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Reasons for informal payments from the perspective of health care providers and recipients:a qualitative study in Iran

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Global health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 212-221页

作者： Mohammad Arab Bahman Khosravi Hossein Safari Hojat Rahmani Ghasem Rajabi Vasokolaei Mohammadreza Mobinizadeh Farhad Habibi department of health Management and Economics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran health Promotion Research Center Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran National Institutes for health Research Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Background:Informal payments are one of the major obstacles to health system reform in many developing countries,and its elimination is on the agenda of health system policymakers in many countries,including *** study was conducted to identify the causes of informal payments in the Iranian health ***:This was a qualitative and exploratory *** study environment included the Ministry of health,physicians’offices,medical universities,and hospitals and health *** study population included health care providers(physicians and hospital staff,managers,supervisors,and nurses)and health care recipients(patients or patients who had a history of dealing with informal payments).Data were collected using open-ended questions and semi-structured *** sampling method was used to select managers,chief executive officers(CEOs)and *** sampling was used to select physicians due to their lack of participation and *** analysis method was used to analyze the ***:Reasons for informal payments were divided into 4 themes including:Economic factors(improper tariff valuation of services;failure to increase tariffs proportionate to inflation;lack of comprehensive participation of stakeholders in determining tariffs;tariff inconsistency in the public,private and charity sectors;etc.);socio-cultural factors(decreased social capital of the medical community among the people;improving the quality of life;incorrect comparison of providers’income levels with the income of doctors in other countries;existence of a culture of gratitude and appreciation;health as a priority for society;pride of service recipients;pride of service providers;etc.);service delivery challenges(high professional skills of the doctor;use of modern medical equipment;the monopoly of some doctors,etc.)and legal-political factors(inadequate monitoring by upstream organizations;lack of strict rules;difficulty of proving informal payments;presenc

关键词： Informal payments health systems health care providers health care recipients

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Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2012年第2期1卷 71-79页

作者： Laura M.Schwab Reese Ryan Pittsinger Jingzhen Yang department of Community and Behavioral health The University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations The University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA

With increasing attention given to the development and implementation of psychological interventions during the sport injury rehabilitation process,there is a need to document the effectiveness of these *** purpose of this review was to summarize the empirical findings of the effects of psychological interventions in reducing post-injury psychological consequences and improving psychological coping during the injury rehabilitation process among competitive and recreational *** February 2012,utilizing a comprehensive search strategy,we conducted electronic searches of multiple electronic databases for randomized and nonrandomized control trials that evaluated interventions targeting populations of injured competitive and recreational athletes age 17 years and *** included interventions that directly intervene on injured athletes’ psychological outcomes(e.g.,psychological consequences,psychological coping and re-injury anxiety) and utilized psychological strategies including imagery,goal-setting,relaxation,and other common techniques during the post-injury rehabilitation *** studies,described in seven peer-reviewed published articles,met study inclusion criteria and were included in this *** those studies,two included randomized control trials,two used before and after study designs and two were case study *** interventions utilized guided imagery and relaxation,two interventions utilized goal-setting and one each utilized microcounseling,written disclosure,and acceptance and commitment *** imagery/relaxation was shown to be associated with improved psychological coping and reduced re-injury anxiety. Goal setting,however,was not directly associated with the reduction of negative psychological *** psychological techniques such as microcounseling skills,acceptance and commitment therapy,and written disclosure have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing negative psychological consequences,improving

关键词： Intervention Psychological consequence Psychological coping Sport injury

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Carbon sequestration rate,nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield responses to long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure in a rice–rice cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第9期22卷 2848-2864页

作者： Nafiu Garba HAYATU LIU Yi-ren HAN Tian-fu Nano Alemu DABA ZHANG Lu SHEN Zhe LI Ji-wen Haliru MUAZU Sobhi Faid LAMLOM ZHANG Hui-min National Engineering Laboratory for improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Soil and Fertilizer&Resource and Environment Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200P.R.China department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 2346Nigeria Plant Production department Faculty of Agriculture Saba BashaAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21531Egypt

Combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic amendments was recommended as a strategy for improving yield,soil carbon storage,and nutrient use ***,how the long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure affects rice yield,carbon sequestration rate(CSR),and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)while ensuring environmental safety remains *** study assessed the long-term effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic manure on rice yield,CSR,and *** also determined the optimum substitution ratio in the acidic soil of southern *** treatments were:(i)NPK0,unfertilized control;(ii)NPK1,100%chemical nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer;(iii)NPKM1,70%chemical NPK fertilizer and 30%organic manure;(iv)NPKM2,50%chemical NPK fertilizer and 50%organic manure;and(v)NPKM3,30%chemical NPK fertilizer and 70%organic *** vetch and pig manure were sources of manure for early and late rice seasons,*** result showed that SOC content was higher in NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments than in NPK0 and NPK1 *** carbon sequestration rate increased by 140,160,and 280%under NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments,respectively,compared to NPK1 *** yield was 86.1,93.1,93.6,and 96.5%higher under NPK1,NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments,respectively,compared to NPK0 *** NUE in NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments was higher as compared to NPK1 treatment for both rice *** analysis revealed close positive relationships of CSR with C input,total N,soil C:N ratio,catalase,and humic acids,whereas NUE was closely related to grain yield,grain N content,and phenol ***,CSR and NUE negatively correlated with humin acid and soil C:P and N:P *** technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)showed that NPKM3 treatment was the optimum strategy for improving CSR and ***,substituting 70%of chemical fertilizer with organic manure cou

关键词： carbon sequestration chemical fertilizer long term organic manure nitrogen use efficiency paddy rice

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Microenvironment and related genes predict outcomes of patients with cervical cancer:evidence from TCGA and bioinformatic analysis

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BIOCELL 2020年第4期44卷 597-605页

作者： WENXI GAO QIANQIAN MA CHENYU TANG YUELI ZHAN YINONG DUAN HUIHUA NI YUNZHAO XU Laboratory Center of Economics and Management School Nantong UniversityNantong226019China School of Medicine Nantong UniversityNantong226001China department of Group health Section Wuxi Matemaland Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical SchoolWuxi214002China department of Anesthesiology Anxi County Maternal and Child Health HospitalQuanzhou362400China department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nantong University Affiliated HospitalNantong226001China department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong226001China

Cervical cancer(CESC)is one of the most common cancers and affects the female genital *** HPV infection status has been determined to be a vital cause of *** infection may induce changes to the immune system and limit the host’s immune *** is therefore essential to improving the overall survival of both locally advanced and recurrent CESC *** 304 relevant samples from TCGA,we assessed immune cell function in CESC patients to better understand the status of both tumor micro-environment cells and immune cells in *** enrichment analysis,pathway enrichment analysis,and PPI network construction were performed to explore the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The analysis identified 425 DEGs,which included 295 up-regulated genes and 130 down-regulated *** established that upregulation of CCL5 was correlated with significantly better survival,meaning that CCL5 expression could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for CESC *** further focused on CCL5 as a hub gene in CESC,as it had significant correlations with increased numbers of several types of immune ***-type fractions of M1 macrophages were significantly higher in the high-immune-scores group,which was associated with better overall ***,we concluded that CCL5 is a promising prognostic biomarker for CESC,as well as a novel chemotherapeutic target.

关键词： TCGA Immune scores Prognosis Cervical cancer

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An update on the role of intestinal cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug disposition

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 374-383页

作者： Fang Xie Xinxin Ding Qing-Yu Zhang Bioimaging Glaxo Smith KlineKing of Prussia College of Nanoscale Science SUNY Polytechnic Institute Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health

Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug *** cytochrome P450(CYP)-mediated metabolism can eliminate a large proportion of some orally administered drugs before they reach systemic circulation,while leaving the passage of other drugs unimpeded.A better understanding of the ability of intestinal P450 enzymes to metabolize various clinical drugs in both humans and preclinical animal species,including the identification of the CYP enzymes expressed,their regulation,and the relative importance of intestinal metabolism compared to hepatic metabolism,is important for improving bioavailability of current drugs and new drugs in ***,we briefly review the expression of drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes in the small intestine of humans and several preclinical animal species,and provide an update of the various factors or events that regulate intestinal P450 expression,including a cross talk between the liver and the *** further compare various clinical and preclinical approaches for assessing the impact of intestinal drug metabolism on bioavailability,and discuss the utility of the intestinal epithelium–specific NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductasenull(IECN) mouse as a useful model for studying in vivo roles of intestinal P450 in the disposition of orally administered drugs.

