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Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Syphilis Prevalence and Risk Factors among Migrant Workers in Konongo, Ghana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2014年第3期4卷 132-141页

作者： Andrew A. Adjei James Brandful Mark Lurie Margaret Lartey Francis Krampa Awewura Kwara Theophilus K. Adiku Yao Tettey Richard K. Gyasi Aaron L. Lawson Timothy Flanigan Brown University School of Medicine Rhode Island USA Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Legon Ghana University of Ghana Medical School College of Health Sciences Accra Ghana

Migrant workers, particularly gold mining workers, have been identified as a group at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infections in a sample of migrants (Ghanaian citizens [156] and non-Ghanaian citizens [8]) working in a gold mining centres in Konongo, Ghana. The study was conducted between the months of January 2013 to December 2013. Of a total of 600 eligible migrant workers, only 164 (27.33%;males 114, females 50) of the eligible migrants took part in the study. Subjects voluntarily completed a risk-factor questionnaire and provided blood specimen for testing for the presence of antibodies to HIV and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. These data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. The median age of the participants was 29.0 years (range 18 - 62 years). Of the 164 migrant workers tested, HIV and syphilis seroprevalence were 6.7% and 3.7% respectively. On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for HIV infection were being female [odds ratio (OR) 2.94;95% confidence interval (95% CI 0.86 - 10.0);unmarried (OR 10.13;95% CI 1.2 - 81.09);drug use (OR 3.76;95% CI 0.38 - 36.3);and blood transfusion (OR 2.45;95% CI 0.27 - 22.37). Similarly, on multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for syphilis infection were having concurrent sexual partners (OR 2.16;95% CI 0.38 - 12.12);and blood transfusion (OR 5.07;95% CI 0.51 - 50.37). Consistent with similar studies worldwide, our results suggest high prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among migrant workers who work in gold mining centres in Ghana.

关键词： HIV Seropositivity Syphilis Seropositivity Migrant Workers Gold Mining Centres Risk Factors

Reasons for Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation among Newly Delivered Women in Two First-Category Hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期10卷 474-485页

作者： Félicitée Nguefack Dany Hermann Ngwanou Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo Louise Ejake Evelyn Mungyeh Mah Guy Wafeu Danny Stève Fodoung Wamba Andreas Chiabi Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicals Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development of the mother and the child. According to the World health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiate... 详细信息

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development of the mother and the child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within 30 minutes. For a number of reasons, WHO recommendations on guiding principles for infants and young children feeding are often not followed. Objective: To determine the reasons for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in newly delivered women. Means and Method: We carried out a mixed cross-sectional study over a period of six months from December 1st 2018 to May 31st 2019, at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. We included all mothers with full-term or premature babies weighing ≥ 2000 grams and those whom initiated breastfeeding more than one hour after delivery. The mother’s reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were recorded using a dictaphone and data were accurately extracted for analysis. Results: We interviewed 153 mothers. Their mean age was 27.9 ± 6.2 years. The main reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were caesarean delivery (22%), the belief in “spoiled milk” (21%), lack of knowledge about the time to initiate breastfeeding (21%), baby asleep (18%), and lack of instruction given to the mother by the health staff (2%). Conclusion: Delayed breastfeeding was common in our cont

关键词： Childbirth Breastfeeding Delay Reasons Yaoundé

Structural Basis of Glycan Recognition in Globally Predominant Human P[8]Rotavirus

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第2期35卷 156-170页

作者： Xiaoman Sun Lei Dang Dandi Li Jianxun Qi Mengxuan Wang Wengang Chai Qing Zhang Hong Wang Ruixia Bai Ming Tan Zhaojun Duan National health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Beijing 102206China National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDC.Beijing 102206China Inner Mongolia Medical University Huhehaote 010059China Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Glycosciences Laboratory Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Division of Infectious Diseases University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA

Rotavirus(RV)causes acute gastroenteritis in infants and children *** studies showed that glycans such as histo-blood group antigens(HBGAs)function as cell attachment factors affecting RV host susceptibility and prevalence.P[8]is the predominant RV genotype in humans,but the structural basis of how P[8]RVs interact with glycan ligands remains *** this study,we characterized the interactions between P[8]VP8~*s and glycans which showed that VP8~*,the RV glycan binding domain,recognized both mucin core 2 and H type 1 antigens according to the ELISA-based oligosaccharide binding ***,we determined the structural basis of P[8]RV-glycans interaction from the crystal structures of a Rotateq P[8]VP8~*in complex with core 2 and H type 1 glycans at 1.82.3?,respectively,revealing a common binding pocket and similar binding *** and sequence analysis demonstrated that the glycan binding site is conserved among RVs in the P[Ⅱ]genogroup,while genotype-specific amino acid variations determined different glycan binding *** data elucidated the detailed structural basis of the interactions between human P[8]RVs and different host glycan factors,shedding light on RV infection,epidemiology,and development of anti-viral agents.

