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Integrated multi-omics reveals the relationship between growth performance, rumen microbes and metabolic status of Hu sheep with different residual feed intakes

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 284-295页

作者： Zhang, Yanzhen Zhang, Xiaowei Cao, Dingren Yang, Jinyong Mao, Huiling Sun, Lingling Wang, Chong Zhejiang A&F Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Coll Vet Med Hangzhou 311300 Peoples R China Key Lab Appl Technol Green Ecohlth Anim Husb Zheji Hangzhou 311300 Peoples R China Shandong Vocat Anim Sci & Vet coll Dept Anim Sci Weifang 261061 Peoples R China Zhejiang Prov Anim Husb Technol Promot & Monitorin Hangzhou 310021 Peoples R China

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a metric that provides a more accurate measure of feed efficiency. The lower the RFI, the higher the feed efficiency. The changes in the host microbiome and metabolome contribute to the greater feed efficiency of low RFI (LRFI) animals. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in rumen microorganisms, rumen metabolites and plasma metabolites of Hu sheep with differing RFI through the microbiome and metabolome. A total of 80 Hu sheep were used. The experiment consisted of a 15-d pretrial period and a 128-d experimental period. The RFI in the experimental period was calculated for all sheep, and the sheep were screened into high RFI (HRFI, n = 8) and LRFI (n = 8) groups. The HRFI and LRFI sheep did not differ in their initial and final body weights, average daily gain and body measurements, but the dry matter intake of LRFI sheep was significantly decreased (28.4%, P < 0.001). The sheep with LRFI had higher digestibility of crude protein (P = 0.010) and ether extract (P = 0.010) compared to HRFI group. The concentrations of acetate (P = 0.036), propionate (P = 0.010), valerate (P = 0.027) and total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.048) in rumen of LRFI group were higher compared to HRFI group. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the sheep with LRFI had higher proportions of Prevotella genus in rumen liquid (P = 0.031). The rumen metabolome and plasma metabolome results showed that the citrate cycle, pyruvate metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism processes were more active for sheep in LRFI group, which provided more energy substrate such as malic acid, oxoglutaric acid and citric acid. In conclusion, sheep with LRFI can utilize feed more efficiently, and the more active energy metabolism pathway and the production of energy substances may account for the higher feed efficiency.

关键词： Feed efficiency Residual feed intake Rumen microbiome and metabolome Plasma metabolome CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS GENETIC-PARAMETERS MILK-PRODUCTION BEEF-CATTLE AMINO-ACID D-LACTATE EFFICIENCY SUPPLEMENTATION FERMENTATION DIVERGENCE

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Supplementation with dimethylglycine sodium salt improves lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth-retarded pigs

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 191-202页

作者： Bai, Kaiwen Jiang, Luyi Wang, Tian Zhejiang Univ Sci & Technol Sch Biol & Chem Engn Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Nanjing 210095 Peoples R China Zhejiang Shuren Univ Coll Biol & Environm Engn Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Inst Dairy Sci Coll Anim Sci Minist EducKey Lab Mol Anim Nutr Hangzhou Peoples R China

This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na). A total of 60 male newborn piglets were selected for this study. Within each litter, one normal birth weight (NBW) male piglet (1.53 +/- 0.04 kg) and two IUGR male piglets (0.76 +/- 0.06 kg) were chosen based on their birth weight. The piglets were divided into three groups for the study: NBW pigs received a PBS gavage and a common basal diet (NBW-C group), IUGR pigs received the same PBS gavage and common basal diet (IUGR-C group), and IUGR pigs received a 70-mg DMG-Na gavage along with a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1% DMG-Na (IUGR-D group). At 150 d of age, all piglets underwent euthanasia by exsanguination following electrical stunning, after which plasma, liver, and longissimus dorsi (LM) samples were promptly collected. The IUGR-D group demonstrated improvements in plasma parameters (P < 0.05), with lower triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) values, and hormone levels (P < 0.05), with lower growth hormone, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values. Restoration of lipid metabolism was observed (P < 0.05), with lower triglyceride and FFA, and higher hepatic lipase and total lipase values in the liver, and lower triglyceride and FFA values in the LM. Mitochondrial ETC complexes showed increased levels (P < 0.05), including higher complex III values in the liver, and higher complex I, complex III, and complex V values in the LM. Enhanced levels of energy metabolites were noted (P < 0.05), with higher NAD & thorn;, NAD & thorn;/NADH, adenosine triphosphate, and mtDNA values, and lower NADH values in the liver and LM. Additionally, meat quality parameters showed improvement (P < 0.05), with higher pH 24 h and a* values, and lower drip loss 48 h, L*, and b* values. The expressions of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function-relate

