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The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第12期8卷 5584-5602页

作者： Jingwei Li Yun Zhou Jiechao Ma Qin Zhang Jun Shao Shufan Liang Yizhou Yu Weimin Li Chengdi Wang Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityMed-X Center for ManufacturingFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina AI Lab Deepwise HealthcareBeijingChina Department of Postgraduate Student West China HospitalWest China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Computer Science The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).With the growing population of recovered patients,it is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of the disease and management strategies.Although COVID-19 was initially considered an acute respiratory illness,recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited to those of the cardiovascular,respiratory,neuropsychiatric,gastrointestinal,reproductive,and musculoskeletal systems may persist long after the acute phase.These persistent manifestations,also referred to as long COVID,could impact all patients with COVID-19 across the full spectrum of illness severity.Herein,we comprehensively review the current literature on long COVID,highlighting its epidemiological understanding,the impact of vaccinations,organ-specific sequelae,pathophysiological mechanisms,and multidisciplinary management strategies.In addition,the impact of psychological and psychosomatic factors is also underscored.Despite these crucial findings on long COVID,the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on previous experience and pilot studies remain inadequate,and well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized to validate existing hypotheses.Thus,we propose the primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps and efficient remedies as well as discuss the corresponding recommendations.

关键词： mechanisms consequences hundreds

Can intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in osteomyelitis be treated using current antibiotics?A systematic review and narrative synthesis

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 661-678页

作者： Anja R.Zelmer Renjy Nelson Katharina Richter Gerald J.Atkins Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5000Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideSA 5000Australia Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSA 5000Australia Richter Lab Department of SurgeryBasil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health ResearchUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5011Australia

Approximately 40%of treatments of chronic and recurrent osteomyelitis fail in part due to bacterial persistence.Staphylococcus aureus,the predominant pathogen in human osteomyelitis,is known to persist by phenotypic adaptation as small-colony variants(SCVs)and by formation of intracellular reservoirs,including those in major bone cell types,reducing susceptibility to antibiotics.Intracellular infections with S.aureus are difficult to treat;however,there are no evidence-based clinical guidelines addressing these infections in osteomyelitis.We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the demonstrated efficacy of all antibiotics against intracellular S.aureus relevant to osteomyelitis,including protein biosynthesis inhibitors(lincosamides,streptogramins,macrolides,oxazolidines,tetracyclines,fusidic acid,and aminoglycosides),enzyme inhibitors(fluoroquinolones and ansamycines),and cell wall inhibitors(beta-lactam inhibitors,glycopeptides,fosfomycin,and lipopeptides).The PubMed and Embase databases were screened for articles related to intracellular S.aureus infections that compared the effectiveness of multiple antibiotics or a single antibiotic together with another treatment,which resulted in 34 full-text articles fitting the inclusion criteria.The combined findings of these studies were largely inconclusive,most likely due to the plethora of methodologies utilized.Therefore,the reported findings in the context of the models employed and possible solutions for improved understanding are explored here.While rifampicin,oritavancin,linezolid,moxifloxacin and oxacillin were identified as the most effective potential intracellular treatments,the scientific evidence for these is still relatively weak.We advocate for more standardized research on determining the intracellular effectiveness of antibiotics in S.aureus osteomyelitis to improve treatments and patient outcomes.

关键词： treatment finding synthesis

Research on sentiment terms extraction and visualization of character sentimental interactions in A Dream of Red Mansions

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2022年第2期29卷 24-32页

作者： Huang Pei Zhang Meng Wan Liu Lei Xuanzheng School of Digital Media and Design Arts Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Beijing Key Laboratory of network System and network Culture Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

