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Extreme Events Assessment Methodology Coupling Debris Flow,Flooding and Tidal Levels in the Coastal Floodplain of the Sao Paulo North Coast(Brazil)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第5期4卷 30-38页

作者： Rafael de Oliveira Sakai Diego Lourenco Cartacho Emilia Arasaki Paolo Alfredini Alessandro Pezzoli Wilson Cabral de Sousa Junior Maurizio Rosso Luca Magni Polytechnic School of Sao Paulo University Department of Hydraulic and Environmental EngineeringHarbour and Coastal Area of the Hydraulic LaboratoryAvenida Professor Luciano GualbertoTravessa 3n.380Cidade UniversitariaSao PauloBrazil National Institute of for Space Research Av.Dos Astronautas n.1758Sao Jose dos CamposSao PauloBrazil Polytechnic of Torino Engineering FacultyDepartment of EnvironmentLand and Infrastructure EngineeringCorso Duca degli Abruzzi n.24TorinoItaly Technological Institute of Aeronautics Infrastructure Engineering DivisionDepartment of Hydric Resources and Environmental SanitationPraca Marechal Eduardo Gomes n.50ITA-IEISao Jose dos CamposSao PauloBrazil Studio Rosso Ingegneri Associati s.r.l. Corso Principe OddoneTorinoItaly

The North Coastal Region of the State of S?o Paulo, which comprises the Municipalities of Caraguatatuba, S?o Sebasti?o, Ilhabela and Ubatuba, is one of the most prone to flooding and debris flow deposition Brazilian areas, owing to hydrological extreme rainfall events usually coupled with extreme tidal levels. This risk is also high due to human lives and material assets, with increasing population rates and the establishment of large companies such as the Oil industry, with reduced defense/prevention measures and *** catastrophic scenario of the city of Caraguatatuba, in March 1967, resulting from one of the most serious natural disasters in Brazil, fosters discussions about probabilities of heavy rainfall-caused events and rise in the sea level in coastal areas. Hence, this research is a consequence of this reality. The research is founded on an innovative methodology based on the analysis of past data of rainfall and tidal stations, complemented with debris flow registers in the region of the north coastal zone of the State of S?o Paulo (Brazil). The anaysis developed involved the meteorological, hydraulic, geotechnical and statistical knowledge *** results are intended to be used for urban planning, designs of macro-drainage, fluvial, maritime projects and debris flow retention structures. These practical applications will then associate the probability of occurrence of certain types of heavy rainfall-caused events such as flooding or debris flow coupled with a corresponding increase in tidal levels.

关键词： Meteorology hydrology Maritime Hydraulics Rainfall Tidal Levels Extreme Events Natural Disasters Geomorphology Debris-Flow Flooding

Assessment of Climate Change’s Impacts on River Flows in the Songwe Sub-Basin

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Open Journal of Modern hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 141-164页

作者： Lupakisyo G. Mwalwiba Gislar E. Kifanyi Edmund Mutayoba Julius M. Ndambuki Nyemo Chilagane College of Engineering and Technology Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania department of Irrigation and Water Supply Engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania

River flow in the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to alter due to climate change, which would have an impact on aquatic habitats, infrastructure, and people’s way of life. Therefore, the influence of climate change should be taken into account when making decisions about the sustainable management of water resources in the sub-basin. This study looked into how river discharge would react to climate change in the future. By contrasting hydrological characteristics simulated under historical climate (1981-2010) with projected climate (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) under two emission scenarios, the effects of climate change on river flow were evaluated (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The ensemble average of four CORDEX regional climate models was built to address the issue of uncertainty introduced by the climate models. The SWAT model was force-calibrated using the results from the generated ensemble average for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios in order to mimic the river flow during past (1981-2010) and future (2011-2100) events. The increase in river flows for the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to be largest during the rainy season by both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Under RCP 8.5, the abrupt decrease in river flow is anticipated to reach its maximum in March 2037, when the discharge will be 44.84 m3/sec, and in March 2027, when the discharge will be 48 m3/sec. The extreme surge in river flow will peak, according to the RCA4, in February 2023, in April 2083 under RCP 4.5, and, according to the CCLM4 and RCA4, in November 2027 and November 2046, respectively. The expected decrease and increase in river flow throughout both the dry and wet seasons may have an impact on the management of the sub-water basin’s resources, biodiversity, and hydraulic structures. The right adaptations and mitigation strategies should be adopted in order to lessen the negative consequences of climate change on precipitation, temperature, and river flow in t

关键词： Climate Change Climate Models Songwe River Sub-Basin River Flow SWAT

Runoff Management, Wetland hydrology, and Biodiversity Relations in Minnesota＇s Red River Basin Wetlands

