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Establishing a child and adolescent mental health center in Herat,Afghanistan:a project description

Global health Journal 2023年第4期7卷 194-199页

作者： Abdul Fattah Najm Aziz-ur-Rahman Niazi Mina Alekozay Emily B.Allan Kaaren Mathias Technical Director International Assistance MissionHerat 3001Afghanistan Department of Public health and Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineHerat 3001Afghanistan Independent Consultant RedcarNorth YorkshireTS103JAUK Faculty of health University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand

Objective:Afghanistan has witnessed a long-lasting 4-decade armed conflict,which together with high levels of poverty and interpersonal violence,resulted in high incidence and prevalence of mental disorders in general population,including children and *** mid-2018,there was neither mental health care facility nor a child psychiatrist in ***,we report the establishment of the first children and adolescents'mental health center(CAMHC)in Herat province of ***:In July 2018,CAMHC was initiated at Mental health Training *** was initially planned by the International Assistance Mission(IAM)and Herat Public health directorate;and financially supported by the Tearfund UK,the United Methodist Committee on Relief and Tearfund *** target population of CAMHC was children and adolescents in Herat and neighboring provinces,healthcare professionals,staff of government and non-governmental organizations,school teachers and community ***:A group of eight mental health professionals were trained and made the interdisciplinary board for diagnosis and management of mental disorders in children and *** the initial three-year period,2448 patients,including 1264(51.6%)boys and 1184(48.4%)girls,presented with mental disorders to *** and management of mental disorders were performed according to standard international *** awareness-raising seminars were held;2000 leaflets,10000 posters,and 30000 brochures were prepared and distributed;and two short video clips were produced and broadcast via IAM website,social media and local TV channels.A database was developed to house for project data,assessment of outcomes and reporting to ***:Establishment of CAMHC resulted in significant achievements in diagnosis and management of mental disorders among children and adolescents,healthcare staff capacity building,and awareness-raising about mental *** o

关键词： Child and adolescent Mental health Herat Afghanistan

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The grey-green divide:multi-temporal analysis of greenness across 10,000 urban centres derived from the Global Human Settlement Layer(GHSL)

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 101-118页

作者： Christina Corbane Pesaresi Martino Politis Panagiotis Florczyk J.Aneta Melchiorri Michele Freire Sergio Schiavina Marcello Ehrlich Daniele Naumann Gustavo Kemper Thomas European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)Directorate for SpaceSecurity&MigrationIspraVAItaly Arhs Developments S.A. LuxembourgLuxembourg Piksel S.r.l MilanoItaly

The presence of green spaces within city centres has been recognized as a valuable component of the city *** provides a variety of benefits including energy saving,improved air quality,reduced noise pollution,decreased ambient temperature and psychological *** also shows that the amount of vegetation,known as‘greenness’,in densely populated areas,can also be an indicator of the relative wealth of a ***‘grey-green divide’,the contrast between built-up areas with a dominant grey colour and green spaces,is taken as a proxy indicator of sustainable management of cities and planning of urban *** and continuous assessment of greenness in cities is therefore essential for monitoring progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal *** availability of multi-temporal greenness information from Landsat data archives together with data derived from the city centres database of the Global Human Settlement Layer(GHSL)initiative,offers a unique perspective to quantify and analyse changes in greenness across 10,323 urban centres all around the *** this research,we assess differences between greenness within and outside the built-up area for all the urban centres described by the city centres database of the *** also analyse changes in the amount of green space over time considering changes in the built-up areas in the periods 1990,2000 and *** results show an overall trend of increased greenness between 1990 and 2014 in most *** effect of greening is observed also for most of the 32 world *** conclude that using simple yet effective approaches exploiting open and free global data it is possible to provide quantitative information on the greenness of cities and its changes over *** information is of direct interest for urban planners and decision-makers to mitigate urban related environmental and social impacts.