关键词： Intrauterine growth retardation Pig Lipid metabolism Mitochondrial function Dimethylglycine sodium salt SKELETAL-MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION PROMOTES

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Lithium Salt Combining Fluoroethylene Carbonate Initiates Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization Enabling Dendrite-Free Solid-State Lithium Metal Battery

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 50-59页

作者： Ye, Xue Liang, Jianneng Du, Baorong Li, Yongliang Ren, Xiangzhong Wu, Dazhuan Ouyang, Xiaoping Zhang, Qianling Liu, Jianhong Zhejiang Univ Inst Proc Equipment Coll Energy Engn Hangzhou 310000 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Chem & Environm Engn Graphene Composite Res Ctr Shenzhen 518061 Peoples R China

This work demonstrates a novel polymerization-derived polymer electrolyte consisting of methyl methacrylate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and fluoroethylene carbonate. The polymerization of MMA was initiated by the amino compounds following an anionic catalytic mechanism. LiTFSI plays both roles including the initiator and Li ion source in the polymer electrolyte. Normally, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide has difficulty in initiating the polymerization reaction of methyl methacrylate monomer, a very high concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide is needed for initiating the polymerization. However, the fluoroethylene carbonate additive can work as a supporter to facilitate the degree of dissociation of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and increase its initiator capacity due to the high dielectric constant. The as-prepared poly-methyl methacrylate-based polymer electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity (1.19 x 10-3 S cm-1), a wide electrochemical stability window (5 V vs Li+/Li), and a high Li ion transference number (tLi+$$ {t}_{{\mathrm{Li}}{+}} $$) of 0.74 at room temperature (RT). Moreover, this polymerization-derived polymer electrolyte can effectively work as an artificial protective layer on Li metal anode, which enabled the Li symmetric cell to achieve a long-term cycling performance at 0.2 mAh cm-2 for 2800 h. The LiFePO4 battery with polymerization-derived polymer electrolyte-modified Li metal anode shows a capacity retention of 91.17% after 800 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides a facile and accessible approach to manufacturing poly-methyl methacrylate-based polymerization-derived polymer electrolyte and shows great potential as an interphase in Li metal batteries. Polymerizing monomers/oligomers using Li salts as the initiators has significant meaning in avoiding the introduction of impurities and improves interface stability between the electrodes and polymerization-derived polymer electrolyte (PDP

关键词： in situ polymerization lithium anode polymer electrolyte solid-state lithium batteries ENERGY-DENSITY LITHIUM IN-SITU FORMATION HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTROLYTES ANODES

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Two-Dimensional Graphitic Carbon-Nitride (g-C3N4)-Coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathodes for High-Energy-Density and Long-Life Lithium Batteries

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 140-149页

作者： Duan, Zhenliang Zhai, Pengbo Zhao, Ning Guo, Xiangxin Qingdao Univ Coll Phys Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China Qingdao Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China Xixi Octagon City Tianmushan Lab Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China