In the context of interdisciplinary research,using computer technology to further mine keywords in cultural texts and carry out semantic analysis can deepen the understanding of texts,and provide quantitative support and evidence for humanistic studies.Based on the novel A Dream of Red Mansions,the automatic extraction and classification of those sentiment terms in it were realized,and detailed analysis of large-scale sentiment terms was carried out.Bidirectional encoder representation from transformers(BERT) pretraining and fine-tuning model was used to construct the sentiment classifier of A Dream of Red Mansions.Sentiment terms of A Dream of Red Mansions are divided into eight sentimental categories,and the relevant people in sentences are extracted according to specific rules.It also tries to visually display the sentimental interactions between Twelve Girls of Jinling and Jia Baoyu along with the development of the episode.The overall F_(1) score of BERT-based sentiment classifier reached 84.89%.The best single sentiment score reached 91.15%.Experimental results show that the classifier can satisfactorily classify the text of A Dream of Red Mansions,and the text classification and interactional analysis results can be mutually verified with the text interpretation of A dream of Red Mansions by literature experts.

关键词： A Dream of Red Mansions sentiment term extraction character sentiment interaction bidirectional encoder representation from transformers(BERT) data visualization

Oncolytic viruses:A novel treatment strategy for breast cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第2期10卷 430-446页

作者： Mohammad Javanbakht Sanaz Tahmasebzadeh Luca Cegolon Nasrin Gholami Mandana Kashaki Hassan Nikoueinejad Mohamad Mozafari Mahsa Mozaffari Shi Zhao Mostafa Khafaei Morteza Izadi Saeid Fathi Reza Akhavan-Sigari Nephrology and Urology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Mehrestan health network Iranshahr University of Medical SciencesIranshahr ***Iran University of Trieste Department of MedicalSurgical & Health SciencesTrieste 34128Italy University health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) Public Health DepartmentTriesteItaly Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz ***Iran Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU) Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)Tehran ***Iran Department of General Surgery Urmia University of Medical ScienceUrmia 57147Iran Department of Pediatrics Iran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran JC School of Public health and Primary Care Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077China Human Genetics Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran 169875931Iran health Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Agriculture ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)Karaj 11365-1558Iran Department of Neurosurgery University Medical CenterTuebingen 72076Germany

Breast cancer,an unceasingly occurring neoplasm,is one of the major determinants of mortality in women.Several ineffective attempts have been pursued using with conventional therapies against breast cancer.Resistance to existing therapies and their respective debilitating adverse effects have led research toward a new era of cancer treatment using viruses.Virotherapy constitutes a developing treatment modality with multiple mechanisms of therapeutic activity in which the viruses can be directly oncolyticand can express transgenes or induce host immune response against tumor cells.Several different DNA-and RNA-containing viruses have been considered for virotherapy of breast cancer including adenovirus,herpes virus,vaccinia,reovirus,Newcastle Disease virus,measles virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.This review aims to summarize the viro-therapeutical agents against breast malignancies.Key Scientific Concepts of Review:In this review paper,we proposed a new strategy to virus's combinatorial treatments using several kinds of transgenes and drugs.These recombinant viruses have provided evidence of treatment efficacy against human breast cancer.

关键词： Adenovirus Breast cancer Herpes virus Measles virus Newcastle disease virus Reovirus Vaccinia Vesicular stomatitis virus Virotherapy

Second and Third Trimester Fetal Death in the Setting of COVID-19: A California 2020 Case Series

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2022年第2期4卷 127-129页

作者： Rosalyn E.Plotzker Similoluwa Sowunmi Valorie Eckert Emily Barnes Van Ngo Lauren J.Stockman Chloe LeMarchand Umme-Aiman Halai Division of Communicable Disease Control Center for Infectious DiseaseCalifornia Department of Public Health(CDPH)RichmondCA 94804USA California Birth Defects Monitoring Program Center for Family HealthCalifornia Department of Public Health(CDPH)RichmondCA 94804USA Los Angeles County Department of Public health Los AngelesCA 90012USA.

Maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy may impact fetal development via vertical transmission,complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),or placental injury.However,potential associations between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and fetal loss are not well understood.This case series of thirteen second and third trimester fetal losses reported by local public health departments to California’s state public health surveillance included maternal clinical and demographic characteristics as well as placental pathology,fetal autopsy reports,and coroner report.There was no evidence that maternal COVID-19 disease severity,placental injury,or SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission contributed to pregnancy loss.However,this case series is a limited sample;more research is needed to identify factors of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 that may contribute to fetal death in the second and third trimesters.

