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On the Optimal Initial Inner-Core Size for Tropical Cyclone Intensification: An Idealized Numerical Study

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2141-2155页

作者： Rong FEI Yuqing WANG School of Atmospheric Sciences and Remote Sensing Wuxi UniversityWuxi 214105China State Key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China International Pacific Research Center Department of Atmospheric SciencesSchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.

关键词： tropical cyclones intensification inner-core size idealized simulations

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Targeting stroma and tumor,silencing galectin 1 treats orthotopic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 292-303页

作者： Tahereh Setayesh Ying Hu Farzam Vaziri Xin Chen Jinping Lai Dongguang Wei Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan Department of Medical Pathology and laboratory Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCA 95817USA Cancer Biology Program the University of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHI 96813USA Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95825USA

This study examines inhibiting galectin 1(Gal1)as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting *** data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse *** levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with *** roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression(OE)or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by *** to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations,lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor *** treatment effect of lgals1 siRNAwas further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9%or even 42%of the body *** spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC,inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45t cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 *** the tumors,silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation,elongation,and ***,Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor,and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNAwas ***,Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.

关键词： Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma Carbohydrate-binding lectin Galectin 1 Extracellular matrix Translation Spatial transcriptomics Tumor-margin

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Two aquaporins,PIP1;1 and PIP2;1,mediate the uptake of neonicotinoid pesticides in plants

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 176-188页

作者： Qun Wan Yixin Li Jinjin Cheng Ya Wang Jing Ge Tingli Liu Liya Ma Yong Li Jianan Liu Chunli Zhou Haocong Li Xing Sun Xiaolong Chen Qing X.Li Xiangyang Yu Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province State Key Laboratory Breeding BaseNanjing 210014China Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences50 Zhongling StreetNanjing 210014China Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction laboratory of Special Biomass Resource Utilization Nanjing Xiaozhuang University3601 Hongjin AvenueNanjing 211171China Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Neonicotinoids(NEOs),a large class of organic compounds,are a type of commonly used pesticide for crop *** uptake and accumulation in plants are prerequisites for their intra-and intercellular move-ments,transformation,and *** the molecular mechanisms that underpin NEO uptake by plants is crucial for effective application,which remains ***,we demonstrate that NEOs enter plant cells primarily through the transmembrane symplastic pathway and accumulate mainly in the *** plasma membrane intrinsic proteins discovered in Brassica rapa,BraPIP1;1 and BraPIP2;1,were found to encode aquaporins(AQPs)that are highly permeable to NEOs in different plant species and facilitate NEO subcellular diffusion and *** conserved transport function was further demonstrated in Xenopus laevis oocyte and yeast ***1;1 and BraPIP2;1 gene knockouts and interaction as-says suggested that their proteins can form functional *** of the potential of mean force indicated a negative correlation between NEO uptake and the energy barrier of BraPIP1;1 *** study shows that AQPs transport organic compounds with greater osmolarity than previously thought,providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms of organic compound uptake and facilitating innovations in systemic pesticides.

关键词： neonicotinoid aquaporin Brassica rapa plasma membrane uptake systemic pesticide

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Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 61-78页

作者： Weiyi SUN Deliang CHEN Guonian LÜ Liang NING Chaochao GAO Renhe ZHANG Bin WANG Jian LIU Key laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationSchool of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200437China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Atmosphere-Ocean Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96825USA Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems School of Mathematical ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Open Studio for the Simulation of Ocean-Climate-Isotope Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Major volcanic eruptions(MVEs)have attracted increasing attention from the scientific *** studies have explored the climatic impact of MVEs over the past two ***,proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations indicate divergent responses of global and China’s regional climates to ***,we used multiple data from observations,reconstructions,simulations,and assimilations to summarize the historical facts of MVEs,the characteristics and mechanisms of their climatic impact,and directions for future *** reviewed volcanic datasets and determined intensive MVE periods;these periods corresponded to the years 530–700,1200‒1460,and 1600‒1840 *** tropical MVEs,a substantial cooling effect is observed throughout the globe and China on the interannual-interdecadal time scales but an inconsistent cooling magnitude is detected between reconstructions and *** the first summer after tropical MVEs,a decrease in global and monsoonal precipitation is *** reconstructions and simulations,an increased precipitation is seen for the Yangtze River Basin,while large uncertainties in precipitation changes are present for other regions of *** drought can be induced by frequent eruptions and volcanism superimposed on low solar irradiation and internal *** affect climate directly through the radiative effect and indirectly by modulating internal variability,such as the El Niño‒Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).However,changes in the phase,amplitude,and periodicity of ENSO and AMO after MVEs and the associated mechanisms remain controversial,which could account for model-reconstruction ***,other internal variability,uncertainties in reconstruction methods and aerosol‒climate models,and climate background may also induce model-reconstruction *** gaps and directions for future research are also discussed.

