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Effects of Manual, Cultural, Botanical and Chemical Treatments of Termite Control in hamelmalo agricultural college Area

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第1期11卷 64-74页

作者： Biniam Efriem Habteab Goitom Rayet Idris Yosief Girmay Adungna Haile Department of Plant Protection Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Termites are the most serious pests of field and horticultural crops, forests, and wooden household furniture. In hamelmalo agricultural college (HAC) the infestation of termite is very high resulting in great destruction of crop plants and wooden office and dormitory furniture. The devastating attack of termites should be managed by using best and ecofriendly management method. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of manual destruction of mounds and killing of termite queen and king, chemical chlorpyrifos, seed and leaves extract of neem and Lantana (as separate experiment) and smoke on termite control. Termite mounds were selected randomly inside HAC compound. The materials used were hand hoe, spade, fork, water, 20 L jar and protective clothes. The treatments were replicated three times. The botanical treatments were prepared at 2 L of highly concentrated extracts per 20 L of water each. Chlorpyrifos was applied at 20 ml per 20 L of water. Dried woody plants were used for smoke treatment. Careful digging was done to avoid king escape and queen rupture and they were killed by burning. Among all, the mechanical destruction and killing of king and queen and chlorpyrifos resulted in a complete control of the termite population. Except in the mounds treated by chlorpyrifos, the activity of termite population was very active and they closed the opened galleries immediately after treatment even though there were dead termite castes in all treatments. Living termite castes were counted by taking a medium size spade of broken mound pieces. The highest count was recorded from mounds treated by smoke. After two weeks the queen and king in every treatment mound were cheeked and killed for those who were alive. Except by the chlorpyrifos and manual destruction of mound (king and queen were killed before) all the royal families were alive and killed. Controlling of termite population in the field (outside their mound) is not possible due to the hidden fora

关键词： Termite Castes Mounds Cultural Mechanical Chlorpyrifos Lantana Seed and Leaf Extract Neem Leaf and Seed Kernel Extract

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Evaluation of Germplasm of Pearl Millet(Penissetum glaucum L.)for Agronomic,Physiological and Biochemical Traits under Semi-arid Conditions of hamelmalo

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Journal of Botanical Research 2021年第3期3卷 19-31页

作者： Habteslase Teklu Tesfagiorgis Woldeamlak Araia N.N.Angiras Department of Agronomy Hamelmalo Agricultural CollegeKerenEritrea

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of hamelmalo agricultural college during summer 2017,to evaluate the agronomic,physiological,and biochemical performance of the collected Eritrean germplasm of pearl millet.A total of 16 accessions were tested,out of which 2 were improved varieties included as a *** experiment was laid out in 4 x 4 Simple Lattice Design with Randomized Block using 4 replications with a gross plot size of 3.0 m x 1.2 m,row to row spacing of 75 cm and plant to plant spacing of 30 *** data collected were Agronomic parameters(growth,development,yield,and yield contributing characters);Physiological parameters(Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency);and Biochemical parameters(crude fat,crude fiber,protein content,TSS,and ash content).The data were analyzed using GENSTAT software and correlation analysis was worked to see the positive and negative contribution of agronomic,physiological,and biochemical *** results of the study showed that Bariyay908 and Kona being statistically at par with Bariyay 910,Hagaz,Zibedi,Shleti,Delkata,Tokroray,and Kunama produced significantly higher grain ***,among these Baryay908 because of its superior agronomic characteristics,lower incidence of downy mildew,relatively higher water use efficiency and higher crude protein content were found to be comparatively superior to the check improved varieties Kona and *** yield has shown a positive and significant correlation with harvest index,number of seeds per panicle,panicle length,leaf area and water use *** promising accessions need to be further tested for future breeding programs to develop varieties higher in productivity and resistant to downy mildew under semi-arid conditions of Eritrea.

