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Implication of Water-Rock Interaction for Enhancing Shale gas Production

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第7期20卷 1441-1462页

作者： Qiuyang Cheng Lijun You Cheng Chang Weiyang Xie Haoran Hu Xingchen Wang Shale gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China Sichuan province key laboratory of Shale gas evaluation and Exploitation PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China State key laboratory of oil and gas reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing technologies are at the root of commercial shale gas development and *** these processes,typically,a large amount of working fluid enters the formation,resulting in widespread water-rock *** understanding such effects is required to optimize the production *** this study,the mechanisms of water-rock interaction and the associated responses of shale fabric are systematically reviewed for working fluids such as neutral fluids,acid fluids,alkali fluids and oxidative *** is shown that shale is generally rich in water-sensitive components such as clay minerals,acidsensitive components(like carbonate minerals),alkali-sensitive components(like quartz),oxidative-sensitive components(like organic matter and pyrite),which easily lead to change of rock fabric and mechanical properties owing to water-rock *** to the results,oxidizing acid fluids and oxidizing fracturing fluids should be used to enhance shale gas *** study also indicates that an aspect playing an important role in increasing cumulative gas production is the optimization of the maximum shut-in time based on the change point of the wellhead pressure drop *** important influential factor to be considered is the control of the wellhead pressure considering the stress sensitivity and creep characteristics of the fracture network.

关键词： Shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing working fluid water-rock interaction oxidation shut-in production system

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Characteristics of geological structures in Shiling and Zhuanshanhu areas of Yehe Uplift,NE China

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Global Geology 2024年第2期27卷 105-120页

作者： GUAN Yue YU Yinghua ZHANG Yaxiong YUAN Hongqi key laboratory of oil and gas reservoir Formation Mechanism and Resource evaluation in heilongjiang province Daqing 163318HeilongjiangChina Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China

The basin marginal fault system is the key to understand the formation and evolution of Songliao *** order to investigate the influence of marginal fault system on the structural evolution of Songliao Basin,a comprehensive study was conducted on Shiling Town and Zhuanshanhu area of Yehe Town in Siping City of Jilin province,where is the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin and there are a series of well-exposed fault,fold and intrusive bodies belonging to the main marginal fault system of the Songliao Basin known as the Jiamusi-Yitong(Jia-Yi)fault *** profile measurement and field investigation,samples with various lithologies and distinctive features were *** field and laboratory works include component and microstructure analysis of these samples,rock-rock contact analysis,main strike measurement and statistics *** data reveal the structural characteristics of the fold,fault and intrusive bodies in the study *** research results show that the folds are distributed in the Mesozoic strata near the main fault of the eastern branch of the Jia-Yi fault zone,and the folded strata involve the Cretaceous Denglouku and Quantou *** addition,the section is dominated by high-angle strikeslip thrust ***-colored veins and dark-colored veins are extensively distributed in the exposed *** analysis of joint and fault attitudes in the study area reveals a right-lateral strike-sliping along the main *** large-scale right-lateral strike-slip and thrust fault system in Shiling Town occurred in right-lateral transpressive stage in Late *** on the results above,tectonic evolution sequence in Shiling section of the Jia-Yi fault zone during the Mesozoic can be divided into five stages:Middle Jurassic left-lateral ductile strike-slip stage,Late Jurassic compression stage,Early Cretaceous tension stage,Early Cretaceous extension stage and Late Cretaceous right-lateral transpressive stage

关键词： Jia-Yi fault structural characteristics evolution sequence Shiling Zhuanshanhu northern segment Tanlu fault

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Research on casing deformation prevention technology based on cementing slurry system optimization

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1231-1240页

作者： Yan Yan Meng Cai Wen-Hai Ma Xiao-Chuan Zhang Li-Hong Han Yong-Hong Liu State key laboratory for Performance and Structure Safety of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials CNPC Tubular Goods Research InstituteXi©an710077ShaanxiChina College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Shale gas evaluation and Exploitation key laboratory of Sichuan province Chengdu610095SichuanChina CNPC Daqing oilfield Company Daqing163453HeilongjiangChina

The casing deformation prevention technology based on the optimization of cement slurry is proposed to reduce the casing deformation of shale oil and gas wells during hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, the fracture mechanism of hollow particles in cement sheath was firstly analyzed by discrete element method, and the effect of hollow particles in cement on casing deformation was investigated by laboratory experiment method. Finally, field test was carried out to verify the improvement effect of the casing deformation based on cement slurry modification. The results show that the formation displacement can be absorbed effectively by hollow particles inside the cement transferring the excessive deformation away from casing. The particles in the uncemented state provide deformation space during formation slipping. The casing with diameter of 139.7 mm could be passed through by bridge plug with the diameter of 99 mm when the mass ratio of particle/cement reaches 1:4. According to the field test feedback, the method based on optimization of cement slurry can effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation, and the recommended range of hollow microbeads content in the cement slurry is between 15% and 25%.