关键词： Cytochrome P450 Intestine Bioavailability Drug disposition Drug metabolism

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A method for using video presentation to increase the vividness and activity of cortical regions during motor imagery tasks

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2431-2437页

作者： Kengo Fujiwara Masatomo Shibata Yoshinaga Awano Koji Shibayama Naoki Iso Moemi Matsuo Akira Nakashima Takefumi Moriuchi Wataru Mitsunaga Toshio Higashi department of Clinical Services Nagasaki Rehabilitation HospitalNagasakiJapan Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Health SciencesTokyo Kasei UniversityTokyoJapan

In recent years,mental practice(MP)using laterally inverted video of a subject’s non-paralyzed upper limb to improve the vividness of presented motor imagery(MI)has been shown to be effective for improving the function of a paralyzed upper ***,no studies have yet assessed the activity of cortical regions engaged during MI task performance using inverse video presentations and neurophysiological *** study sought to investigate changes in MI vividness and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during MI performance under the following three conditions in near-infrared spectroscopy:MI-only without inverse video presentation(MI-only),MI with action observation(AO)of an inverse video presentation of another person’s hand(AO+MI(other hand)),and MI with AO of an inverse video presentation of a participant’s own hand(AO+MI(own hand)).Participants included 66 healthy right-handed adults(41 men and 25 women;mean age:26.3±4.3 years).There were 23 patients in the MI-only group(mean age:26.4±4.1 years),20 in the AO+MI(other hand)group(mean age:25.9±5.0 years),and 23 in the AO+MI(own hand)group(mean age:26.9±4.1 years).The MI task involved transferring 1 cm×1 cm blocks from one plate to another,once per second,using chopsticks held in the non-dominant *** on a visual analog scale(VAS),MI vividness was significantly higher in the AO+MI(own hand)group than in the MI-only group and the AO+MI(other hand)group.A main effect of condition was revealed in terms of MI vividness,as well as regions of interest(ROIs)in certain brain areas associated with motor *** data suggest that inverse video presentation of a person’s own hand enhances the MI vividness and increases the activity of motor-related cortical areas during *** study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical and health Sciences(approval No.18121303)on January 18,2019.

关键词： action observation cortical activity inverse video presentation mental practice motor imagery motor palsy paralysis recovery rehabilitation stroke

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Schisandra sphenanthera extract(Wuzhi Tablet)protects against chronic-binge and acute alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the NRF2-ARE pathway in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第5期7卷 583-592页

作者： Xuezhen Zeng Xi Li Chenshu Xu Fulin Jiang Yufei Mo Xiaomei Fan Yaoting Li Yiming Jiang Dongshun Li Min Huang Huichang Bi School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen Bao'an Maternal and Child health Hospital

Alcohol abuse leads to alcoholic liver disease and no effective therapy is currently *** Tablet(WZ), a preparation of extract from Schisandra sphenanthera that is a traditional hepatoprotective herb, exerted a significant protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in our recent studies, but whether WZ can alleviate alcohol-induced toxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of WZ to alcohol-induced liver injury by using chronic-binge and acute models of alcohol feeding. The activities of ALT and AST in serum were assessed as well as the level of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver. The expression of CYP2E1 and proteins in the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway including NRF2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1 were measured, and the effect of WZ on NRF2 transcriptional activity was determined. We found that both models resulted in liver steatosis accompanied by increased transaminase activities, but that liver injury was significantly attenuated by WZ. WZ administration also inhibited CYP2E1 expression induced by alcohol, and elevated the level of GSH and the activity of SOD in the liver. Moreover, the NRF2-ARE signaling pathway was activated by WZ andthe target genes were all upregulated. Furthermore, WZ significantly activated NRF2 transcriptional activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that WZ protected against alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant defense, possibly by activating the NRF2-ARE pathway.

关键词： Alcoholic liver injury Schisandra sphenanthera Wuzhi Tablet NRF2-ARE Oxidative stress

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The emerging role of probiotics in neurodegenerative diseases:new hope for Parkinson’s disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 628-634页

作者： Vanessa Castelli Michele d’Angelo Massimiliano Quintiliani Elisabetta Benedetti Maria Grazia Cifone Annamaria Cimini department of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaItaly SIRE Srl NaplesItaly Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Department of BiologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Neurodegenerative disease etiology is still unclear,but different contributing factors,such as lifestyle and genetic factors are *** components of the gut could play a key role in the gut-brain axis,which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous *** in the composition of the gut microbiota and its function between healthy people and patients have been reported for a variety of human disorders comprising metabolic,autoimmune,cancer,and,notably,neurodegenerative *** can alter the microbiota composition,affecting the gutbrain axis *** nutraceutical interventions have been devoted to normalizing gut microbiome dysbiosis and to improving biological outcomes in neurological conditions,including the use of *** and clinical investigations discussed in this review strengthen the correlation between intestinal microbiota and brain and the concept that modifying the microbiome composition may improve brain neurochemistry,modulating different *** review will discuss the potential use of probiotics for Parkinson’s disease prevention or treatment or as adjuvant therapy,confirming that gut microbiota modulation influences different pro-survival *** investigations in Parkinson’s disease should consider the role of the gut-brain axis and additional comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is extremely necessary.