关键词： Pearl millet Germplasm Agronomic characters Physiological characters Biochemical characters

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Effect of Dates and Methods of Sowing with and without Hydropriming on Growth,Phenology and Yield of Sorghum under Semi Arid Conditions of Eritrea

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Journal of Botanical Research 2021年第2期3卷 1-9页

作者： Berhane Teklesenbet Negassi Woldeamlak Araia Nitya Nand Angiras Department of Agronomy Hamelmalo Agricultural CollegeKerenEritrea

A study was carried out at the research farm of hamelmalo agricultural college during summer 2015 to study the effect of dates and methods of sowing with and without hydro-priming on growth,development and yield of *** experiment consisted of 2 factors-three dates of sowing viz.D0(Sowing before the onset of first summer rain,June 30),D1(Sowing with the onset of first summer rains,July 7)and D2(Sowing after the onset of summer rains,July 14)and three methods of sowing ***(Direct sowing with hydro seed priming),TR(Transplanting)and DS(Direct sowing without hydro seed priming).The experiment was conducted in split plot design with 4 replications by keeping dates of sowing in the main plots and methods of sowing in the sub *** data on growth parameters,crop phenology,yield components and yield were *** data were analysed using GENSTAT software and inferences were drawn by using LSD at 5%level of *** methods significantly affected leaf area and leaf area index but sowing dates and their interaction with sowing methods did not show significant *** count,plant height,phenological parameters,thousand grain weight,grain and biomass yield were significantly affected by the sowing dates and methods but no significant difference in their interaction on all the parameters except in stand count and phenological *** before the onset of first summer rains(D0)resulted in significantly highest grain *** the sowing methods,transplanting resulted in significantly higher grain yield seconded by direct sowing with hydro seed *** is less profitable and practicable as it is more laborious and difficult to apply in larger areas.

关键词： Sowing date Sowing method Hydro seed priming Transplanting Semi-arid Sorghum

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Effect of Post-Harvest Handling and Ripening Methods on Quality and Shelf-Life of Banana

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第2期13卷 175-192页

作者： Berhane Mezenghea Abraham Brhan Khiar Saleh Daniel Zeru Zelelew Department of Horticulture Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Banana (Musa spp.) is a highly perishable fruit that requires special handling. In Eritrea, post-harvest handling practices are characterized to be poor and as a result, poor fruit quality and high post-harvest loss are common. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different post-harvest handling and ripening methods on quality and shelf-life of banana. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for evaluating a combination of two levels of post-harvest handling and four ripening methods in a factorial combination conducted in the laboratory of Horticulture at hamelmalo agricultural college. Peel colour change, physiological weight loss, pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solids (TSS), pulp pH, ripening period and shelf life were parameters studied. The results showed fruits treated with ripened tomato showed improved characteristics in all parameters compared to those treated with smoke from kerosene burning or mixed with moringa leaf. Similarly, fruits brought directly from the farm were better than those collected from the ripening room after passing the conventional post-harvest handling. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that ripening of banana with the help of tomato improves fruit quality and shelf life. Thus, it can be a safe and better alternative to smoking from kerosene burning. While moringa leaf has no potential as an alternative.

关键词： Post-Harvest Handling Banana Ripening Quality Shelf Life

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Experimental Study on the Ride Comfort of a Crawler Power Chassis Scale Model Based on the Similitude Theory

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第3期28卷 496-503页

作者： ZHAO Jianzhu WANG Fengchen YU Bin TONG Pengcheng CHEN Kuifu college of Engineering China Agricultural University college of Science China Agricultural University

The ride comfort experimental assessment of crawler off-road vehicle is relatively overlooked, and is expensive and difficult to execute with higher and higher ride comfort performance requirements. To trade off between precise and cost, an experimental method based on the similitude theory is proposed. Under the guidance of the similitude theory, a 1：5 crawler power chassis scale model equipped with a kind of variable stiffness suspension system is used. The power spectrum density（PSD）, the root mean square（RMS） of weighed acceleration, peak factor, average absorbed power（AAP） and vibration dose value（VDV） are selected as ride comfort evaluation indexes, and tests results are transformed via similarity indexes to predict the performance of full-scale power chassis. PSD shows that the low-order natural frequency of the vertical natural frequency（z axis） is 1.1 Hz, and the RMS, AAP and VDV values indicate the ride comfort performance of this kind of power chassis is between the ＂A little uncomfortable＂ and ＂Rather uncomfortable＂. From the results, low-order vertical natural frequency, obtained by PSD, validates that the similarity relationship between two models is satisfied, and 1：5 scale model used in experiment meets the similarity relationship with the full-scale model; consequently, the ride comfort prophase evaluation with the 1：5 scale model is feasible. The attempt of applying the similitude theory to crawler vehicle ride comfort test study decreases the cost and improves the test feasibility with sufficient test precise.