关键词： Major volcanic eruption Climate variability Mechanism Past two millennia Internal variability

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A Physics-informed Deep-learning Intensity Prediction Scheme for Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1391-1402页

作者： Yitian ZHOU Ruifen ZHAN Yuqing WANG Peiyan CHEN Zhemin TAN Zhipeng XIE Xiuwen NIE Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822USA Key laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of the Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Accurate prediction of tropical cyclone(TC)intensity is challenging due to the complex physical processes ***,we introduce a new TC intensity prediction scheme for the western North Pacific(WNP)based on a time-dependent theory of TC intensification,termed the energetically based dynamical system(EBDS)model,together with the use of a long short-term memory(LSTM)neural *** time-dependent theory,TC intensity change is controlled by both the internal dynamics of the TC system and various environmental factors,expressed as environmental dynamical *** LSTM neural network is used to predict the environmental dynamical efficiency in the EBDS model trained using besttrack TC data and global reanalysis data during 1982–*** transfer learning and ensemble methods are used to retrain the scheme using the environmental factors predicted by the Global Forecast System(GFS)of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction during 2017–*** predicted environmental dynamical efficiency is finally iterated into the EBDS equations to predict TC *** new scheme is evaluated for TC intensity prediction using both reanalysis data and the GFS prediction *** intensity prediction by the new scheme shows better skill than the official prediction from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)and those by other state-of-art statistical and dynamical forecast systems,except for the 72-h *** at the longer lead times of 96 h and 120 h,the new scheme has smaller forecast errors,with a more than 30%improvement over the official forecasts.

关键词： tropical cyclones western North Pacific intensity prediction EBDS LSTM

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Effect of the Initial Vortex Structure on Intensity Change During Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Tropical Cyclones:A Numerical Study

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第2期30卷 106-117页

作者：杨昕玮王玉清王慧徐晶占瑞芬 State Key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and International Pacific Research Center School of Earth and Ocean Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822 USA Qingdao Joint Institute of Marine Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationQingdaoShandong 266034 China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 China

This study investigates the effect of the initial tropical cyclone(TC)vortex structure on the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle(ERC)of TCs based on two idealized simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** show that an initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds experienced a much more drastic intensity change during the ERC than an initially larger TC with stronger outer *** is found that an initially larger TC vortex with stronger outer winds favored the development of more active spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall,which slowed down the contraction and intensification of the outer eyewall and thus prolonged the duration of the concentric eyewall and slow intensity *** contrast,the initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds corresponded to higher inertial stability in the inner core and weaker inertial stability but stronger filamentation outside the outer *** led to stronger boundary layer inflow,stronger updraft and convection in the outer eyewall,and suppressed convective activity outside the outer *** resulted in the rapid weakening during the formation of the outer eyewall,followed by a rapid re-intensification of the TC during the *** study demonstrates that accurate initialization of the TC structure in numerical models is crucial for predicting changes in TC intensity during the ***,monitoring the activity of spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall can help to improve short-term intensity forecasts for TCs experiencing ERCs.

关键词： tropical cyclones concentric eyewall inner eyewall and outer eyewall eyewall replacement cycle intensity change

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Drivers of East Asian summer monsoon variability:Global oceans and the Tibetan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2487-2490页

作者： Anmin Duan Guoxiong Wu Bin Wang Andrew G.Turner Jun Hu Wenting Hu Ping Zhang Die Hu Yuheng Tang Center for Marine Meteorology and Climate Change State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental ScienceCollege of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonolulu 96822USA Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReading RG67BEUK

The East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)profoundly influences the hydroclimate,ecosystems,and water resources of a densely populated region in *** EASM can lead to floods,droughts,significant economic losses,and social disruption in East Asia and Southeast *** the Indian and African monsoons,the EASM is shaped by both tropical and extratropical climate systems,including tropical oceanic modes,cross-equatorial airflows,the Madden-Julian Oscillation,the thermal condition of the Tibetan Plateau,the South Asia High,and the mid-latitude westerly jet.

