectivity during neurological recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1701-1703页

作者： Eduardo H.Sanchez-Mendoza Tayana Silva de Carvalho Dirk M.Hermann Department of Neurology University of Duisburg-Essen

The study of neuronal plasticity under pathological conditions is now a major point of focus on the field of neurological recovery. After the repeated failure of acute neuroprotection strategies for stroke treatment, the design of studies aimed at promoting the reconstruction of neuronal networks has become essential. Methods for the delivery of therapeutic agents on a steady dosage, thus preventing pharmacological peaks or excessive manipulation of experimental animals, are thus required. Additionally, methods that allow the visualization of neurological remodeling processes are fundamental to the understanding of how a therapeutic agent exerts its function. Here we describe how the use of miniosmotic pumps for the steady delivery of such agents, together with tract tracer injections, can be combined to unveil important information on how the brain changes after stroke and how therapeutic agents promote brain remodeling recovery.

关键词： stroke blood brain barrier neuroplasticity drug delivery

Trends in the hyperfine interactions of magnetic adatoms on thin insulating layers

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 787-796页

作者： Sufyan Shehada Manuel dos Santos Dias Filipe Souza Mendes Guimarães Muayad Abusaa Samir Lounis Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich&JARAJülichGermany Department of Physics RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Jülich Supercomputing Center Forschungszentrum Jülich&JARAJülichGermany Department of Physics Arab American UniversityJeninPalestine Faculty of Physics University of Duisburg-Essen&CENIDEDuisburgGermany

Nuclear spins are among the potential candidates prospected for quantum information technology.A recent breakthrough enabled to atomically resolve their interaction with the electron spin,the so-called hyperfine interaction,within individual atoms utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).Intriguingly,this was only realized for a few species put on a two-layers thick ***,we systematically quantify from first-principles the hyperfine interactions of the whole series of 3d transition adatoms deposited on various thicknesses of MgO,NaF,NaCl,h–BN,and Cu2N *** identify the adatom-substrate complexes with the largest hyperfine interactions and unveil the main trends and *** reveal the core mechanisms at play,such as the interplay of the local bonding geometry and the chemical nature of the thin films,which trigger transitions between high-and low-spin states accompanied with subtle internal rearrangements of the magnetic *** providing a general map of hyperfine interactions,our work has immediate implications in future STM investigations aiming at detecting and realizing quantum concepts hinging on nuclear spins.

关键词： quantum utilizing breakthrough

Molecular Cloning,Characterization and Expression Analysis of Woodchuck Retinoic Acid-Inducible GeneⅠ

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2016年第3期36卷 335-343页

作者：严琦刘钦李蒙蒙李芳慧朱彬 Jun-zhong WANG 王俊忠卢银平刘嘉吴珺郑昕陆蒙吉王宝菊杨东亮 Department of Infectious Diseases Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of Virology University of Duisburg-Essen

Cytosolic retinoic acid-inducible gene I（RIG-I） is an important innate immune RNA sensor and can induce antiviral cytokines, e.g., interferon-β（IFN-β）. Innate immune response to hepatitis B virus（HBV） plays a pivotal role in viral clearance and persistence. However, knowledge of the role that RIG-I plays in HBV infection is limited. The woodchuck is a valuable model for studying HBV infection. To characterize the molecular basis of woodchuck RIG-I（w RIG-I）, we analyzed the complete coding sequences（CDSs） of w RIG-I, containing 2778 base pairs that encode 925 amino acids. The deduced w RIG-I protein was 106.847 k D with a theoretical isoelectric point（p I） of 6.07, and contained three important functional structures [caspase activation and recruitment domains（CARDs）, DEx D/H-box helicases, and a repressor domain（RD）]. In woodchuck fibroblastoma cell line（WH12/6）, w RIG-I-targeted small interfering RNA（si RNA） down-regulated RIG-I and its downstrean effector–IFN-β transcripts under RIG-I＇ ligand, 5＇-ppp double stranded RNA（ds RNA） stimulation. We also measured m RNA levels of w RIG-I in different tissues from healthy woodchucks and in the livers from woodchuck hepatitis virus（WHV）-infected woodchucks. The basal expression levels of w RIG-I were abundant in the kidney and liver. Importantly, w RIG-I was significantly up-regulated in acutely infected woodchuck livers, suggesting that RIG-I might be involved in WHV infection. These results may characterize RIG-I in the woodchuck model, providing a strong basis for further study on RIG-I-mediated innate immunity in HBV infection.

关键词： retinoic acid-inducible gene I woodchuck woodchuck hepatitis virus

Quantitative Analysis of Bisphenol A in Recycled Paper with a Novel Direct Inlet Probe-Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization–IonTrap-MS

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2017年第3期1卷 255-263页

作者： Simeon Horst Oliver J.Schmitz Applied Analytical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitaetsstr.545141 EssenGermany

A new ambient ion source was developed and its application to real samples has been *** ion source is based on a previously build ion source using chemical ionization under atmospheric pressure and extractive electrospray ionization(DIP-APCI/EESI).To enhance the range of analytes,we added to this ion source a photoionization lamp to enable also photoionization,which allows the possibility to analyze polar(EESI),middle(APCI)and non-polar(APPI)analytes with the same source and with no or only a small change of the *** comparison with DIP-APCI,this ion source reaches similar analytical limits but shows better sensitivity for some aromatic and non-polar *** analysis of bisphenol A from extracts of recycled paper demonstrates the use of this ion source for real *** was possible by the use of a deuterated internal standard that was added to the papers before *** atmospheric pressure chemical ionization leads to bad results due to ion suppression,whereas atmospheric pressure photoionization shows results that fit to literature values.

关键词： Ambient ionization Bisphenol A Atmospheric pressure photoionization DIP-APPI Recycled paper