关键词： Rotavirus(RV)·P Glycan binding specificity VPS*structure Mucin core 2 Lacto-N-fucopentaose 1(LNFPl)

analysis of the Incidence and Mortality of Common Malignant Tumors in the Xishan District Residence in 2016

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2019年第4期3卷 13-20页

作者： Dazhuo Lu Weilin Zhang Meiqiong Jiang Xinxia Zhou Xuejing Xia Center for Disease Control and Prevention Xishan DistrictKunming 650118Yunnan rovincesChina Xiyuan Community health Service Center Xishan DistrictKunming 650118Yunnan rovincesChina

Objective:To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in xishan district in 2016,and to provide scientific basis for tumor prevention and ***:The 2016 malignant tumor registration report data in xishan district were collected and analyzed,stratified according to gender and age,and the reported incidence of malignant tumor in xishan district was calculated and analyzed(all the following incidence rates belong to the reported incidence),gender,age incidence,bid acceptance rate,mortality and other related ***:The total registered population of malignant tumor in xishan district in 2016 was 540,494(268,553 males and 271,941 females),and 876 new cases were *** incidence rate was 162.07/105,the bid-winning rate was 176.39/105,the world standard rate was 91.16/105,and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 10.44%.The incidence of malignant tumors in males(159.00/105)was lower than that in females(165.11/105).Incidence increases with age,rises sharply and rapidly around age 40,and declines after reaching a peak at age *** cancer,colorectal cancer,thyroid cancer and female breast cancer are common malignant tumors in the western mountainous *** accounts for about 55%of the total number of new malignant *** 2016,653 people died of malignant tumors in xishan *** mortality rate was 120.82/105(male mortality 151.11/105,female mortality 90.46/105),the bidwinning mortality rate was 43.53/105,and the bidwinning mortality rate was 57.72/*** cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer and stomach cancer are the malignant tumors with high mortality,accounting for about 62%of the ***:The morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors are relatively high in xishan district,and prevention and control of lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,female breast cancer and thyroid cancer should be emphasized.

关键词： Cancer Incidence rate Mortality Prevent

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of the Upper Airway of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Muller Maneuver

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2015年第3期35卷 464-468页

作者：聂萍徐晓珑唐艳梅王晓玲薛晓晨吴亚东朱敏 Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Science Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Top Priority Clinical Medical Center of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Department of Stomatology Pudong New District Oculopathy Odontopathy Dispensary School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This study aimed to use computer simulation to describe the fluid dynamic characteristics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome（OSAS） and to evaluate the difference between during quiet respiration and the Muller maneuver（MM）. Seven patients with OSAS were involved to perform computed tomographic（CT） scanning during quiet respiration and the MM. CT data in DICOM format were transformed into an anatomically three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics（CFD） model of the upper airway. The velocity magnitude, relative pressure, and flow distribution were obtained. Numerical simulation of airflow was performed to discuss how the MM affected airflow in the upper airway. To measure the discrepancy, the SPSS19.0 software package was utilized for statistic analysis. The results showed that the shape of the upper airway became narrower, and the pressure decreased during the MM. The minimal cross-sectional area（MCSA） of velopharynx was significantly decreased（P〈0.05） and the airflow velocity in MCSAs of velopharynx and glossopharynx significantly accelerated（P〈0.05） during the MM. This study demonstrated the possibility of CFD model combined with the MM for understanding pharyngeal aerodynamics in the pathophysiology of OSAS.

关键词： upper airway obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Muller maneuver computational fluid dynamics

Epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest:A critical review

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2013年第2期4卷 85-91页

作者： Peter M.Reardon Kirk Magee Dalhousie Medical School HalifaxB3H 4R2Nova ScotiaCanada Dalhousie Department of Emergency Medicine QEII Health Sciences Centre

BACKGROUND:Epinephrine is recommended in advanced cardiac life support guidelines for use in adult cardiac arrest,and has been used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation since ***,despite its long time use and incorporation into guidelines,epinephrine suffers from a paucity of evidence regarding its influence on *** critical review was conducted to address the knowledge deficit regarding epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its effect on return of spontaneous circulation,survival to hospital discharge,and neurological ***:The EMBASE and MEDLINE(through the Pubmed interface) databases,and the Cochrane library were searched with the key words "epinephrine", "cardiac arrest" and variations of these *** research studies concerning epinephrine use in adult,out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were selected for further ***:The search yielded nine eiigible studies based on inclusion *** includes five prospective cohort studies,one retrospective cohort study,one survival analysis,one case control study,and one RCT The evidence clearly establishes an association between epinephrine and increased return of spontaneous circulation,the data were conflicting concerning survival to hospital discharge and neurological ***:The results of this review exhibit the paucity of evidence regarding the use of epinephrine in out of hospital cardiac *** is currently insufficient evidence to support or reject its administration during *** sample,placebo controlled,double blind,randomized control trials need to be performed to definitively establish the effect of epinephrine on both survival to hospital discharge and the neurological outcomes of treated patients.

