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Discriminating endoscopic features of sessile serrated lesions

Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第10期136卷 1237-1239页

作者： Wen Shi Yuelun Zhang Hanyue Ding Feng Xie Yang Chen Martin CSWong Jingnan Li Dong Wu Department of Gastroenterology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Medical Research Center Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing 100730China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Population Medicine and Public HealthPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy and Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care JC School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of health Research Methods Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntario L8S4L8Canada Centre for health Economics and Policy Analysis McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntario L8S4L8Canada Clinical Epidemiology Unit International Clinical Epidemiology NetworkBeijing 100730China

To the Editor:Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.[1]In addition to the classical adenoma-to-carcinoma model of colorectal carcinogenesis,the serrated neoplastic pathway accounts for 20%–30%of CRCs.Sessile serrated lesions(SSLs),the most common premalignant serrated polyp subtype,share many of the genomic characteristics of post-colonoscopy CRCs and are thus recognized as their precursor lesions.However,SSLs can be easily missed due to their flat shape and subtle endoscopic features.Sometimes they can also be difficult to distinguish from other types of polyps,especially hyperplastic polyps(HPs),which are believed to have no malignant potential.[2]Approximately 10%of polyps initially diagnosed as HPs endoscopically are reclassified as SSLs after histopathological examination,reflecting diagnostic difficulties in colonoscopy.[3,4]Current guidelines recommend“diagnose-and-leave”and“resect-and-discard”strategies for diminutive polyps,which might lead to SSLs being left in situ or diagnoses being missed,[5]raising the risk of recurrence and post-colonoscopy cancers.Furthermore,it remains debatable in the gastrointestinal community whether the risks of resecting SSLs outweigh the reduction in cancer risk.Any strategy that improves the diagnostic accuracy of SSLs could have a meaningful clinical impact.

关键词： lesions endoscopic meaningful

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Increased mutant KRAS gene dosage drives pancreatic cancer progression: evidence for wild-type KRAS as a tumor suppressor?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第5期7卷 403-405页

作者： Oliver A. Kent Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto Medical Discovery Tower Toronto Canada

RAS genes are most commonly associated with gain-of function mutations that promote oncogenic behavior. Activating mutations in KRAS occur in 90–95% cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) a deadly and highly metastatic disease. Currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, PDAC presents with a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 5% (1).

关键词： KRAS dosage cancer

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A comparison study on structure-function relationship of polysaccharides obtained from sea buckthorn berries using different methods:antioxidant and bile acid-binding capacity

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 494-505页

作者： Qiaoyun Li Zuman Dou Qingfei Duan Chun Chen Ruihai Liu Yueming Jiang Bao Yang Xiong Fu SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology381 Wushan RoadGuangzhou 510640China Guangzhou Institute of Modern Industrial Technology Nansha 511458China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety Guangzhou 510640China Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human health(111 Center) Guangzhou 510640China Department of Food Science Stocking HallCornell UniversityIthaca 14853USA South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.

关键词： Sea buckthorn Extraction method Structure Rheological properties Antioxidant activity Bile acid binding capacity

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青藏高原东北部湖泊浮游植物对气候振荡的响应:来自1400年沉积物岩芯的证据

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Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1208-1211页

作者：张含笑郑佳楠王荣刘永高扬吴丰昌霍守亮 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the Water Tower of Asia, is home to 1424 lakes with areas of greater than 1 km2, and supplies freshwater resources for more than 1.4 billion people [1,2]. In the context of recent global change, the warmer climate has caused prominent changes in the characteristics of the lake evolution on the Tibetan Plateau, such as changes in the hydrology.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原东北部

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Caspase-1 and Gasdermin D Afford the Optimal Targets with Distinct Switching Strategies in NLRP1b Inflammasome-Induced Cell Death

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Research 2022年第4期2022卷 463-479页

作者： Xiang Li Peipei Zhang Zhiyong Yin Fei Xu Zhang-Hua Yang Jun Jin Jing Qu Zhilong Liu Hong Qi Chenggui Yao Jianwei Shuai Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China National Institute for Data Science in health and Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Complex Systems Research Center Shanxi UniversityShanxiTaiyuan 030006China College of Data Science Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000China Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)and Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of ChineseAcademyof SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325001China