关键词： Tibetan monsoon East

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Elastic Constants of Nickel Oxide

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Chinese Physics Letters 1991年第3期8卷 153-156页

作者： WANG Jifang FISHER,E.S. M.H.Manghnzmi Institute of Physics Academia SinicaBeijing 100080 Argonne National laboratory ArgonneIllinoisUSA hawaii Institute of Geophysics University of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA

Previous measurements of the single crystal elastic constants of NiO by ultrasonic techniques have been in wide *** paper gives the results of recent data obtained from several well characterized NiO single *** present results for the antiferromagnetic phase at 298K are different from the previous data and rectify certain questions about the elastic anisotropy ratio C_(44)/C'and bulk modulus K_(s).

关键词： crystals Elastic modulus

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Efficient ozonation of reverse osmosis concentrates from petroleum refinery wastewater using composite metal oxideloaded alumina

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Petroleum Science 2017年第3期14卷 605-615页

作者： Yu Chen Chun-Mao Chen Brandon A.Yoza Qing X.Li Shao-Hui Guo Ping Wang Shi-Jie Dong Qing-Hong Wang State Key laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control China University of Petroleum hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa

Novel Mn–Fe–Mg-and Mn–Fe–Ce-loaded alumina（Mn–Fe–Mg/Al2O3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3） were developed to catalytically ozonate reverse osmosis concentrates generated from petroleum refinery wastewaters（PRW-ROC）. Highly dispersed 100–300-nm deposits of composite multivalent metal oxides of Mn（Mn^2＋）, Mn^3＋,and Mn^4＋, Fe（Fe^2＋）and Fe^3＋ and Mg（Mg^2＋）, or Ce（Ce^4＋） were achieved on Al2O3 supports. The developed Mn–Fe–Mg/Al2O3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3 exhibited higher catalytic activity during the ozonation of PRW-ROC than Mn–Fe/Al2O3, Mn/Al2O-3, Fe/Al2O3, and Al2O3. Chemical oxygen demand removal by Mn–Fe–Mg/Al2O3-or Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3-catalyzed ozonation increased by 23.9% and23.2%, respectively, in comparison with single ***–Fe–Mg/Al2O3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3 notably promoted áOH generation and áOH-mediated oxidation. This study demonstrated the potential use of composite metal oxide-loaded Al2O3 in advanced treatment of bio-recalcitrant wastewaters.

关键词： Petroleum refinery wastewater Reverseosmosis concentrate Catalytic ozonation Compositemetal oxide

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Hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge from a petroleum refinery

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Petroleum Science 2019年第2期16卷 428-438页

作者： Jiahao Liang Chunmao Chen Brandon A.Yoza Ying Liang Jin Li Ming Ke Qinghong Wang State Key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control China University of PetroleumBeijing hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa

The cost-effective treatment of activated sludge that is generated by refining petroleum is a challenging industrial *** this study, semi-continuous stirred tank reactors(CSTRs) containing petroleum refinery excess activated sludge(PREAS)were used to comparatively investigate hydrolysis and acidification rates, after the addition of heneicosane(C_(21)H_(44))(R1)and 1-phenylnaphthalene(C16 H12)(R2) to different and individual reactors. Operation of the reactors using a sludge retention time(SRT) of 6 days and a pH of 5.0, resulted in the maintenance of stable biological activity as determined by soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD), volatile fatty acids(VFAs) production and oil removal efficiency. The optimum conditions for hydrogen production include a SRT of 8 days, at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, hydrogen production rates in the control containing only PREAS were 1567 mL/L(R0), compared with 1365 mL/L in Rl and 1454 mL/L-PREAS in ***, Fervidobacterium, Caldisericum and Tepidiphilus were the dominant bacterial genera that have the potential to degrade petroleum compounds and generate VFAs. This study has shown that high concentrations of heneicosane and 1-phenylnaphthalene did not inhibit the hydrolytic acidification of PREAS.

关键词： Hydrolysis acidification Petroleum refinery excess activated sludge (PREAS) VFA production Hydrogen production Microbial community

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