关键词： COVID-19 Fetal death Prenatal infection Stillbirth

Obesity pandemic in China:epidemiology,burden,challenges,and opportunities

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第11期135卷 1328-1330页

作者： Jing Li Qingyang Shi Qingyang Gao Xiong-Fei Pan Li Zhao Yazhou He Haoming Tian Zhiming Zhu Sheyu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Guideline and Rapid RecommendationCochrane China CenterMAGIC China CenterChinese Evidence-Based Medicine CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University) Ministry of EducationWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of health Policy and Management West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology Chongqing Institute of HypertensionDaping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China.

China faces a substantial burdensome pandemic of obesity.Recent data from the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that over an estimated 8.1%of Chinese adults(85 million Chinese adults)had obesity in 2018,which was three times the level in 2004.[1]To understand the trends of overweight and obesity in China,we accessed the country/territory-level year-specific data of age-standardized summary exposure value(SEV,standing for the pooled proportion among the population),deaths,and disability-adjusted life of years(DALYs)for high body mass index(BMI,high BMI was defined as the BMI level higher than theoretical minimum risk exposure level[25 kg/m2])and its associated diseases for 204 countries/territories between 1990 and 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative network.[2]Previous literature described detailed methods for the data synthesis.[3,4]Using the country/territory-level data by year,we calculated the estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)with 95%uncertainty intervals(UI)to estimate the annual changing patterns of age-standardized SEV,death,and DALY rates among 204 countries/territories.To compare statistics from China and other regions,we calculated the corresponding estimates from regions including global,North Africa and Middle East,Sub-Saharan Africa,Western Pacific Region,European Union,Latin America and Caribbean,and South Asia.

关键词： epidemiology burden Middle

Advancing Malaria Prediction in Uganda through AI and Geospatial Analysis Models

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第2期16卷 115-135页

作者： Maria Assumpta Komugabe Richard Caballero Itamar Shabtai Simon Peter Musinguzi Center for Information Systems & Technology Claremont Graduate University Claremont California USA Department of Information Technology Faculty of Business and ICT University of Kisubi Entebbe Uganda Faculty of health Sciences University of Kisubi Entebbe Uganda Department of Agriculture Production Faculty of Agriculture Kyambogo University Kyambogo Uganda Department of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Uganda Martyrs University Kampala Uganda

The resurgence of locally acquired malaria cases in the USA and the persistent global challenge of malaria transmission highlight the urgent need for research to prevent this disease. Despite significant eradication efforts, malaria remains a serious threat, particularly in regions like Africa. This study explores how integrating Gregor’s Type IV theory with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) improves our understanding of disease dynamics, especially Malaria transmission patterns in Uganda. By combining data-driven algorithms, artificial intelligence, and geospatial analysis, the research aims to determine the most reliable predictors of Malaria incident rates and assess the impact of different factors on transmission. Using diverse predictive modeling techniques including Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Neural network, and Random Forest, the study found that;Random Forest model outperformed the others, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy with an R2 of approximately 0.88 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0534, Antimalarial treatment was identified as the most influential factor, with mosquito net access associated with a significant reduction in incident rates, while higher temperatures correlated with increased rates. Our study concluded that the Random Forest model was effective in predicting malaria incident rates in Uganda and highlighted the significance of climate factors and preventive measures such as mosquito nets and antimalarial drugs. We recommended that districts with malaria hotspots lacking Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) coverage prioritize its implementation to mitigate incident rates, while those with high malaria rates in 2020 require immediate attention. By advocating for the use of appropriate predictive models, our research emphasized the importance of evidence-based decision-making in malaria control strategies, aiming to reduce transmission rates and save lives.