关键词： crawler power chassis scale model similitude theory off-road vehicle ride comfort

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Effect of Potassium Levels on Growth and Productivity of Potato Varieties

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第12期7卷 1629-1638页

作者： Daniel Zeru Zelelew Sewa Lal Tesfai Tsegai Kidane Biniam Mesfin Ghebreslassie Department of Horticulture Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of agricultural Economics Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of Horticulture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Potato is one of the priority vegetable crops in the highlands of Eritrea growing as a key component in the livelihood systems of farmers. Potato requires a variety of balanced plant mineral nutrients for growth and development without which yield and qualities of tubers are reduced. Potato growers in Eritrea commonly use Di-ammonium Phosphate, Urea and Farmyard manure while potassium fertilizers are overlooked assuming that the soil is developed from K rich parent material and contains sufficient amount of K to support crop growth. However this assumption is based on the result obtained forty-seven years ago. As a result the yield and quality of potato produced is very low as compared with international standards. Therefore the present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium levels on growth and productivity of potato varieties at hamelmalo agricultural college, Eritrea. The experiment was conducted in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatment combinations of three varieties (Ajiba, Zafira and Picasso) and five potassium levels (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg K2O/ha) replicated thrice. The results of the study showed that both variety and potassium had significant effect on growth and yield parameters. Aerial stem number, leaf number per plant and plant height were increased with increasing K levels from 0 to 150 kg while number of days to maturity was increased in the range of 0 - 300 kg K2O/ha. The result also indicated that variety Ajiba treated with 300 kg K2O/ha produced significantly highest tuber weight (1.14 kg) per plant and tuber yield of 49.38 t/ha. The economic analysis result revealed that maximum gross margin 13,665.816 USD/ha was obtained from the application of 300 kg K2O/ha. On the whole, it gives an impression that using potassium fertilizer according to soil requirements will have good influence on growth and tuber yield.

关键词： Eritrea Potassium Potato Varieties Tuber Yield

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Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Landraces for Drought Tolerance Using Morphological and Yield Characters under Rainfed Conditions of Sub Region Hagaz, Eritrea

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Journal of Botanical Research 2022年第4期4卷 1-11页

作者： Mebrahtom Tesfazghi Tesfamichael Abraha Woldeamlak Araia Nitya Nand Angiras Department of Agronomy Hamelmalo Agricultural College(HAC)KerenEritrea

Sorghum is an important food crop in Eritrea where it is widely grown in the mid and low lands,of semi-arid *** being the center of origin of sorghum,a large variability exist in its landraces being grown by the farmers since *** order to improve the productivity of sorghum under moisture stress conditions,it is imperative to evaluate these landraces for drought tolerant characteristics and their use for further crop improvement ***,a field study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to estimate the extent of genetic variability of 20 sorghum genotypes for moisture stress tolerance using various morphological,phenological,yield and yield related parameters under rainfed conditions at Hagaz Research *** difference was observed for almost all the characters in the individual analysis of variance suggesting that these sorghum accessions were highly *** EG 537,EG 1257,EG 849,EG 791,EG 783 and EG 813 showed promising results for post flowering drought tolerance,grain yield and stay green *** PCV and GCV were also obtained in parameters like plant height,leaf area,biomass,peduncle exertion,panicle length,and grain yield and panicle *** genotypes also exhibited varying degrees of heritability *** such as plant height,panicle length,days to flowering and maturity showed higher *** analysis revealed that sorghum landraces were grouped on the basis of their morphological traits and geographical sites.77.3%of the total variation of sorghum landraces was contributed by the first four principal components analysis having Eigen value>***,the current study confirmed that EG 537,EG 849,EG 1257,EG 791,and EG 813 are drought tolerant sorghum landraces during post flowering stage.