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第1期1卷 107-124页

作者： StevenI．Apfelbaum John. D. Eppicht James A. Solstada Applied Ecological Services Inc. Chairman/Founder and Senior Ecologist Wisconsin 53520 USA Waterflow Consultants Environmental Engineer Illinois 61820 USA Minnesota department of Natural Resources Division of Waters Technical Analysis Program Hydrologist Minnesota 55155USA

The authors assessed if wetlands can contribute to flood damage reduction in the Red River Basin, Minnesota, by providing reliable flood water storage. hydrology and biodiversity in 28 natural and restored wetlands suggested uncontrolled natural wetlands provided the highest mean annual flood storage at 15 cm of runoff while single and 2-stage outlet controlled wetlands provided 3.0 and 8.1 cm of runoff control. Natural controlled wetlands, followed by 2-stage and single stage outlet controlled restorations provided 10.2, 6.6, and 2.2 cm of storage for early summer storm events. Two years of recorded water levels and a 20-year continuous meteorological record were used to model ＂temporary water level increases＂ in each wetland. Species diversity, hydrology, and watershed land use variables are inversely related where high quality and diverse wetlands had the lowest amplitude and frequency of water level increases, while low quality wetlands had the highest. Uncontrolled natural wetlands had the highest biological diversity and the lowest frequency and magnitude of temporary water levels increased. A significant biodiversity declines were measured where water level increases were greater than 2.7 meters. Strong multi-linear relationships between watershed land uses and watershed/wetland ratio explained wetland hydraulic performance and biodiversity relations （r2 ranging from 0.6-0.8）. Non-native wetland plant diversity increased with greater water level dynamics.

关键词： Diversity and hydrology floodwater in wetlands water level dynamics.

A Technical Note: Orientation of Cracks and hydrology in a Shrink-Swell Soil

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第2期2卷 91-94页

作者： Takele M. Dinka Robert J. Lascano department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA USDA-ARS1 Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit Lubbock TX USA.

Crack orientations are an important soil physical property that affects water flow, particularly in vertic soils. However, the spatial and temporal variability of crack orientations across different land uses and gilgai features is not well-documented and addressed in hydrology models. Thus;there is a need to quantify crack orientations for different land uses and to incorporate their spatial and temporal dynamics into hydrological models. Our objectives were to document the spatial variability of cracks orientations across two land uses and to demonstrate the potential importance of crack orientation related to the hydrology of Vertisols. The exploratory field measurements of the spatial distribution of crack orientations across two Vertisol catenae of two land uses and gilgai features are presented. The field survey showed the complexity of crack geometry in a field, the potential impact of crack orientation on Vertisol hydrology and the challenges associated with measurement of crack orientations.

关键词： Crack Orientation hydrology

A review of the 19th International Symposium on geodynamics and earth tide, Wuhan 2021

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第1期14卷 4-14页

作者： Xiaodong Chen Heping Sun Carla Braitenberg Wei Feng Xiaoming Cui State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyCASWuhanPR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingPR China University of Trieste Department of Mathematics and GeosciencesVia Weiss 134100TriesteItaly School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519082PR China

Modern geodetic technologies such as high-precision ground gravity measurements,satellite gravity measurements,the global navigation satellite system,remote sensing methods,*** rich observation data for monitoring various geodynamic processes of the global Earth and its *** 19th International Symposium on Geodynamics and Earth Tides brought together scientific researchers from 26 countries around the world,shared the application of various measurements in different geoscience issues,covering Earth tidal deformation,oceanic and atmospheric loading effects,earthquake cycle,hydrology,Earth rotation changes,etc.,and provided a precious exchange platform for global peers.

关键词： Earth tides Gravity Earthquake Earth rotation hydrology

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大流域水文模拟:以刚果流域为例（英文）

大流域水文模拟:以刚果流域为例（英文）

2009水资源与可持续发展高层论坛

作者： B.F.ALEMAW J.BAHATI CHISHUGI department of Geology University of BotswanaP.O.Box 45560GaboroneBotswana

＜正＞A GIS-based hydrological model,namely HATWAB-Hybrid Atmospheric and Terrestrial Water Balance was developed to compute water resource availability and for simulation of its spatial and temporal distribution over the Congo River Basin（CRB）. HATWAB model simulates the integrated moisture convergence（C）,soil moisture（SM）, actual evapotranspiration（AET）and runoff（ROF）.The spatial distribution of the simulated parameters shows a strong correlation with the rainfall and high moisture convergence pattern associated with the equatorial forest region especially between±5o of latitude with some disturbances in the lowest rainfall regions of the basin located in the south-eastern and the up-north part of the *** Annual average SM varies between 0 and 400 mm while AET varies between 400 and 1700 mm/year with highest values on the water *** total annual grid ROF varies between varies between 50 and 900 mm per year with an average of 324 mm/*** accumulated ROF computed final outlet of the Congo River Basin reaches 47400 m3/s which is within an error margin of 5%compared to the observed discharge of 45,000 m3/*** HATWAB model still proved its ability of simulating water balance for large scale basins such as the CRB if high quality input data are available and well prepared at acceptable resolution.

