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Risk Factors Associated with the Spatiotemporal Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant—Shanghai Municipality,China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第5期5卷 97-102,I0001-I0005页

作者： Wen Zheng Xiaowei Deng Cheng Peng Xuemei Yan Nan Zheng Zhiyuan Chen Juan Yang Marco Ajelli Juanjuan Zhang Hongjie Yu School of Public health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai MunicipalityChina Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan UniversityShanghai MunicipalityChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous studies have explored the spatial transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and have assessed the associated risk ***,none of these studies have quantitatively described the spatiotemporal transmission patterns and risk factors for Omicron BA.2 at the micro(within-city)scale.

关键词： acute assessed respiratory

Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease through new blood-brain barrier models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1954-1960页

作者： Kinya Matsuo Hideaki Nshihara Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine YamaguchiJapan department of Neurotherapeutics Yamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan

The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous ***-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,stroke,multiple sclerosis,and Parkinson’s ***,it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration,but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal ***,the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective *** elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases,there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional ***,several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been *** in the Alzheimer’s disease field,the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain *** this review,we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease from pathological analyses,imaging studies,animal models,and stem cell ***,we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier human induced pluripotent stem cells

Long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage:a nationwide population study from 2011 to 2019

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 692-700页

作者： Joonsik Park Sook-Hyun Park Yu-ra Kwon So Jin Yoon Joo Hee Lim Jung Ho Han Jeong Eun Shin Ho Seon Eun Min Soo Park Soon Min Lee department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine211 Eonjuro GangnamguSeoul 06273Republic of Korea

Background Advancements in neonatal care have increased preterm infant survival but paradoxically raised intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)*** study explores IVH prevalence and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight(VLBW)infants in Korea over a *** Using Korean National health Insurance data(NHIS,2010-2019),we identified 3372 VLBW infants with IVH among 4,129,808 live ***-related claims data,encompassing diagnostic codes,diagnostic test costs,and administered procedures were sourced from the NHIS *** results of the developmental assessments are categorized into four groups based on standard deviation(SD)*** characteristics and complications were compared among the *** regression models were employed to identify significant changes in the incidence of complications and to calculate odds ratios with corresponding 95%confidence intervals for each risk factor associated with mortality and morbidity in ***-term growth and development were compared between the two groups(years 2010-2013 and 2014-2017).Results IVH prevalence was 12%in VLBW and 16%in extremely low birth weight(ELBW)*** the past decade,IVH rates increased significantly in ELBW infants(P=0.0113),while mortality decreased(P=0.0225).Major improvements in certain neurodevelopmental outcomes and reductions in early morbidities have been observed among VLBW infants with *** percent of the population received surgical treatments such as external ventricular drainage(EVD)or a ventriculoperitoneal(VP)shunt,with the choice of treatment methods remaining consistent over *** IVH with surgical intervention group exhibited higher incidences of delayed development,cerebral palsy,seizure disorder,and growth failure(height,weight,and head circumference)up to 72 months of age(P<0.0001).Surgical treatments were also significantly associated with abnormal developmental screening test *** The neurodevelopmental outcomes of infa

关键词： Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage Developmental Hydrocephalus Mortality Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation Surgery

Emergence of carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage:an overview

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Clean Energy 2024年第4期8卷 147-168页

作者： Khemlata Soni Narayan Lal Panwar Pranay Rajendra Lanjekar department of Renewable Energy Engineering Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and TechnologyUdaipurRajasthan313001India

Hydrogen has gained enormous relevance due to its lower carbon footprint and its potential role in balancing energy supply and de*** is being considered as a sustainable substitute for conventional *** generation of hydrogen using renewable energy sources is still in development,with a significant challenge lying in the efficient and safe storage of hydrogen due to its low energy *** challenge hinders the widespread adoption of *** and liquefaction methods of storage face issues of losses that reduce their *** technology for hydrogen storage has advanced significantly in the past few years,driven by recent enhancements in synthesizing carbonaceous materials with hydrogen storage *** article critically reviews novel carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage,including biochar,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanocomposites,carbon aerogel,fullerenes,MXenes,graphite,graphene and its *** hydrogen adsorption using microporous materials,such as activated carbons,is crucial,sparking interest in economically viable options for hydrogen *** this,a significant amount of work still needs to be accomplished before the potential and advantages of the hydrogen economy can be fully realized and utilized by manufacturers and academics.

关键词： hydrogen clean energy hydrogen storage adsorption-desorption phenomenon carbonaceous materials

The combination of gut microbiota-depleted treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation is an important strategy to verify the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine though modulation of gut dysbiosis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期44卷 222-223页

作者： XING Yunqi LI Junxiang YUAN Yali MAO Tangyou Gastroenterology department Dongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100078China department of Hepatology Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

To the Editors:We read with great interest the study recently published by Sun et al 1 entitled“Electroacupuncture at Tianshu(ST25)and Zusanli(ST36)alleviates stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by modulating gut microbiota and corticotropin-releasing factor”in which the microbial details of electroacupuncture(EA)-induced protection in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were investigated.