关键词： Morphological characters Drought tolerance Genetic variability Principal component analysis and cluster analysis

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Effects of La^（3+）on yield and quality traits of wheat with different gluten types

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第7期32卷 672-680页

作者：欧红梅张自立姚大年 college of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural University college of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University

To test the roles of La3＋ on yield and quality of wheat for different end uses, experiments were conducted using split-plot design for different La3＋ treatments as main plot and different gluten types of wheat as subplot, by foliar spraying La3＋ at jointing stage and filling stage. The results showed that spraying 0.5–1.5 mmol/L La3＋ increased the yield and 1000-kernel weight of wheat of different gluten types. The protein content of strong-gluten wheat Wanmai 33 increased after spraying 0.5–1.5 mmol/L La3＋, which made it achieve the good quality standard of strong-gluten wheat, whereas its LOX and PPO activity reduced, the carotenoid content increased. These La3＋ treatments prolonged the storage period of grain, improved flour nutritional value and the food processing quality. Spraying 0.5–1.5 mmol/L La3＋ also increased flour peak viscosity of medium-gluten wheat Yangmai 158, as improving its starch properties. Spraying La3＋ significantly decreased flour water absorption rate of weak gluten type variety Wanmai 48 to meet the weak-gluten flour standard. The total pentosan content reduced at 1–1.5 mmol/L La3＋, which would be good for making biscuit. Results suggested that spraying appropriate concentration of La3＋ increased wheat yield and benefited wheat quality for different end uses.

关键词： lanthanum ion gluten type yield quality trait wheat for different end uses rare earths

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Biosorption of La^(3+) and Ce^(3+) by Agrobacterium ***1

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第3期29卷 265-270页

作者：徐淑霞张世敏陈克韩锦峰刘华山吴坤 college of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University college of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University

The Agrobacterium ***1 was isolated from the soil and used to adsorb rare earth ions La3＋ and Ce3＋.The results showed that the pretreatments of Agrobacterium ***1 did not enhance the adsorption of La3＋ and Ce3＋.The pH,temperature,time and bacterial age affected the dynamics of adsorption of La3＋ and Ce3＋.The optimum adsorption conditions for Agrobacterium ***1 were as follows：15 mg/L La3＋ of initial concentration,10 mg/L Ce3＋,300 mg/L（dry ***） biomass for sorption,6.8 pH,30 oC temperature,150 r/min rotational speed,2 h adsorption time and 28 h bacterial *** adsorption kinetics of La3＋ and Ce3＋ for Agrobacterium ***1 followed the pseudo-second order equation.

关键词： biosorption rare earth elements(REEs) Agrobacterium sp.HN1

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Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by Prorocentrum donghaiense

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 376-385页

作者： Chao Chai Xundong Yin Wei Ge Jinye Wang college of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural University college of Life Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University college of Animal Science and Veterinary Qingdao Agricultural University

The growth, cellular total lipids, bioaccumulation amount, and bioaccumulation factors （BAFs） of 2,4,4 ′ -tribromodiphenyl ether （BDE28）, 2,2 ′ ,4,4 ′ -tetrabromodiphenyl ether （BDE47）, and 2,2 ′ ,4,4 ′ ,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether （BDE99） in a semi-continuous culture of Prorocentrum donghaiense were studied in relation to nitrate （0, 128, and 512 μmol/L） and phosphate （0, 8, and 32 μmol/L） concentrations. The BDE28, BDE47, and BDE99 content per cell under 0 μmol N/L were 3.77 × 10 6 , 3.95 × 10 6 , and 4.32 × 10 6 ng/cell, respectively, which were significantly higher than those under 128 and 512 μmol N/L. A nearly 5-fold increase in polybrominated diphenyl ether （PBDE） content per algal cell was found between 0 and 8 μmol P/L and between 8 and 32 μmol P/L. With increasing N and P concentrations, the PBDE content per volume of algal culture and the accumulation percentage of available PBDEs declined slightly. The BAFs for the PBDEs based on lipids showed that the logBAF lip under 0 μmol N/L was higher than those under 128 and 512 μmol N/L. The logBAF lip under 0 μmol P/L was higher than that under 8 μmol P/L but lower than that under 32 μmol P/L. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between nutrient concentration and cellular total lipids, as well as the PBDE content per cell. The results indicate that different N and P concentrations change the total lipids content of P. donghaiense, thereby resulting in varying PBDE accumulation.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus bioaccumulation polybrominated diphenyl ethers Prorocentrum donghaiense

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