关键词： Global human settlement layer greenness Landsat data records degree of urbanization urban centres built-up areas sustainable development goal 11

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Human Rabies Still Exists in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Mali—National Data-Base Analysis of the Capital of Mali from 2007 to 2017

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第2期9卷 19-25页

作者： Abdel Kader Traore Assetou Soukho Kaya Ousmane Kone Youssouf Fofana Mamadou Cissoko Zakaria Keita Makan Fofana Aichatou Margueritte Diarra Department of Internal Medicine Universitary Hospital of Point GBamakoMali RIWA/REAO/MALI Rabies in West Africa(RIWA)Mali RIWA/REAO INTERNATIONALRabies in West Africa(RIWA)Mali PARACON Pan-African Rabies Control NetworkBamakoMali Service of Epidemiology-Department of Comunotary health National Institute of Public HealthINRSPBamakoMali Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Mother-Child LuxembourgBamakoMali Disease Prevention and Control Division National Directorate of HealthMinistry of Health and Social AffairsBamakoMali Management of Small and Medium Enterprises BamakoMali

From 2007 to 2017 sixty-three (63) new cases of human rabies have been identified in Mali on an estimated total population in 2017 of 17,650,195 inhabitants. This is an incidence of 0.32 cases for 100,000 inhabitants. All these cases occurred in urban areas and involved the two sexes. The age group most affected was the one less than 20 years old. The majority of the victims (73.1%) were pre-schools, school-aged pupils and housewives. In 97% of the cases, the animal in question was a dog and the type of exposure of the bite. Eighty-two percent (82%) of the victims had received no local medical treatment or the post exposure quasi prophylaxis treatment. The median duration between the first symptoms and death among the cases of human rabies was 3 to 7 days. The median duration between the occurrence of the first signs and death was four (4) days. No virological confirmation had been conducted on the patients. The rage disease is retained as a priority disease, since the adoption of the strategy of “integrated monitoring of the disease and response” in 2008. However, in spite of the efforts made, progress still remains to be effected to assess the actual impact of rabies in Mali.

关键词： Rabies Urban Area Mali

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Mother’s of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate, Perception about Aetiology, social Reaction and Treatment of Cleft

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第10期3卷 98-101页

作者： Akwasi Antwi-Kusi William Addisson A. Acheampong Oti Ama A. Amuasi Daniel Kwesi Sabbah Wilson Eva Bernice Joseph Abu-Sakyi Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Oral health directorate Kumasi Ghana Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Background: Religious, cultural beliefs and demographical differences can have a huge impact in shaping people’s reactions and attitudes toward cleft children. Myths and folk beliefs frequently accompany the birth of a child with deformities especially in Africa. Objective: Evaluate cleft mothers with cleft children attending a multidisciplinary cleft clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital about their experiences on aetiology, expectation, family reaction and treatment of cleft lip and palate. Methodology: The study design was a cross-sectional study which involved consecutive mothers of cleft lip and palate children reporting to Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Cleft clinic by using a structured questionnaire. The study period was from January to June 2013. Results: The highest recorded response (47.50%) from mothers was that their nuclear families had been supportive. The least recorded nuclear family reaction was indifferent to child’s condition (3.70%). 47.50% of mothers reported their extended family members had been supportive whereas the least recorded reaction of extended family members (1.25%) was avoidant behaviour. 52 Mothers (65%) answered that they are not mocked by members of the society whereas 28 (35%) answered they were mocked. Conclusion: The above study demonstrates that mother’s educational background was low. Some mothers still believe CL/P is caused by evil spirit even though they are in the minority. Most mothers were hopeful that their babies will have a normal life after surgery. There was high level of family support for cleft families.

关键词： Cleft Aetiology Beliefs Family Reaction

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Urban sprawl in provincial capital cities in China: evidence from multi-temporal urban land products using Landsat data

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Science Bulletin 2019年第14期64卷 955-957页

作者： Linlin Lu Huadong Guo Christina Corbane Qingting Li Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094 China European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Directorate for Space Security & Migration Ispra I-21027 Italy

The onset of global urbanization has led to a population shift from rural to urban areas and the expansion of urban development [1-3]. Urban land areas are growing at faster rates than their populations in most parts of the world [4]. The urban sprawl process refers to dispersed land development characterized by low-density, unplanned, and uneven patter ns of growth duri ng urban expansion. This process can result in inefficient use of land resources contradictory to the principle of sustainable development [5]. Additionally, urban sprawl has various environmental, economic, and social consequences, including the following: loss of agricultural land, higher costs for transportation infrastructure, increased landscape fragmentation, degeneration of soil ecological functions, and reduced ecosystem resilience. It is crucial to understand the trends and patterns of urban sprawl to implement a framework for sustainable urban development in developing regions.