关键词： Cement slurry Hollow ceramsite Casing deformation Formation slip Field test

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Mechanical characteristics and reservoir stimulation mechanisms of the Gulong shale oil reservoirs, the northern Songliao Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2023-2036页

作者： Si-Wei Meng Jia-Ping Tao Tian-Jiao Li Dong-Xu Li Su-Ling Wang Liu Yang Xin Liu Li-Hao Liang He Liu PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development Beijing100083China National key laboratory of Continental Shale oil Daqing 163002HeilongjiangChina Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024LiaoningChina PetroChina Daqing oilfield Co.Ltd. Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina Northeast Petroleum University Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing) Beijing100083China

Shale oil of the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,the northern Songliao Basin,represents the first attempt at large-scale development of pure-shale-type shale oil in *** integrating the multiscale refined reservoir characterization with macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,it is clarified that the Gulong shale is characterized by high clay mineral content,high rock plasticity,highly-developed bedding,and prominent mechanical anisotropy.A three-dimensional(3D)fracture propagation model of hydraulic fracturing was built for the Gulong shale,which fully captures the hydraulic fracture distribution pattern affected by the high bedding density,in-situ stress,and fracturing treatment *** research showed that due to influences of bedding,hydraulic fracturing in the Gulong shale forms a complex fracture morphology featuring the main fracture with multiple perpendicular branches that have different lengths(like the outdoor directional TV antenna);however,the vertical propagation of fractures is inhibited,and the fracture height is commonly less than 10 *** limited stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)is the main problem facing the fracturing stimulation of the Gulong shale *** density has vital effects on fracture morphology,so case-specific fracturing designs shall be developed for shale intervals with different bedding development *** reservoirs with welldeveloped bedding,it is suggested to properly increase the perforation cluster spacing and raise the volume and proportions of viscous fluids of the pad,so as to effectively promote vertical fracture propagation and improve reservoir stimulation *** study integrates multi-scale fine reservoir characterization and macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,as well as the construction and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing models for high-density layered shale reservoirs,providing a new approach and methodological framework for the fracturing research of high-density layer

关键词： Shale oil Hydraulic fracturing High bedding density Fracture propagation model

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Mixed-mode fracture behavior in deep shale reservoirs under different loading rates and temperatures

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3037-3047页

作者： Yu Suo Yan-Jie Zhao Xiao-Fei Fu Wen-Yuan He Zhe-Jun Pan School of Petroleum Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina Postdoctoral Resource Center Daqing Oilfield Company LimitedDaqing163458HeilongjiangChina key laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development(Northeast Petroleum University) Ministry of EducationDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina heilongjiang province key laboratory of oil and gas reservoir fracturing and evaluation Daqing163318HeilongjiangChina PetroChina International Exploration and Development Company Limited Corporation Beijing100034China

In the last years,shale gas has gradually substituted oil and coal as the main sources of energy in the *** with shallow shale gas reservoirs,deep shale is characterized by low permeability,low porosity,strong heterogeneity,and strong *** the process of multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells,the whole deformation process and destruction modes are significantly influenced by loading *** this investigation,the servo press was used to carry out semi-circular bend(SCB)mixedmode fracture experiments in deep shales(130,160,190℃)with prefabricated fractures under different loading rates(0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2 mm/min).The fracture propagation process was monitored using acoustic *** deformation characteristics,displacementeload curve,and acoustic emission parameters of shale under different loading rates were studied during the mixed-mode fracture *** results showed that during the deformation and fracture of the specimen,the acoustic emission energy and charge significantly increased near the stress peak,showing at this point the most intense acoustic emission *** the increase in loading rate,the fracture peak load of the deep shale specimen also ***,the maximum displacement decreased to different *** the increase in temperature,the effective fracture toughness of the deep shale gradually ***,the maximum displacement *** different loading rates,the deformation of the prefabricated cracks showed a nonlinear slow growthelinear growth *** slope of the linear growth stage increased with the increase in loading *** addition,as the loading rate increased,an increase in tension failure and a decrease in shear failure were ***,the control chart showing the relationship between tension and the shear failure under different temperatures and loading rates was determined.

