检索结果-南通市图书馆

How to make insulin-producing pancreatic β cells for diabetes treatment

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第3期60卷 239-248页

作者： Jiaqi Lu Qing Xia Qiao Zhou State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical BiologyPeking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of stem cell and Regenerative Biology Harvard Stem Cell InstituteHarvard University

Around 400 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus.The major pathological event for Type 1 diabetes and advanced Type 2 diabetes is loss or impairment of insulin-secreting β cells of the pancreas.For the past 100 years,daily insulin injection has served as a life-saving treatment for these patients.However,insulin injection often cannot achieve full glucose control,and over time poor glucose control leads to severe complications and mortality.As an alternative treatment,islet transplantation has been demonstrated to effectively maintain glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients,but its wide application is limited by the scarcity of donated islets.Therefore,it is important to define new strategies to obtain functional human β cells for transplantation therapies.Here,we summarize recent progress towards the production of β cells in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or somatic cell types including a cells,pancreatic exocrine cells,gastrointestinal stem cells,fibroblasts and hepatocytes.We also discuss novel methods for optimizing β cell transplantation and maintenance in vivo.From our perspective,the future of βcell replacement therapy is very promising although it is still challenging to control differentiation of β cells in vitro and to protect these cells from autoimmune attack in Type 1 diabetic patients.Overall,tremendous progress has been made in understanding βcell differentiation and producing functional β cells with different methods.In the coming years,we believe more clinical trials will be launched to move these technologies towards treatments to benefit diabetic patients.

关键词： 2型糖尿病细胞治疗胰岛素制备多能干细胞分泌细胞细胞移植细胞分化

cell totipotency:molecular features,induction,and maintenance

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

National Science Review 2015年第2期2卷 217-225页

作者： Falong Lu Yi Zhang Howard Hughes Medical institute Harvard Medical School Program in cellular and Molecular Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School

In mammals, pluripotent stem cells can give rise to every cell type of embryonic lineage, and hold great potential in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Guided by the mechanism underlying pluripotency, pluripotent stem cells have been successfully induced through manipulating the transcriptional and epigenetic networks of various diferentiated cell types. However, the factors that confer totipotency, the ability to give rise to cells in both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages still remain poorly understood. It is currently unknown whether totipotency can be induced and maintained in vitro. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the ield, with the aim of providing a foundation for understanding the mechanisms that regulate totipotency.

关键词： totipotency pluripotency epigenetics embryonic stem cell reprogramming somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

肝细胞癌的代谢改变及代谢弱点

Gastroenterology Report 2021年第1期9卷 1-13,I0001页

作者： Daniel GTenen Li Chai Justin L.Tan Cancer Science institute of Singapore National University of SingaporeSingapore Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Pathology Brigham&Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Experimental Drug Development Centre Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore Genome institute of Singapore Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore

肝癌是一种严重的疾病,全球死亡率高居癌症第二位。肝细胞癌(HCC)源于转化的肝细胞,是肝癌的主要类型,占全部肝癌病例的85%。HCC代谢是目前的研究热点之一。肝脏是体内许多代谢过程的主要场所,研究表明,与正常肝细胞相比,HCC细胞代谢严... 详细信息

肝癌是一种严重的疾病,全球死亡率高居癌症第二位。肝细胞癌(HCC)源于转化的肝细胞,是肝癌的主要类型,占全部肝癌病例的85%。HCC代谢是目前的研究热点之一。肝脏是体内许多代谢过程的主要场所,研究表明,与正常肝细胞相比,HCC细胞代谢严重紊乱。因此,深入理解HCC引起的代谢变化及其机制至关重要,有助于提高HCC的诊治水平。在这篇综述中,我们对HCC代谢改变、代谢弱点及潜在治疗措施进行文献总结。

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) metabolism metabolic vulnerability targeted therapy