关键词： Malaria Predictive Modeling Geospatial Analysis Climate Factors Preventive Measures

Impact,economic evaluation,and sustainability of integrated vector management in urban settings to prevent vector-borne diseases:a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 830-843页

作者： Jorge Marcos-Marcos Antonio Olry de Labry-Lima Silvia Toro-Cardenas Marina Lacasaña Stephanie Degroote Valery Ridde Clara Bermudez-Tamayo Public health Research Group University of AlicanteAlicanteSpain Andalusian School of Public health GranadaSpain Biomedical Research Centre network for Epidemiology and Public health(CIBERESP) MadridSpain Biomedical Research Centre(ibs.GRANADA) GranadaSpain Public health Research Institute(IRSPUM) University of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada IRD(French Institute for Research on Sustainable Development) CEPED(IRD-Universite Paris Descartes)Universites Paris Sorbonne CitesERL INSERM SAGESUDParisFrance

Background:The control of vector-borne diseases(VBD)is one of the greatest challenges on the global health agenda.Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization has heightened the interest in addressing these challenges through an integrated vector management(IVM)approach.The aim was to identify components related to impacts,economic evaluation,and sustainability that might contribute to this integrated approach to VBD prevention.Main body:We conducted a scoping review of available literature(2000-2016)using PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane,CINAHL,Econlit,LILACS,Global health Database,Scopus,and Embase,as well as Tropical Diseases Bulletin,WHOLIS,WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme,and Google Scholar.MeSH terms and free-text terms were used.A data extraction form was used,including TIDieR and ASTAIRE.MMAT and CHEERS were used to evaluate quality.Of the 42 documents reviewed,30 were focused on dengue,eight on malaria,and two on leishmaniasis.More than a half of the studies were conducted in the Americas.Half used a quantitative descriptive approach(n=21),followed by cluster randomized controlled trials(n=11).Regarding impacts,outcomes were:a)use of measures for vector control;b)vector control;c)health measures;and d)social measures.IVM reduced breeding sites,the entomology index,and parasite rates.Results were heterogeneous,with variable magnitudes,but in all cases were favourable to the intervention.evidence of IVM impacts on health outcomes was very limited but showed reduced incidence.Social outcomes were improved abilities and capacities,empowerment,and community knowledge.Regarding economic evaluation,only four studies performed an economic analysis,and intervention benefits outweighed costs.Costeffectiveness was dependent on illness incidence.The results provided key elements to analyze sustainability in terms of three dimensions(social,economic,and environmental),emphasizing the implementation of a community-focused eco-bio-social approach.Conclusions:IVM has an impact on reducing vector breeding sites and the entomology in

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Integrated vector management Urban health Intervention Scoping review

Targeting autophagy and beyond:Deconvoluting the complexity of Beclin-1 from biological function to cancer therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第12期13卷 4688-4714页

作者： Jing Ye Jin Zhang Yanghui Zhu Lian Wang Xian Jiang Bo Liu Gu He Department of Dermatology State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China PLaboratory of Dermatology Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology(CIl)Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular NetworkChengdu 610041China

AbstracBteclin-1 is the firstly-identified mammalian protein of the autophagy machinery,which functions as a molecular scaffold for the assembly of PI3KC3(class II phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)complex,thus controlling autophagy induction and other cellular trafficking events.Notably,there is mounting evidence establishing the implications of Beclin-1 in diverse tumorigenesis processes,including tumor suppression and progression as well as resistance to cancer therapeutics and CSC(cancer stem-like cell)maintenance.More importantly,Beclin-1 has been confirmed as a potential target for the treatment of multiple cancers.In this review,we provide a comprehensive survey of the structure,functions,and regulations of Beclin-1,and we discuss recent advances in understanding the controversial roles of Beclin-1 in oncology.Moreover,we focus on summarizing the targeted Beclin-1-regulating strategies in cancer therapy,providing novel insights into a promising strategy for regulating Beclin-1 to improvecancer therapeutics in thefuture.

关键词： Beclin-1 PI3KC3 complex Autophagy Non-autophagy Cancer therapy