High-capacity nickel-rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium batteries. However, the poor structural stability and severe side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface result in unsatisfactory cycle performance. Herein, the thin layer of two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon-nitride (g-C3N4) is uniformly coated on the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (denoted as NCM811@CN) using a facile chemical vaporization-assisted synthesis method. As an ideal protective layer, the g-C3N4 layer effectively avoids direct contact between the NCM811 cathode and the electrolyte, preventing harmful side reactions and inhibiting secondary crystal cracking. Moreover, the unique nanopore structure and abundant nitrogen vacancy edges in g-C3N4 facilitate the adsorption and diffusion of lithium ions, which enhances the lithium deintercalation/intercalation kinetics of the NCM811 cathode. As a result, the NCM811@CN-3wt% cathode exhibits 161.3 mAh g(-1) and capacity retention of 84.6% at 0.5 C and 55 degrees C after 400 cycles and 95.7 mAh g(-1) at 10 C, which is greatly superior to the uncoated NCM811 (i.e. 129.3 mAh g(-1) and capacity retention of 67.4% at 0.5 C and 55 degrees C after 220 cycles and 28.8 mAh g(-1) at 10 C). The improved cycle performance of the NCM811@CN-3wt% cathode is also applicable to solid-liquid-hybrid cells composed of PVDF:LLZTO electrolyte membranes, which show 163.8 mAh g(-1) and the capacity retention of 88.1% at 0.1 C and 30 degrees C after 200 cycles and 95.3 mAh g(-1) at 1 C.

关键词： cathode materials g-C3N4 coating LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 lithium batteries PVDF:LLZTO electrolyte membranes ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE ION

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Reaction Mechanism of Actin ATP Hydrolysis Studied by QM/MM Calculations

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CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES 2024年第5期40卷 849-855页

作者： Wang, Yiwen Lin, Lirui Xu, Li-Yan Li, En-Min Dong, Geng Shantou Univ med coll Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Shantou 515041 Peoples R China Shantou Univ med coll Guangdong Higher Educ Inst Key Lab Mol Biol High Canc Incidence Coastal Area Shantou 515041 Peoples R China Shantou Univ med coll Med Informat Res Ctr Shantou 515041 Peoples R China Shantou Univ med coll Guangdong Prov Key Lab Infect Dis & Mol Immunopath Shantou 515041 Peoples R China Shantou Univ med coll Dept Bioinformat Shantou 515041 Peoples R China Shantou Univ med coll Canc Res Ctr Shantou 515041 Peoples R China

Actin fibers are an important part of the cytoskeleton, providing vital support for the plasma membrane. This function is driven by its ATPase (ATP: adenosine triphosphate) activity, i.e., ATP+H2O -> ADP+Pi. This seemingly simple reaction has attracted much attention because the hydrolysis of ATP provides energy to support life processes. However, the reaction mechanism of ATP hydrolysis in actin is not clear. In order to gain deep insights into the functions of actin, it is essential to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the actin ATP hydrolysis. In this paper, we have studied the reaction mechanism of the ATP hydrolysis in actin by the combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. Our results show that 1) bond cleavage of the P gamma-OS of ATP and bond formation between oxygen of the lytic water and P gamma atoms take place simultaneously, and this is the rate-limiting step of the hydrolysis; 2) the proton on the lytic water transfers to the phosphate to form H2P gamma O4-via one bridge water. The energy barrier of the complete reaction is 17.6 kcal/mol (1 kcal=4.184 kJ), which is in high agreement with the experimental value.

关键词： Actin Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis Quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) Reaction mechanism MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS APPROXIMATION QUANTUM

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Arbuscular mycorrhizae status of host plant affects offspring's phenotype and transcriptome expression in a low-phosphorus environment

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JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY 2024年第2期17卷 173-187页

作者： Liu, Shijun Xu, Jing Huang, Hong Tang, Jianjun Chen, Xin Liaoning Normal Univ Sch Life Sci Key Lab Plant Biotechnol Liaoning Prov Dalian 116081 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Life Sci Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci Inst Environm Resources & Soil Fertilizers Hangzhou 310021 Peoples R China