关键词： age-related diseases brain dysbiosis gut-brain axis microbiota neurodegeneration nutraceuticals Parkinson’s disease probiotics SLAB51

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Suppression of cell pyroptosis by omeprazole through PDE4-mediated autophagy in gastric epithelial cells

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BIOCELL 2023年第12期47卷 2709-2719页

作者： LIPING YE HUIYAN SUN XINHUA LIANG WENXU PAN LI XIANG WENJUN DU LANLAN GENG WANFU XU SITANG GONG department of Pediatrics The First School of Clinical Medicine of Jinan UniversityThe First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Gastroenterology Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Gastroenterology Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Nephrology Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health HospitalZhuhaiChina

Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for the development of peptic ulcers with autophagy *** was widely known as the first-line regimen for ***-associated ***:The objective of this work was to assess the role of omeprazole on cell pyroptosis and ***:The clinical samples were *** polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and immunofluorescence(IF)analysis were conducted to reveal the mechanism of omeprazole on cell pyroptosis and ***:The results revealed that omeprazole could decrease cell pyroptosis,which was attributed to the downregulation of cleaved caspase-1 expression,resulting in the inhibition of gasdermin E and interleukin-18/1βmaturation and secretion as well as the resolution of ***,omeprazole treatment led to drastic downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)activity was observed in BGC823 cells,leading to enhanced autophagy characterized by increased LC3II expression,which further reduced cell *** omeprazole-mediated phenomenon was enhanced after phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitor dipyridamole(DIP)*** addition,activation of mTOR by MHY1485 could rescue the suppression of cell pyroptosis induced by *** importantly,IF analysis suggested that phosphorylation of mTOR and PDE4 activity and caspase-1 were enhanced in ***-infected gastric ***:These findings indicate that omeprazole suppresses cell pyroptosis through PDE4-mediated autophagy in gastric epithelial cells,and DIP enhanced the omeprazole-mediated inhibition of cell pyroptosis,implying that DIP is an alternative combined therapy strategy in improving the treatment of patients with *** infection.

关键词： Omeprazole Autophagy Dipyridamole mTOR Cell pyroptosis

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Environmental pollution with psychiatric drugs

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第10期11卷 791-804页

作者： Julene Argaluza Saioa Domingo-Echaburu Gorka Orive Juan Medrano Rafael Hernandez Unax Lertxundi department of Epidemiology and Public health Bioaraba Health Research InstituteVitoria-Gasteiz 01002Spain department of Pharmacy Alto Deba Integrated Health Care OrganizationArrasate 20500Spain NanoBioCel Group Laboratory of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPaseo de la Universidad 7Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006Spain Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN)Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006Spain Bioaraba NanoBioCel Research GroupVitoria-Gasteiz 01006Spain Singapore Eye Research Institute Discovery TowerSingapore 168751Singapore department of Psychiatry Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteMental Health Network Research GroupOsakidetzaPortugalete 48920Spain department of Internal Medicine Araba Mental Health NetworkVitoria-Gasteiz 01006Spain Bioaraba health Research Institute/Osakidetza Basque health Service Araba Mental Health NetworkAraba Psychiatric HospitalPharmacy ServiceVitoria-Gasteiz 01006AlavaSpain

Among all contaminants of emerging interest,drugs are the ones that give rise to the greatest *** of the multiple stages of the drug's life cycle(production,consumption and waste management)is a possible entry point to the different environmental *** drugs have received special attention because of two ***,their use is ***,many of them act on phylogenetically highly conserved neuroendocrine systems,so they have the potential to affect many non-target ***,wastewater is considered the most important source of drugs to the ***,the currently available wastewater treatment plants are not specifically prepared to remove drugs,so they reach practically all environmental matrices,even tap *** drugs are designed to produce pharmacological effects at low concentrations,they are capable of producing ecotoxicological effects on microorganisms,flora and fauna,even on human *** has also been observed that certain antidepressants and antipsychotics can bioaccumulate along the food *** pollution is a complicated and diffuse problem characterized by scientific uncertainties,a large number of stakeholders with different values and interests,and enormous *** solutions consist on acting at source,using medicines more rationally,eco-prescribing or prescribing greener drugs,designing pharmaceuticals that are more readily biodegraded,educating both health professionals and citizens,and improving coordination and collaboration between environmental and healthcare ***,end of pipe measures like improving or developing new purification systems(biological,physical,chemical,combination)that eliminate these residues efficiently and at a sustainable cost should be a ***,we describe and discuss the main aspects of drug pollution,highlighting the specific issues of psychiatric drugs.

关键词： Antipsychotics Pharmaceuticals in the environment Drug pollution Antidepressants Wastewater Ecotoxicity

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