关键词： releasing treatment details

An Adaptive Scalable Data Pipeline for Multiclass Attack Classification in Large-Scale IoT Networks

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 500-511页

作者： Selvam Saravanan Uma Maheswari Balasubramanian department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of ComputingAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035India

The current large-scale Internet of Things(IoT)networks typically generate high-velocity network traffic *** use IoT devices to create botnets and launch attacks,such as DDoS,Spamming,Cryptocurrency mining,Phishing,*** service providers of large-scale IoT networks need to set up a data pipeline to collect the vast network traffic data from the IoT devices,store it,analyze it,and report the malicious IoT devices and types of ***,the attacks originating from IoT devices are dynamic,as attackers launch one kind of attack at one time and another kind of attack at another *** number of attacks and benign instances also vary from time to *** phenomenon of change in attack patterns is called concept ***,the attack detection system must learn continuously from the ever-changing real-time attack patterns in large-scale IoT network *** meet this requirement,in this work,we propose a data pipeline with Apache Kafka,Apache Spark structured streaming,and MongoDB that can adapt to the ever-changing attack patterns in real time and classify attacks in large-scale IoT *** concept drift is detected,the proposed system retrains the classifier with the instances that cause the drift and a representative subsample instances from the previous training of the *** proposed approach is evaluated with the latest dataset,IoT23,which consists of benign and several attack instances from various IoT *** classification accuracy is improved from 97.8%to 99.46%by the proposed *** training time of distributed random forest algorithm is also studied by varying the number of cores in Apache Spark environment.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) concept drift Apache Spark MongoDB Apache Kafka streaming

Enhancing Cybersecurity Competency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A Fuzzy Decision-Making Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3211-3237页

作者： Wajdi Alhakami department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA)has achieved significant milestones in *** has maintained solid regulatorymechanisms to prevent,trace,and punish offenders to protect the interests of both individual users and organizations from the online threats of data poaching and *** widespread usage of Information Technology(IT)and IT Enable Services(ITES)reinforces *** constantly evolving cyber threats are a topic that is generating a lot of *** this league,the present article enlists a broad perspective on how cybercrime is developing in KSA at present and also takes a look at some of the most significant attacks that have taken place in the *** existing legislative framework and measures in the KSA are geared toward deterring criminal activity *** competency models have been devised to address the necessary cybercrime competencies in this *** research specialists in this domain can benefit more by developing a master competency level for achieving optimum *** address this research query,the present assessment uses the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(Fuzzy-DMTAEL),Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(***),and Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology to achieve segment-wise competency development in cyber security *** similarities and differences between the three methods are also *** cybersecurity analysis determined that the National Cyber Security Centre got the highest *** study concludes by perusing the challenges that still need to be examined and resolved in effectuating more credible and efficacious online security mechanisms to offer amoreempowered ITES-driven economy for ***,cybersecurity specialists and policymakers need to collate their efforts to protect the country’s digital assets in the era of overt and covert cyber warfare.

关键词： Cyber security fuzzy DMTAEL security policy cyber crime MCDM

Clinical applications of metagenomics next-generation sequencing in infectious diseases

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第6期25卷 471-484页

作者： Ying LIU Yongjun MA department of Clinical Laboratory Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhua 321000China

Infectious diseases are a great threat to human *** and accurate detection of pathogens is important in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious *** next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is an unbiased and comprehensive approach for detecting all RNA and DNA in a *** the development of sequencing and bioinformatics technologies,mNGS is moving from research to clinical application,which opens a new avenue for pathogen *** studies have revealed good potential for the clinical application of mNGS in infectious diseases,especially in difficult-to-detect,rare,and novel ***,there are several hurdles in the clinical application of mNGS,such as:(1)lack of universal workflow validation and quality assurance;(2)insensitivity to high-host background and low-biomass samples;and(3)lack of standardized instructions for mass data analysis and report ***,a complete understanding of this new technology will help promote the clinical application of mNGS to infectious *** review briefly introduces the history of next-generation sequencing,mainstream sequencing platforms,and mNGS workflow,and discusses the clinical applications of mNGS to infectious diseases and its advantages and disadvantages.

关键词： Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS) Infectious disease Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT) Microbiome

Impact of Sub-chronic Aluminium-maltolate Exposure on Catabolism of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第6期26卷 445-452页

作者： LIANG Rui Feng LI Wei Qing WANG Hong WANG Jun Xia NIU Qiao department of Occupational health School of Public HealthShanxi Medical University department of Environmental health School of Public HealthShanxi Medical University

Objective To investigate the impact of sub-chronic Aluminium-maltolate [Al（mal）s] exposure on the catabolism of amyloid precursor protein （APP） in rats. Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into five groups： the control group, the maltolate group （7.56 mg/kg BW）, and the Al（mal）s groups （0.27, 0.54, and 1.08 mg/kg BW, respectively）. Control rats were administered with 0.9% normal saline through intraperitoneal （i.p.） injection. Maltolate and Al（mal）s were administered to the rats also through i.p. injections. Administration was conducted daily for two months. Rat neural behavior was examined using open field tests （OFT）. And the protein expressions and their mRNAs transcription related with APP catabolism were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results The expressions of APP, 13-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 （BACEI） and presenilin-1 （PSi） proteins and their mRNAs transcription increased gradually with the increase of Al（mal）3 doses （P〈0.05）. The enzyme activity of BACEI in the 0.54 and 1.08 mg/kg Al（mal）s groups increased significantly （P〈0.05）. The expression of 8-amyloid protein （AS） 1-40 gradually decreased while the protein expression of A81-42 increased gradually with the increase of Al（mal）s doses （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Result from our study suggested that one of the possible mechanisms that Al（mal）s can cause neurotoxicity is that Al（mal）s can increase the generation of A81-42 by facilitating the expressions of APP, β-, and γ-secretase.

关键词： Aluminium-maltolate Amyloid precursor protein 6-amyloid protein Rat