关键词： urban development populations world

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Psychosocial impact of scars due to cutaneous leishmaniasis on high school students in Errachidia province,Morocco

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 410-417页

作者： Issam Bennis Severine Thys Hind Filali Vincent De Brouwere Hamid Sahibi Marleen Boelaert National School of Public health Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco Department of Public health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of PharmaceuticalBiomedical and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary RabatMorocco Ecole Nationale de SantePublique Rue Lemfedel CherkaouiMadinat Al Irfane 10000RabatMorocco

Background:In Morocco,cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)is usually known to be a slowly healing localized skin disease,but in some cases,it can lead to mutilating *** outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in the Errachidia province in southeastern Morocco between 2008 and 2010 left many adolescents with permanent scar tissue on the face or other exposed body *** studied the psychosocial impact of CL on these young ***:In 2015 we conducted a cross-sectional survey among high-school students living in boarding schools in two CL-endemic areas of Errachidia:Rissani and Tinejdad.A self-administered questionnaire elicited responses about general knowledge of CL and related *** open-ended question focused on the possible psychosocial effects associated with these *** quantitative data were analyzed with Epi Info^(TM)and the text data with NVivo ***:Almost 20%of 448 respondents reported they had experienced a CL lesion and 87%said it could possibly or definitely lead to psychological *** text analysis showed that girls more often than boys expanded on the negative psychological effects of *** students considered CL as“dangerous”,“serious”,and“deathly”,and said it sometimes led to extreme suicidal ***:The burden of CL in this age group is not *** indelible CL scars lead to self-stigma and social stigma,and the emergence of negative psychological effects in this age *** some students accepted their CL scars and related suffering as their“destiny”,others were eagerly demanding protective measures against CL and treatment for the scars.

关键词： Belief Body image Cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania major Scars Self-concept Self-stigma social stigma Students Adolescents Errachidia Morocco

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Evaluation of the Early Age Married Girls Applying to Our Department

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第4期5卷 334-338页

作者： Bulut Kasim Uysal Cem Korkmaz Mustafa Sivri Suleyman Bozkurt Ismail Durmaz Ubeydullah Tırasci Yasar Goren Suleyman Forensic Medicine Department Dicle UniversityDiyarbakırTurkey Diyarbakır directorate of Forensic Medicine Office DiyarbakirTurkey

Underage marriages are going on to keep their commonness in countries such as Turkey although frequencies of them are decreasing in the world. According to the law, marriages before eighteen years old are also defined as early marriages. Being married of girls at early ages makes these children deprived from education life and their vicinity. Therefore severe psychological difficulties occur in these children. In this study, 19 girls, who were being married at early ages and psychologically examined between January 1st, 2013-April 1st, 2015 in physical and mental health committee of the Dicle University, Medical Faculty, were taken to evaluate. These 19 cases were retrospectively assessed in sociodemographic data (age, education level, and relative degrees), type of marriage, state of mind, forensic reports and files. Of 410 cases, who admitted to our mental and physical committee, 19 (4.6%) were at the category of early age marriage. These 19 cases range between 13 and 17 years of age. Three of them (15.8%) were thinking of suicide and one of them (5.3%) attempted suicide. At least, one mental disorder was diagnosed in 8 (42.1%) of the cases and the most common diagnose was acute stress disorder in four (21.1%) cases. It has been stated that marriages at early ages are caused by economic and cultural reasons. As conclusion, being married of children at early ages is an important risk factor in social and mental health.

关键词： Child Marriage Mental Disorders Forensic Medicine

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"Green Trade Protectionism" :An Analysis of Three New Issues that Affect Developing Countries

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2014年第2期2卷 75-106页

作者： María Victoria LOTTICI Carlos GALPERíN Julia HOPPSTOCK Centre for International Economy (CEI) Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs Multilateral Economic Affairs and G20 directorate Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The environment is increasingly being used to justify protectionist measures that enjoy greater social *** the last few years,new issues have emerged in relation to this,and three of them are analysed in this paper:green growth and green economy,climate change response measures,and the liberalization of environmental goods and *** new issues are being used both to apply barriers to goods and services coming from developing countries and to improve the market access of developed countries ’ exports of industrial *** this amounts to "green protectionism" which is aimed at improving the trade balance of developed countries,particularly in relation to developing *** the many fora where these topics are being discussed,Argentina states that these issues should neither result in green protectionism nor encourage policies that constitute disguised restrictions on international trade,which is inconsistent with the multilateral trading system and with international environmental law,and in particular with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.

