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MixerKT:A Knowledge Tracing Model Based on Pure MLP Architecture

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 485-498页

作者： Jun Wang Mingjie Wang Zijie Li Ken Chen Jiatian Mei Shu Zhang key laboratory of Education Informatization for Nationalities Ministry of EducationYunnan Normal UniversityKunming650000China Yunnan key laboratory of Smart Education Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming650000China

In the field of intelligent education,the integration of artificial intelligence,especially deep learning technologies,has garnered significant *** tracing(KT)plays a pivotal role in this field by predicting students’future performance through the analysis of historical interaction data,thereby assisting educators in evaluating knowledgemastery and tailoring instructional *** knowledge tracingmethods,largely based on Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)and Transformer models,primarily focus on capturing long-term interaction patterns in sequential ***,these models may neglect crucial short-term dynamics and other relevant *** paper introduces a novel approach to knowledge tracing by leveraging a pure Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)*** proposeMixerKT,a knowledge tracing model based on theHyperMixer framework,which uniquely integrates global and localMixer feature *** architecture enables more effective extraction of both long-terminteraction trends and recent learning behaviors,addressing limitations in currentmodels thatmay overlook these key *** evaluations on twowidely-used datasets,ASSIS Tments2009 and Algebra2005,demonstrate that MixerKT consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art models,including DKT,SAKT,and Separated Self-Attentive Neural Knowledge Tracing(SAINT).Specifically,MixerKT achieves higher prediction accuracy,highlighting its effectiveness in capturing the nuances of learners’knowledge *** results indicate that our model provides a more comprehensive representation of student learning patterns,enhancing the ability to predict future performance with greater precision.

关键词： Knowledge tracing multilayer perceptron channel mixer sequence mixer

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Efficient and Stable Photoassisted Lithium‑Ion Battery Enabled by Photocathode with Synergistically Boosted Carriers dynamics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 440-454页

作者： Zelin Ma Shiyao Wang Zhuangzhuang Ma Juan Li Luomeng Zhao Zhihuan Li Shiyuan Wang Yazhou Shuang Jiulong Wang Fang Wang Weiwei Xia Jie Jian Yibo He Junjie Wang Pengfei Guo Hongqiang Wang State key laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene(NPU)Xi’an 710072People’s Republic of China State key laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China State key laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518063People’s Republic of China key laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119People’s Republic of China

Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active *** work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic *** employed in PLIBs,it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging ***,experimental photon spectroscopy,finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO_(2),as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky *** from these merits,several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set,including the capacity of 276 mAh g^(−1)at 0.2 A g^(−1)under illumination,photoconversion efficiency of 1.276%at 3 A g^(−1),less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 *** results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.

关键词： Photoassisted lithium-ion batteries Bulk heterojunction Carrier dynamics TiO2 nanofiber Plasmonic metal nanocrystals

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Optimizing the key parameter to accelerate the recovery of AMOC under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing

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Atmospheric and oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 39-45页

作者： Haolan Ren Fei Zheng Tingwei Cao Qiang Wang International Center for Climate and Environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjingChina CAS key laboratory of ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences and Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)QingdaoChina

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)plays a central role in long-term climate variations through its heat and freshwater transports,which can collapse under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing in climate *** studies have suggested that the deviation of model parameters is one of the major factors in inducing inaccurate AMOC *** this work,with a low-resolution earth system model,the authors try to explore whether a reasonable adjustment of the key model parameter can help to re-establish the AMOC after its *** a new optimization strategy,the extra freshwater flux(FWF)parameter is determined to be the dominant one affecting the AMOC’s *** traditional ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation and new machine learning methods are adopted to optimize the FWF parameter in an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing experiment to improve the adaptability of model parameters and accelerate the recovery of *** results show that,under an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing in millennial simulations,the AMOC will first collapse and then re-establish by the default FWF parameter ***,during the parameter adjustment process,the saltier and colder sea water over the North Atlantic region are the dominant factors in usefully improving the adaptability of the FWF parameter and accelerating the recovery of AMOC,according to their physical relationship with FWF on the interdecadal timescale.

关键词： Recovery of AMOC 4×CO_(2)forcing key parameter Parameter estimation Data assimilation Machine learning

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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.Al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao key laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Biology Bradley University laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

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Unveiling an ancient whole-genome duplication event in Stentor,the model unicellular eukaryotes

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Weibo Zheng Chao Li Zhaorui Zhou Xiao Chen Michael Lynch Ying Yan School of Life Sciences Ludong University key laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution Arizona State University Marine College Shandong University

Whole-genome duplication(WGD) events are widespread across eukaryotes and have played a significant role in moulding the genetic architectures of diverse organisms. In the present study, the newly sequenced genome of a giant ciliated protist, Stentor roeselii, provides an opportunity for the analysis of the collinearity and retention of reciprocal best-hit genes between two Stentor species. As a main result, we have unveiled a previously undetected ancient WGD event shaping the genome of its congener, Stentor coeruleus, a model protist used in cytological and evolutionary studies. Genomes of two congeners, S. coeruleus and S. roeselii, are compared and analyzed, revealing that:(i)the former exhibits a much higher retention rate of colinear-gene pairs(28%) than does S. roeselii, and in S. coeruleus, 75% of genes that have a RBH hit in S. roeselii, have paralogs with high amino-acid identity, consistent with a WGD event in the lineage leading to S. coeruleus;(ii) the S. roeselii genome possesses extremely short intergenic regions, implying that the lengths of intergenic regions are under strong selection;(iii) the unique characteristics of introns may have been shaped in the common ancestor of heterotrichs;(iv) gene families that play a role in activities of multiple protein kinases and voltage-gated ion channels expanded rapidly in the ancestor of both taxa, possibly relating to the remarkable regenerative ability in Stentor. This study offers new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of ciliate genomes,with implications for understanding of the processes underlying the evolution of genomic complexity.