Inflammasomes are essential complexes of innate immune system, which form the first line of host defense against pathogens. Mounting evidence accumulates that inflammasome signaling is highly correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of inflammasome signaling. Combining mathematical modeling with experimental analysis of NLRP1b inflammasome signaling, we found that only the expression levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD have the potential to individually switch cell death modes. Reduction of caspase-1 or GSDMD switches cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Caspase-1 and GSDMD present different thresholds and exert distinct pathway choices in switching death modes. Pyroptosis switches to apoptosis with an extremely low threshold level of caspase-1, but with a high threshold of GSDMD. Caspase-1-impaired cells employ ASC-caspase-8-dependent pathway for apoptosis, while GSDMD-impaired cells primarily utilize caspase-1-dependent pathway. Additionally, caspase-1 and GSDMD can severally ignite the cooccurrence of pyroptosis and apoptosis. Landscape topography unravels that the cooccurrence is dramatically different in caspase-1- and GSDMD-impaired cells. Besides pyroptosis state and apoptosis state, a potential new “coexisting” state in single cells is proposed when GSDMD acts as the driving force of the landscape. The “seesaw model” is therefore proposed, which can well describe the death states that are controlled by caspase-1 or GSDMD in single cells. Our study sheds new light on NLRP1b inflammasome signaling and uncovers the switching mechanisms among various death modes, providing potential clues to guide the development of more rational control strategies for diseases.

关键词： impaired utilize rational

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Liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal metastasis:a new hope

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第5期9卷 665-668页

作者： Andre Gorgen Tommy Ivanics Gonzalo Sapisochin Multi-Organ Transplant Program Division of General SurgeryUniversity Health NetworkToronto General HospitalTorontoCanada

Despite recent advances in medical and surgical treatments,surgical resection remains the only curative option for patients with colorectal liver metastasis(CRLM).Unfortunately,only a minority of patients with CRLM are candidates for liver resection.The 5-year survival of patients with liver-only disease and deemed unresectable is difficult to quantify but likely ranges around 5 to 10%.Since 2013,a few studies have shown that liver transplantation(LT)is feasible for selected patients with unresectable CRLM(1,2).Recently,the Oslo University Hospital LT group has published their latest results with modified selection criteria and should be congratulated for their efforts.Nevertheless,the evidence available is still developing.For example,currently,there is a lack of robust evidence supporting the widespread use of LT for CRLM outside Norway,a particular region in terms of graft scarcity.

关键词： metastasis colorectal likely

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Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: the often-neglected practice

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 77-79页

作者： Jennifer Sammon Korosh Khalili Department of Medical Imaging University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Joint Department of Medical Imaging University Health NetworkSinai Health SystemWomen’s College HospitalTorontoONCanada

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer worldwide and as such represents a significant global health burden. The clinical societies dedicated to the study of liver diseases all recommend routine surveillance for those at risk. These societies include the Asian-Pacific, European, and American associations for the study of liver disease. The aim of surveillance is to prolong survival, which is to diagnose HCC when the patient remains eligible for potentially curative interventions including resection and transplantation. In a detailed review published recently, Kanwal and Singal discuss the evidence for HCC surveillance, evaluate current surveillance methods and point out new imaging and serological initiatives to improve on current method (1). Their review covers some familiar topics and point to new endeavors in improving the effectiveness of HCC surveillance. In regards to their review article, several important points need to be emphasized as follows.

关键词： routine diseases clinical

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Traditional Chinese Medicine guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第6期40卷 891-896页

作者： Liang Ning Ma Yanfang Wang Jingya Li Huizhen Wang Xiaohui Jiao Liwen Liu Bin Ma Yan Zhao Chen Luo Xufei Zhao Siya Lu Meng Cao Jin Hu Wenpin Zhang Hairong Liu Guoxiu Lu Cheng Liu Mengyu Li Li Han Xuejie Liu Yuqi Wang Liying Zhao Xueyao Wei Dongfeng Bai Jing Sun Mingyu Yang Yong Wu Xiaodan Chen Yaolong Shi Nannan Wang Yanping Wang Yongyan Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China evidence-Based Medicine Center School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Public health Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029China Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203China Chinese GRADE Center Lanzhou 730000China Lanzhou University an Affiliate of the Cochrane China NetworkLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

OBJECTIVE:To summarize the evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practice in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and provide timely clinical practice guidance.METHODS:The guidelines were developed in accordance with the World health Organization rapid guideline process.The evidence on TCM for COVID-19 from published guidelines,direct and indirect published clinical evidence,first hand clinical data,and expert experience and consensus were collected.The grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE)method was used to grade the evidence and make the recommendations.RESULTS:Based on the available evidence,the guidelines recommended 17 Chinese medicines for COVID-19:2 Chinese herbal granules,7 Chinese patent medicines,and 8 Chinese herbal injections.CONCLUSION:As the literature search was conducted on March,any subsequent versions of these guidelines require an up-to-date literature review.We hope that the evidence summary in these guidelines will be helpful in global efforts to address COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Medicine Chinese traditional Practice guideline