Programmable synthetic receptors:the next-generation of cell and gene therapies

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 376-400页

作者： Fei Teng Tongtong Cui Li Zhou Qingqin Gao Qi Zhou Wei Li University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China State Key Laboratory of stem cell and Regenerative Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China institute for stem cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing institute for stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China

cell and gene therapies hold tremendous promise for treating a range of difficult-to-treat diseases.However,concerns over the safety and efficacy require to be further addressed in order to realize their full potential.Synthetic receptors,a synthetic biology tool that can precisely control the function of therapeutic cells and genetic modules,have been rapidly developed and applied as a powerful solution.Delicately designed and engineered,they can be applied to finetune the therapeutic activities,i.e.,to regulate production of dosed,bioactive payloads by sensing and processing user-defined signals or biomarkers.This review provides an overview of diverse synthetic receptor systems being used to reprogram therapeutic cells and their wide applications in biomedical research.With a special focus on four synthetic receptor systems at the forefront,including chimeric antigen receptors(CARs)and synthetic Notch(synNotch)receptors,we address the generalized strategies to design,construct and improve synthetic receptors.Meanwhile,we also highlight the expanding landscape of therapeutic applications of the synthetic receptor systems as well as current challenges in their clinical translation.

关键词： synthetic landscape payload

Low complexity domains, condensates, and stem cell pluripotency

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of stem cells 2021年第5期13卷 416-438页

作者： Munender Vodnala Eun-Bee Choi Yick W Fong Department of Medicine Cardiovascular DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Harvard Stem Cell Institute CambridgeMA 02138United States

Biological reactions require self-assembly of factors in the complex cellular milieu.Recent evidence indicates that intrinsically disordered,low-complexity sequence domains(LCDs)found in regulatory factors mediate diverse cellular processes from gene expression to DNA repair to signal transduction,by enriching specific biomolecules in membraneless compartments or hubs that may undergo liquidliquid phase separation(LLPS).In this review,we discuss how embryonic stem cells take advantage of LCD-driven interactions to promote cell-specific transcription,DNA damage response,and DNA repair.We propose that LCDmediated interactions play key roles in stem cell maintenance and safeguarding genome integrity.

关键词： Liquid-liquid phase separation Embryonic stem cell Pluripotency Low complexity domain Transcription DNA damage response

Activating translation by phase separation:a novel mechanism for driving spermiogenesis

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 418-420页

作者： Wenjing Zhang Yang Wang institute of Cancer stem cell Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China

Eucaryotic cells spatially organize their molecules to form various organelles by compartmentalization, thereby performing fundamental biological process. While some of those organelles are delimited by lipid membranes, others are membrane-less. Biomolecular condensates are widely existed as membrane-less cellular compartments in eukaryotic cells, which are usually formed by phase separation.

关键词： driving separation translation

A framework for the responsible reform of the 14-day rule in human embryo research

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Protein & cell 2022年第8期13卷 552-558页

作者： Yaojin Peng Jianwei Lv Zhenyu Xiao Lulu Ding Qi Zhou State Key Laboratory of stem cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China institute for stem cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing institute for stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China

Ever since the world's first"test-tube"baby was bom in 1978,the use of human embryos in research has become highly controversial ethically and thus created a significant challenge for jurisdictions,especially in Europ... 详细信息

关键词： framework rule created

Roles of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones in neuronal cell repair and regeneration

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 769-772页

作者： Sandeep Satapathy Mark R.Wilson Blavatnik institute of cell Biology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA The Broad institute of MIT and harvard CambridgeMAUSA Molecular Horizons and The School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience University of WollongongNorthfields AvenueWollongongNSWAustralia Illawarra Health and Medical Research institute Northfields AvenueWollongongNSWAustralia

Protein quality control involves many processes that jointly act to regulate the expression, localization, turnover, and degradation of proteins, and has been highlighted in recent studies as critical to the differentiation of stem cells during regeneration. The roles of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones in neuronal injury and disease are poorly understood. Extracellular chaperones are multifunctional proteins expressed by many cell types, including those of the nervous system, known to facilitate protein quality control processes. These molecules exert pleiotropic effects and have been implicated as playing important protective roles in a variety of stress conditions, including tissue damage, infections, and local tissue inflammation. This article aims to provide a critical review of what is currently known about the functions of extracellular chaperones in neuronal repair and regeneration and highlight future directions for this important research area. We review what is known of four constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones directly implicated in processes of neuronal damage and repair, including transthyretin, clusterin, α2-macroglobulin, and neuroserpin, and propose that investigation into the effects of these and other extracellular chaperones on neuronal repair and regeneration has the potential to yield valuable new therapies.

关键词： cell viability clusterin extracellular chaperones inflammation neuroserpin protein misfolding transthyretin α2-macroglobulin

High-throughput screening for compounds for pro-hematopoiesis using zebrafish primary blastomere cultured cells

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

High-throughput screening for compounds for pro-hematopoiesi...