Although the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on host plants have been well documented, whether the effects of AMF on parental generations affect offspring performance is not fully clear. We conducted a common garden experiment to determine whether AMF status of host plants (medicago truncatula) affects phenotype and transcriptome expression of their offspring. Seeds from four type parental treatments (low-phosphorus (P) soil without AMF, low-P soil with AMF, high-P soil without AMF and high-P soil with AMF) were grown under low-P (LPS) and normal-P soil (OHS) conditions. The flowering pattern of LP offspring was similar to their parents, such that plants with AMF flowered earlier than those without AMF under OHS condition but were opposite under LPS condition. The transcriptome differential analysis showed that some differential transcripts (45 for parental plants growing under low-P condition and 3 for parental plants growing under high-P condition) expression patterns between offspring were comparable, and that only affected by parental AMF status regardless of the P environment that offspring was grown. Others (146 for parental plants growing under low-P condition and 2 for parental plants growing under high-P condition), however, were affected both by the parental AMF status and the offspring P environment. In addition, the number of differential transcripts between offspring whose parental plants grew under high-P condition was far less than under low-P condition. These results indicate that AMF may not only affect the current generation of host plants but also affect the offspring especially when their parents have experienced a stressful environment.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi low-phosphorus environment flowering pattern transgenerational effects transcriptome differential analysis PHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY ARABIDOPSIS ROOTS FUNGI COLONIZATION RESPONSES STRESS INHERITANCE

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Particle segregation mechanism of S-D system in a rotating drum

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 300-308页

作者： Xiao, Erliang Zhang, Wei Chi, Zhipeng Li, Ran Yang, Hui Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Opt Elect & Comp Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ med & Hlth Sci Coll Med Instrumentat Shanghai 201318 Peoples R China

Complex segregation occurs in a binary particle system with differing particle sizes and densities, particularly when the larger particles are heavier (S-D system, i.e., size minus density system). Predicting the segregation pattern driven by multiple mechanisms simultaneously is often challenging. This study explores the segregation mechanisms in a quasi-2D circular drum containing a S-D system, realizing a transition between the S-core and Core-and-band patterns by adjusting the drum rotation speed. During the transition of the segregation pattern, only the S-core pattern chiefly driven by the percolation mechanism is initially observed. As the rotation speed increases, the buoyancy mechanism and particle diffusion gradually strengthen, jointly driving the formation of the Core-and-band pattern. A dimensionless strength ratio, l 1/4 H=h, where H and h respectively represent the diffusion and buoyancy strengths at length scales, is introduced to elucidate this transition. The Core-and-band pattern emerges when l reached 1.4. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Particle segregation S -D system Segregation mechanisms competition Segregation pattern Rotating drum GRANULAR MIXTURES DRIVEN SEGREGATION SIZE SEGREGATION DENSITY RATIO PERCOLATION BEHAVIOR SPEED

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Trust in ESG reporting: The intelligent Veri-Green solution for incentivized verification

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BLOCKCHAIN-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第2期5卷 126-139页

作者： Liu, Liyuan Ma, Zhiguo Zhou, Yiyun Fan, Melissa Han, Meng St Josephs Univ 5600 City Ave Philadelphia PA 19131 USA Zhejiang Univ 866 Yuhangtang Rd Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Natl Board med Examiners 3750 Market St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

In today's corporate environment, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reports crucially reflect an organization's commitment to sustainability, environmental preservation, and social responsibility. As corporations share these detailed reports, the responsibility to validate and assure adherence to respected ESG benchmarks critically lies with third -party assurance organizations. However, the essential verification process often encounters challenges related to authenticity, credibility, and fairness, underscoring the need for a new solution. The selection of verifiers is a crucial aspect of this process, as their expertise and impartiality directly impact the validity and trustworthiness of the verification. Consequently, "Veri-Green," an innovative blockchain-based incentive mechanism, has been introduced to improve the ESG data verification process. Considering potential risks in verification systems, such as reputational damage due to oversight or inadvertent approval of inaccurate data, and data security risks involving the management of sensitive organizational information, the verifier selection process needs to be thoroughly considered and designed. Through the utilization of advanced machine learning algorithms, potential verification candidates are precisely identified, followed by the deployment of the Vickrey Clarke Groves (VCG) auction mechanism. This approach ensures the strategic selection of verifiers and cultivates an ecosystem marked by truthfulness, rationality, and computational efficiency throughout the ESG data verification process. In this framework, verifiers are not only encouraged but also properly incentivized, developing a more transparent and equitable verification process, thereby driving the ESG agenda towards future defined by genuine, impactful corporate responsibility and sustainability.