关键词： Deep shale Mixed-mode fracture toughness Loading rate Deformation characteristics

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Risk assessment of fault reactivation considering the heterogeneity of friction strength in the BZ34-2 oilfield,Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2695-2708页

作者： Ye-Jun Jin Ling-Dong Meng Ding-You Lyu Xiao-Fei Fu Jiang-Bo Huang Si-Jia Cao Jian-Da Li School of Earth Sciences Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318HeilongjiangChina key laboratory of oil&gas reservoir and Underground gas Storage Integrity evaluation of heilongjiang province Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318HeilongjiangChina Bohai Rim Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina CNOOC Tianjin Company Tianjin 300459China

The hazards of fault reactivation caused by fluid injection are a growing ***,traditional evaluation methods of fault stability are likely to underestimate the risk in fault segments with a high clay ***,an extended evaluation method of fault stability(ECPP)incorporating the heterogeneity in friction strength caused by variation in the clay content within the fault zone is established in this *** characterizing the current stress field of the BZ34-2 oilfield in the Huanghekou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,the reactivation potential of faults is evaluated using both traditional and ECPP *** evaluation of fault stability shows that all faults are stable in the present stress *** oriented ENE have a relatively high *** maximum sustainable fluid pressure Δp is approximately 8.8-8.9 MPa and 9.3-9.9 *** considering the heterogeneity in fault friction strength,the fault stability is clearly controlled by the clay content of the *** high-risk fault segments assessed using traditional methods are no longer obvious,which reflects the importance of incorporating friction strength heterogeneity in the process of fault ***,the results also show that most fault segments are activated when the fault zone is dominated by montmorillonite,reflecting the strong influence of clay mineral types on fault *** factors influencing the heterogeneity of fault friction strength are very complicated in actual ***,future work should focus on establishing a database through a large number of experiments and investigating the relationship between the friction coefficient and the main controlling factors.

关键词： Faultreactivation In-situ stress Strength heterogeneity of fault friction Huanghekou Sag

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Characteristics of geological structures in Shiling and Zhuanshanhu areas of Yehe graben, NE China

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Global Geology 2023年

作者： GUAN Yue YU Yinghua ZHANG Yaxiong YUAN Hongqi Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute heilongjiang oil and gas reservoir Forming Mechanism and Resource evaluation key laboratory (Northeast Petroleum University)

The basin marginal fault system is an important window to understand the formation and evolution of Songliao Basin. In order to investigate the influence of marginal fault system on the structural evolution of Songliao Basin, a comprehensive study was conducted on Shiling Town and Zhuanshanhu area of Yehe Town in Siping City of Jilin province, where is the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin and there are a series of well exposed fault, fold and intrusive systems belonging to the main marginal fault system of the Songliao Basin known as the Jiamusi–Yitong (Jia–Yi) fault zone. Through profile measurement and field investigation,samples with various lithologies and distinctive features were collected. Detailed field and laboratory works include component and microstructure analysis of these samples, rock-rock contact analysis, main strike measurement and statistics analysis. These data reveal the structural characteristics of the fold, fault and intrusive systems in the study area. The research results show that the folds are distributed in the Mesozoic strata near the main fault of the eastern branch of the Jia–Yi fault zone, and the folded strata involve the Cretaceous Denglouku and Quantou formations. In addition, the section is dominated by high-angle strikeslip thrust faults. Light-colored veins and dark-colored veins are extensively exposed in the outcroped granites. Statistical analysis of joint and fault attitudes in the study area reveals a right-lateral strike-sliping along the main fault. The large-scale right-lateral strike-slip and thrust fault system in Shiling Town occurred in right-lateral transpressive stage in the Late Cretaceous. Based on the results above, tectonic evolution sequence in Shiling section of the Jia–Yi fault zone during the Mesozoic can be divided into five stages:late Mid–Jurassic left-lateral ductile strike-slip stage; Late Jurassic compression stage; initial-Early Cretaceous extension stage; mid–Early Cretaceous extensional s

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An experimental study of fracture initiation mechanisms during hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 87-92页

作者： Yan Tie Li Wei Bi Xueliang key laboratory of Enhanced oil ＆ gas Recovery Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqing Heilongjiang163318China