关键词： Trade environment protectionism developing countries negotiations

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An Inventory of Some Relatively Large Marine Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes Sighted, Caught, By-Caught, or Stranded in the Mediterranean Coast of the Gaza Strip-Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第2期13卷 119-153页

作者： Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Kamal J. Elnabris Adel J. Attallah Jehad Y. Salah Mohammed A. Aboutair Waleed M. Thabit Sahar K. Serri Hassan G. Abu Hatab Sameeh M. Awadalah Wajdi M. Saqallah Mokhles S. Alhawajri Tariq K. Al-Sammak Bashar S. Jarayseh Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Aysha A. Rafeea Doaa S. Ghattas Huda E. Abu Amra Israa M. Jaber Nedal A. Fayyad Ashraf A. Shafei Inas A. Abd Rabou Othman A. Abd Rabou Mohammed A. Abd Rabou Mazen T. Abualtayef Mohammed R. Al-Agha Yousif K. Ibrahim Rimel M. Benmessaoud Mourad M. Cherif Hashem A. Madkour Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine directorate General of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem Palestine Kamal Al-Ohood Primary School for Girls North Gaza Education Directorate Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Biology Faculty of Science Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing and health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water and Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM) La Goulette Port Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hurghada Egypt

The Mediterranean Sea is home to an interesting biodiversity. The current cumulative and descriptive study aims to enumerate some relatively large marine mammals, reptiles, and fishes that have been spotted, caught, by-caught, or stranded on the coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine, which extends about 42 km along the Mediterranean Sea. This 20-year study from 2003 to 2022 relied much on frequent field visits, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, following local media sites and social media pages, and photography. The study recorded at least 26 giants or relatively large marine organisms on the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Certainly, the coming years may bring other marine organisms of relatively large sizes. Marine mammals included three species of cetaceans with the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) being the largest mammal and even the largest animal ever recorded in this study. Marine reptiles included three species of sea turtles, the largest of which is the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which is in fact the world’s largest sea turtle. The bony fishes were represented by ten species, the largest of which was the Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola), which is the largest bony fish in the world. The cartilaginous fishes included ten species with the largest specimens encountered were the Shortfin Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus), Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini), and Giant Devil Ray (Mobula mobular). Seabirds were not included in the study. The Alexandria Pompano (Alectis alexandrinus) and the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), which are bony fishes, appear to be the relatively smallest marine organisms recorded here. In conclusion, the role of the various parties must be coordinated to ensure the sustainability of human activities and their compatibility with the task of conserving local marine biota, including the gigantic or relatively large ones.

关键词： Mediterranean Sea Marine Biodiversity Marine Mammals Sea Turtles Bony Fishes Cartilaginous Fishes Gaza Strip Palestine

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针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第9期23卷 522-533页

作者： Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) Alan Turing Institute Kings CrossLondonUK Departments of Mathematics and Statistics University of WarwickCoventryUK Warwick Medical School University of WarwickCoventryUK Kings College Hospital Denmark HillLondonUK Department of Statistical Science University College LondonLondonUK University of Chicago ChicagoILUSA Science Policy and Research National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceManchesterUK health and social care directorate National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK Data and Analytics Group National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory AgencyLondonUK Medicines and healthcare products Regulatory Agency LondonUK Julius Centre for health Sciences and Primary care UMC UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands UK EQUATOR Centre Centre for Statistics in MedicineNDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Meta-Research Innovation Centre at Stanford Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Statistics University of OxfordOxford 0X13LBUK health Data Research UK London University College LondonLondon.UK Institute of health Informatics University College LondonLondonUK National Institute for health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK 深圳智影医疗公司首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院皮肤科

机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、... 详细信息

机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。

关键词：人工智能研究机器学习同行评审数据资源缺乏透明度可重复性透明性跨学科团队

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