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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

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Development of a general circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer fuel rod model for subchannel analysis and application to helical fuel rods

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Junsen FU Junlong LI Xiaowen WANG Qi ZHANG Yao XIAO Hanyang GU School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University key laboratory of Nuclear Power Systems and Equipment of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University National key laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China State key laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The subchannel analysis method is one of the most crucial transient safety analysis methods in the thermal design of nuclear reactors. The nonuniformity of circumferential heat transfer is slight in conventional pressurized water reactor (PWR)cores, but it is significant in advanced reactors with wire-wrapped or helical fuel rods. Predicting circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer behavior can be challenging owing to the complex geometry of helical fuel rods. In this study, a general circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer fuel rod (GCNF) model is developed to predict the fuel central temperature and circumferential heat flux and wall temperature. This model incorporates a refined two-dimensional fuel conduction model and circumferential nonuniform shape factor, addressing the dual factors contributing to the circumferential nonuniformity of helical fuel rods. An empirical correlation for the nonuniform shape factor is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and it is implemented to the subchannel code. The newly developed model is applied to a helical fuel annulus and validated by comparing the prediction results with CFD data. The maximum wall temperature predicted by the code is 1.15°C lower than the value calculated through CFD. In terms of the heat flux, the maximum value at the inner corner is22 kW lower than that obtained from the CFD prediction. The accurate prediction of circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer in helical fuel, concerning the surface heat flux and cladding temperature, addresses existing shortcomings in helical fuel subchannel analysis methods. Additionally, the capability to predict the fuel central temperature is essential for the safety analysis to determine whether fuel rods are melting. The generality of the model framework allows it to be used for the prediction of circumferential nonuniform heat transfer behavior in other types of fuel assemblies.

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Impact of ocean data assimilation on the seasonal forecast of the 2014/15 marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific ocean

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Atmospheric and oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 24-31页

作者： Tiantian Tang Jiaying He Huihang Sun Jingjia Luo Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

A remarkable marine heatwave,known as the“Blob”,occurred in the Northeast Pacific ocean from late 2013 to early 2016,which displayed strong warm anomalies extending from the surface to a depth of 300 *** study employed two assimilation schemes based on the global Climate Forecast System of Nanjing University of Information Science(NUIST-CFS 1.0)to investigate the impact of ocean data assimilation on the seasonal prediction of this extreme marine *** sea surface temperature(SST)nudging scheme assimilates SST only,while the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)scheme assimilates observations from the surface to the deep *** latter notably improves the forecasting skill for subsurface temperature anomalies,especially at the depth of 100-300 m(the lower layer),outperforming the SST nudging *** excels in predicting both horizontal and vertical heat transport in the lower layer,contributing to improved forecasts of the lower-layer warming during the *** improvements stem from the assimilation of subsurface observational data,which are important in predicting the upper-ocean *** results suggest that assimilating ocean data with the EnKF scheme significantly enhances the accuracy in predicting subsurface temperature anomalies during the Blob and offers better understanding of its underlying mechanisms.

关键词： Seasonal forecast ocean data assimilation Marine heatwave Subsurface temperature

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The evolving ENSO observing system

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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 805-807页

作者： Dake Chen Neville Smith William Kessler State key laboratory of Satellite ocean Environment dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography

El Nio–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)is by far the most energetic and influential short-term climate variability on our planet, originating from an instability of the large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tr... 详细信息

关键词： The evolving ENSO observing system TAO

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Determining the Onset and Strength of Unforced Wave Breaking in A Numerical Wave Tank

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China ocean Engineering 2014年第4期28卷 501-509页

作者：何海伦宋金宝 State key laboratory of Satellite ocean Environment dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration key laboratory of ocean Circulation and Waves Chinese Academy of Sciences

A numerical wave tank is used to investigate the onset and strength of unforced wave breaking, and the waves have three types of initial spectra： constant amplitude spectrum, constant steepness spectrum and Pierson-Moscowitz spectrum. Numerical tests are performed to validate the model results. Then, the onset of wave breaking is discussed with geometric, kinematic, and dynamic breaking criteria. The strength of wave breaking, which is always characterized by the fractional energy loss and breaking strength coefficient, is studied for different spectra. The results show how the energy growth rate is better than the initial wave steepness on estimating the fractional energy losses as well as breaking strength coefficient.

关键词： wave breaking numerical wave tank fractional energy loss breaking strength coefficient

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