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography for differentiating mass-forming pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:a meta-analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第17期136卷 2028-2036页

作者： Jie Yang Jiayan Huang Yonggang Zhang Keyu Zeng Min Liao Zhenpeng Jiang Wuyongga Bao Qiang Lu Department of Ultrasound West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China The Chinese Centre of evidence-Based Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Background:Patients with mass-forming pancreatitis(MFP)or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)presented similar clinical symptoms,but required different treatment approaches and had different survival outcomes.This meta-analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)and contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)in differentiating MFP from PDAC.Methods:A literature search was performed in the PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),Cochrane Library(CENTRAL),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Weipu(VIP),and WanFang databases to identify original studies published from inception to August 20,2021.Studies reporting the diagnostic performances of CEUS and CECT for differentiating MFP from PDAC were included.The meta-analysis was performed with Stata 15.0 software.The outcomes included the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio(+LR),negative likelihood ratio(-LR),diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),and summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curves of CEUS and CECT.Meta-regression was conducted to investigate heterogeneity.Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to indirectly compare the overall diagnostic performance.Results:Twenty-six studies with 2115 pancreatic masses were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for MFP were 82%(95%confidence interval[CI],73%-88%;I^(2)=0.00%)and 95%(95%CI,90%-97%;I^(2)=63.44%),respectively;the overall+LR,-LR,and DOR values were 15.12(95%CI,7.61-30.01),0.19(95%CI,0.13-0.29),and 78.91(95%CI,30.94-201.27),respectively;and the area under the SROC curve(AUC)was 0.90(95%CI,0.87-92).However,the overall sensitivity and specificity of CECT were 81%(95%CI,75-85%;I^(2)=66.37%)and 94%(95%CI,90-96%;I^(2)=74.87%);the overall+LR,-LR,and DOR values were 12.91(95%CI,7.86-21.20),0.21(95%CI,0.16-0.27),and 62.53(95%CI,34.45-113.51),respectively;and,the SROC AUC was 0.92(95%CI,0.90-0.94).The overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS was comparable to that of CECT for the differential diagnosis of MFP and PDAC(relative DOR 1.26,95%CI[0.

关键词： Pancreatitis Pancreatic neoplasms Ultrasonography Tomography,X-ray computed Meta-analysis

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A novel heterologous receptor-binding domain dodecamer universal mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第10期13卷 4291-4304页

作者： Shugang Qin Hai Huang Wen Xiao Kepan Chen Xi He Xiaoshan Tang Zhiying Huang Yupei Zhang Xing Duan Na Fan Qian Zheng Min Wu Guangwen Lu Yuquan Wei Xiawei Wei Xiangrong Song Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

There are currently approximately 4000 mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein gene and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to spread rapidly worldwide.Universal vaccines with high efficacy and safety urgently need to be developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 variants pandemic.Here,we described a novel self-assembling universal mRNA vaccine containing a heterologous receptorbinding domain(HRBD)-based dodecamer(HRBD^(dodecamer))against SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Alpha(B.1.1.7),Beta(B.1.351),Gamma(B.1.***.28.1),Delta(B.1.617.2)and Omicron(B.1.1.529).HRBD containing four heterologous RBD(Delta,Beta,Gamma,and Wild-type)can form a stable dodecameric conformation under T4 trimerization tag(Flodon,FD).The HRBD^(dodecamer)-encoding mRNA was then encapsulated into the newly-constructed LNPs consisting of a novel ionizable lipid(4N4T).The obtained universal mRNA vaccine(4N4T-HRBD^(dodecamer))presented higher efficiency in mRNA transfection and expression than the approved ALC-0315 LNPs,initiating potent immune protection against the immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 caused by evolutionary mutation.These findings demonstrated the first evidence that structure-based antigen design and mRNA delivery carrier optimization may facilitate the development of effective universal mRNA vaccines to tackle SARS-CoV-2 variants pandemic.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 variants pandemic Universal mRNA vaccines Antigen design Heterologous RBD RBD dodecamer Lipid nanoparticles Ionizable lipids Immune escape

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