关键词： Emergency medicine Epinephrine Cardiac arrest Prehospital Out-of-hospital Resuscitation

analysis of the Onset and Mortality of Common Malignant Tumors Among Registered Residents in Xishan District in 2016

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2020年第1期4卷 12-18页

作者： Xuejing Xia Dazhuo Lu Meiqiong Jiang Xinxia Zhou Weilin Zhang Xishan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kunming 650118Yunnan ProvinceChina Xishan District Xiyuan Community health Service Center Kunming 650118Yunnan ProvinceChina

Objective:To analyse the cancer incidence and mortality in xishan district in 2016,and to provide scientific basis for tumor prevention and ***:The 2016 malignant tumor registration report data in xishan district were collected and analysed,stratified according to gender and age,and the reported incidence of malignant tumor in xishan district was calculated and analysed(all the following incidence rates belong to the reported incidence),gender,age incidence,bid acceptance rate,mortality and other related ***:The total registered population of malignant tumor in xishan district in 2016 was 540,494(268553 males and 271941 females),and 876 new cases were *** incidence rate was 162.07/105,the bid-winning rate was 176.39/105,the world standard rate was 91.16/105,and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 10.44%.The incidence of malignant tumors in males(159.00/105)was lower than that in females(165.11/105).Incidence increases with age,rises sharply and rapidly around age 40,and declines after reaching a peak at age *** cancer,colorectal cancer,thyroid cancer and female breast cancer are common malignant tumors in the western mountainous *** accounts for about 55%of the total number of new malignant *** 2016,653 people died of malignant tumors in xishan *** mortality rate was 120.82/105(male mortality 151.11/105,female mortality 90.46/105),the bidwinning mortality rate was 43.53/105,and the bidwinning mortality rate was 57.72/*** cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer and stomach cancer are the malignant tumors with high mortality,accounting for about 62%of the ***:The morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors are relatively high in xishan district,and prevention and control of lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer,female breast cancer and thyroid cancer should be emphasized.

关键词： Cancer Incidence rate Mortality Prevent

Advocacy Coalition by External Actors and Strategies Used to Influence the Emergence of the National Nutrition Policy in Lao PDR

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health 2021年第8期13卷 812-829页

作者： Viengsamay Sengchaleun Mamane Abdoulaye Samri Sengchanh Kounnavong Daniel Reinharz Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Canada Faculty of Nursing Laval University Quebec City Canada Lao Tropical and Public health Institute Vientiane Laos

This article aims to explore the coalition of external actors and the strategies it deployed to influence the emergence of the National Nutrition Policy (NNP) in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The Advocacy Coalition Framework and the conceptual model of Effective Advocacy Strategies for Influencing Government Nutrition Policy were used to frame the data collection and their analysis. Sources of information were semi-structured interviews conducted with government and external actors, as well as all available documents on nutrition policy in Laos. The commitment of the government to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to leave the Least Developed Country status created a favorable condition to support the emergence of the NNP in Laos. This context was a driving force for the building of an effective and convincing coalition of United Nations agencies able to accompany the government in redefining health priorities. Various strategies were used by the coalition to this end, including generating, disseminating, and using scientific evidence, assisting the government with a budget and technical expertise, providing decision-makers with opportunities to learn from other countries, and building relationships with the key actor. External actors can be a major force to support the emergence of a public policy in Laos, but this requires a window of opportunity like what the MDGs have been able to bring.

关键词： External Actors Advocacy Coalition Strategy Influence Nutrition Policy Lao PDR

Effect of institutional volume on laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes: Systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Meta-analysis 2015年第1期3卷 26-35页

作者： Muireann Murray Donagh A Healy John Ferguson Khalid Bashar Seamus McHugh Mary Clarke Moloney Stewart R Walsh Department of Surgery University Hospital Limerick Department of Nephrology Graduate Entry Medical School University of Limerick health Research Institute University of Limerick Department of Surgery University College Hospital

AIM: To determine whether institutional laparoscopy cholecystectomy(LC) volume affects rates of mortality, conversion to open surgery, bile leakage and bile duct injury(BDI).METHODS: Eligible studies were prospective or retrospective cohort studies that provided data on outcomes from consecutive LC procedures in single institutions. Relevant outcomes were mortality, conversion to open surgery, bile leakage and BDI. We performed a Medline search and extracted data. A regression analysis using generalized estimating equations were used to determine the influence of annual institutional LC caseload on outcomes. A sensitivity analysis was performed including only those studies that were published after ***: Seventy-three cohorts(127404 LC procedures) were included. Average complication rates were 0.06% for mortality, 3.23% for conversion, 0.44% for bile leakage and 0.28% for bile duct injury. Annual institutional caseload did not influence rates of mortality(P = 0.142), bile leakage(P = 0.111) or bile duct injury(P = 0.198) although increasing caseload was associated with reduced incidence of conversion(P = 0.019). Results from the sensitivity analyses were ***: Institutional volume is a determinant of LC complications. It is unclear whether volume is directly linked to complication rates or whether it is an index for protocolised care.

关键词： Abdominal Cholecystectomy Quality control Systematic review Meta-analysis