关键词： Congo Basin GIS hydrology model Africa

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分层沉积物河流-地下水系统水力连通演化

水科学进展 2022年第1期33卷 135-144页

作者：程大伟詹红兵李洁邓婧芫长安大学水利与环境学院陕西西安710054 长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室陕西西安710054 department of Geology and Geophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-3115USA

为揭示河流-地下水系统水力连通状态演化特征,以分层沉积物季节性失水河流-地下水系统为研究对象,解析水力连通状态判别标准,剖析系统内渗流变异机制,阐明水力连通状态变异类型与机制,完善演化理论框架。构建6个具有不同分层沉积物的河... 详细信息

为揭示河流-地下水系统水力连通状态演化特征,以分层沉积物季节性失水河流-地下水系统为研究对象,解析水力连通状态判别标准,剖析系统内渗流变异机制,阐明水力连通状态变异类型与机制,完善演化理论框架。构建6个具有不同分层沉积物的河流-地下水系统渗流模型,利用数值模拟方法模拟水力连通状态演化及变异。结果表明:湿润锋曲线和饱和带前锋曲线是刻画水力连通状态演化的特征曲线;沉积物内渗透能力和毛细力作用差异是导致变异的原因。湿润锋曲线变异类型为陡坎型、缓坡型或交替型;饱和带前锋曲线变异类型为后移型、前突型或交替型。研究成果为进一步开展河流-地下水系统内水量评估、物质迁移和能量传输研究提供理论支撑。

关键词：河流-地下水系统水力连通状态分层沉积物湿润锋曲线饱和带前锋曲线变异

土壤水文属性及其对水文过程影响研究的进展、挑战与机遇

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地球科学进展 2021年第2期36卷 113-124页

作者：贺缠生田杰张宝庆张兰慧兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室旱区流域科学与水资源研究中心甘肃兰州730000 department of Geography Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008 USA

土壤水文属性对水文过程、能量过程、碳氮循环过程及各过程间相互作用有重要影响。首先简要回顾近30年来土壤水文属性的研究进展,包括土壤水文属性的监测分析、土壤水文属性对水文过程的影响机理,以及不同尺度土壤水文属性对水文过程的... 详细信息

土壤水文属性对水文过程、能量过程、碳氮循环过程及各过程间相互作用有重要影响。首先简要回顾近30年来土壤水文属性的研究进展,包括土壤水文属性的监测分析、土壤水文属性对水文过程的影响机理,以及不同尺度土壤水文属性对水文过程的影响差异及联系。其次,论述土壤水文属性研究的挑战与机遇。最后介绍祁连山区土壤水文属性对水文过程的影响及多尺度特征研究。力求加深对土壤水文属性变异规律及其对水文过程影响机理的认知,发展土壤水文学和山区水文学,支持水资源科学管理和区域可持续发展。

关键词：土壤水文属性水文过程尺度特征水资源管理

自由流体层与多孔介质层界面的盐指现象的统一域法模拟

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物理学报 2020年第21期69卷 84-92页

作者：张先飞王玲玲朱海曾诚河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室南京210098 河海大学水利水电工程学院南京210098 department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMA 02543USA

自由流体层和多孔介质层交界处同时存在温度梯度和盐度梯度会导致盐指型双扩散对流的发生,改变流体的运动状态,进而影响物质输移规律.本文建立了流体层与多孔介质层界面双扩散耦合模型,模型采用统一域法,在上下层分别计算水动力-温度-... 详细信息

自由流体层和多孔介质层交界处同时存在温度梯度和盐度梯度会导致盐指型双扩散对流的发生,改变流体的运动状态,进而影响物质输移规律.本文建立了流体层与多孔介质层界面双扩散耦合模型,模型采用统一域法,在上下层分别计算水动力-温度-浓度输运方程,用快速傅里叶变换求解统一域内流函数方程.计算分析了ϕ=0.35,0.40,1的三个典型工况,研究在多孔介质层不同孔隙率下盐指的对流结构和演变过程,讨论了稳定密度分层下物质输移现象及其输运特性.结果表明,与分层水体中的盐指不同,流体层和多孔介质层界面的盐指具有非对称结构,多孔介质层的下沉盐指较于上升盐指更宽,生长速度慢,在混合区域内具有更好的输运能力.研究发现多孔介质中固体的存在极大地阻碍了盐指对流的生长,同时影响了垂向的物质通量;在孔隙率高的工况中,由盐度的不稳定分层储存的潜在势能更多地转化为动能,从而增加了垂直方向上的物质输运,使盐指具有更强的混合能力.

关键词：多孔介质界面盐指浮力驱动对流