The mechanism of fracture initiation is the basic issue for hydraulic fracture technology. Because of the huge differences in fracture initiation mechanisms for different reservoirs,some successful fracturing techniques applied to porosity reservoirs are ineffectual for fractured *** tests using a process simulation device were performed to confirm the characteristics of fracture initiation and propagation in different *** influences of crustal stress field,confining pressure,and natural fractures on the fracture initiation and propagation are *** results demonstrate that stress concentration around the hole would significantly increase the fracture pressure of the *** the same time,natural fractures in the borehole wall would eliminate the stress concentration,which leads to a decrease in the fracture initiation pressure.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing porosity reservoir fractured reservoir fracture initiation fracture propagation simulation experiment

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Deformation Mechanism and Vertical Sealing Capacity of Fault in the Mudstone Caprock

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第2期30卷 367-375页

作者： Xiaofei Fu Lingyu Yan Lingdong Meng Xiaobo Liu laboratory of CNPC Fault-Controlling reservoir Northeast Petroleum University Science and Technology Innovation Team in heilongjiang province"Fault Deformation Sealing and Fluid Migration"Northeast Petroleum University State key laboratory Base of Unconventional oil and gas Accumulation and Exploitation Northeast Petroleum University School of Energy Resource China University of Geosciences Daqing Yushulin oilfield Development Co.Ltd.

The petrophysical property of mudstone often transforms from ductile to brittle in the process of burial-uplift. The deformation mechanism of fault in brittle and ductile mudstone caprock is different, which leads to the formation of different types of fault zone structure. Different methods are required to evaluate the sealing mechanism of those fault zones. Based on the caprock deformation mechanism, fault sealing mechanism, quantitative evaluation method of vertical fault sealing capacity is put forward in this study. Clay smear is formed in the process of plastic deformation and its continuity controls the sealing capacity of fault. The outcrop and oil field data have confirmed that when sealing parameter SSF is less than 4–7, the clay smear becomes discontinuous and then oil and gas go through the caprock and migrate vertically. Quantities of fractures are formed in mudstone in the process of brittle deformation. The fracture density increases with the increase of the fault displacement. When the fractures are connected, oil and gas go through the caprock and migrate vertically. The connectivity of fault depends on the displacement and the thickness of caprock. On the basis of the above, a method is put forward to quantify the connectivity of fault with the juxtaposition thickness of caprock after faulting. The research on the juxtaposition thickness of caprock after faulting of the member II of Dongying Formation in Nanpu depression and the distribution of oil and gas indicates when the juxtaposition thickness of caprock is less than 96.2 m, the fault becomes leaking vertically. In the lifting stage, with the releasing and unloading of the stress, the caprock becomes brittle generally and then forms through going fault which will lead to a large quantity of oil and gas migrate vertically.

关键词： mudstone fault deformation brittle-ductile shale smear CJT quantitative evaluation

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An unequal fracturing stage spacing optimization model for hydraulic fracturing that considers cementing interface integrity

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Petroleum Science 2023年第4期20卷 2165-2186页

作者： Xu Han Fu-Ping Feng Xiao-Chuan Zhang Jing Cao Jun Zhang Yu Suo Yan Yan Mao-Sen Yan Department of Petroleum Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina Daqing oil Field Limited-Liability Company Daqing163453HeilongjiangChina Tubular Goods Research Institute of CNPC Xi’an710000ShaanxiChina

Determining reasonable fracturing stage spacing is the key to horizontal well *** from traditional stage spacing optimization methods based on the principle of maximum stimulated reservoir volume,in this paper,by considering the integrity of the wellbore interface,a fracture propagation model was established based on displacement discontinuity method and the competition mechanism of multifracture joint expansion,leading to the proposal of an unequal stage spacing optimization *** results show that in the first stage,the interfacial fractures spread symmetrically along the axis of the central point during that stage,while in the second and subsequent stages,the interfacial fractures of each cluster extend asymmetrically along the left and right *** are two kinds of interface connectivity behaviour:in one,the existing fractures first extend and connect within the stage,and in the other,the fractures first extend in the direction close to the previous stage,with the specific behaviour depending on the combined effect of stress shadow and flow competition during hydraulic fracture *** stage spacing is positively correlated with the number of fractures and Young’s modulus of the cement and formation and is negatively correlated with the cluster spacing and horizontal principal stress *** sensitivity is the strongest when the Young’s modulus of the cement sheath is 10-20 GPa,and the sensitivity of the horizontal principal stress difference is the weakest.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Cementing interface Fracture propagation fracturing stage spacing Wellbore integrity

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