关键词： Incentive mechanism ESG Artificial intelligence Truthfulness BLOCKCHAIN

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Accelerating the Screening of Modified MA2Z4 Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Deep Learning-Based Local Geometric Analysis

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 290-302页

作者： Zheng, Jingnan Wang, Shibin Deng, Shengwei Yao, Zihao Hu, Junhua Wang, Jianguo Zhejiang Univ Technol Inst Ind Catalysis Coll Chem Engn State Key Lab Breeding Base Green Chem Synth Techn Hangzhou 310032 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ State Ctr Int Cooperat Designer Low Carbon & Envir Sch Mat Sci & Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China

Machine learning (ML) integrated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations have recently been used to accelerate the design and discovery of single-atom catalysts (SACs) by establishing deep structure-activity relationships. The traditional ML models are always difficult to identify the structural differences among the single-atom systems with different modification methods, leading to the limitation of the potential application range. Aiming to the structural properties of several typical two-dimensional MA(2)Z(4)-based single-atom systems (bare MA(2)Z(4) and metal single-atom doped/supported MA(2)Z(4)), an improved crystal graph convolutional neural network (CGCNN) classification model was employed, instead of the traditional machine learning regression model, to address the challenge of incompatibility in the studied systems. The CGCNN model was optimized using crystal graph representation in which the geometric configuration was divided into active layer, surface layer, and bulk layer (ASB-GCNN). Through ML and DFT calculations, five potential single-atom hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts were screened from chemical space of 600 MA(2)Z(4)-based materials, especially V-1/HfSn2N4(S) with high stability and activity (Delta G(H*) is 0.06 eV). Further projected density of states (pDOS) analysis in combination with the wave function analysis of the SAC-H bond revealed that the SAC-dz(2) orbital coincided with the H-s orbital around the energy level of -2.50 eV, and orbital analysis confirmed the formation of sigma bonds. This study provides an efficient multistep screening design framework of metal single-atom catalyst for HER systems with similar two-dimensional supports but different geometric configurations.

关键词： graph convolutional neural network hydrogen evolution reaction modified MA(2)Z(4) substrate single atom catalyst MONOLAYER MACHINE

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Marine red yeast supplementation improves laying performance by regulating small intestinal homeostasis in aging chickens

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 177-190页

作者： Zhao, Yudian Si, Sujin Ren, Yangguang Wu, Xing Zhang, Zihao Tian, Yixiang Li, Jing Li, Yijie Hou, Meng Yao, Xueyang Xu, Zhaoheng Jiang, Ruirui Kang, Xiangtao Gong, Yujie Li, Qiang Tian, Yadong Henan Agr Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China Henan Key Lab Innovat & Utilizat Chicken Germplasm Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China Henan coll Anim Husb & Econ Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China Henan Inst Sci & Technol Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med Xinxiang 453003 Peoples R China AB Vista Marlborough SN8 4AN England

Recent studies have shown that age-related aging evolution is accompanied by imbalances in intestinal homeostasis. Marine red yeast (MRY) is a functional probiotic that has been shown to have antioxidant, immune and other properties. Therefore, we chose 900 healthy Hy-Line Brown hens at 433 d old as the research subjects and evaluated the correlation between intestinal health, laying performance, and egg quality in aged hens through the supplementation of MRY. These laying hens were assigned into 5 groups and received diet supplementation with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2% MRY for 12 weeks. The results showed that MRY supplementation increased egg production rate, average egg weight, and egg quality, and decreased feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake (P < 0.05). The MRY supplement improved antioxidant indicators such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), stimulated villus height, and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C ratio) in the intestine (P < 0.05). It also regulated the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-beta], interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) while increasing serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MRY supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2), and autophagy-related proteins (beclin-1 and light chain 3I [LC3I]) in the intestine (P < 0.05). The MRY supplement also led to an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum, and the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. The LEfSe analysis revealed an enrichment of Sutterella and Akkermansia muciniphila. In conclusion, the results of this experiment indicated that the additional supplementation of MRY can improve the production performance of laying hens

关键词： Marine red yeast Laying hen Senescence Intestinal homeostasis EGG-PRODUCTION BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN-VITRO MORPHOLOGY MICROBIOTA QUALITY HENS INFLAMMATION FERMENTATION

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