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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019年第4期12卷 261-269页

作者： KIM Yoo-Jun KIM Baek-Jo SHIN Yoon-Sook KIM Hui-Won KIM Geon-Tae KIM Seon-Jeong High Impact Weather Research center National Institute of Meteorological Sciences

High road-surface temperature due to heat waves can lead to dangerous driving conditions such as tire blowouts and deformation induced by thermal stress on the roads. In this study, a Mobile Observation Vehicle dataset, with high spatial and temporal resolutions for the heat-wave episode that occurred on 16–17 August 2018, is used to understand environmental characteristics on urban road-surface and air temperatures in Seoul. This study demonstrates that the magnitude of urban road-surface temperature is dependent on the differences in incoming solar radiation due to screening of high-rise buildings in the Gangnam area, and is associated with the topographical features in the Gangbuk area. The road-surface temperature in the section of darker-colored asphalts was higher than that of lighter-colored asphalts, with a mean difference of 6.8°C, and both surface and air temperatures on the iron plate were highest, with means of 51.7°C and 35.1°C,respectively. In addition, during the water-sprinkling period, road-surface temperature was cooled by about 8.7°C(19%) compared with that in the period without water-sprinkling, but there was no significant change in air temperature. The current results could be practically used to improve roadsurface temperature prediction models for civil engineers or road managers.

关键词： Heat wave road-surface temperature mobile observation vehicle Seoul

Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Tropical Cyclone Extreme Rainfall Events over hainan Island

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第5期35卷 580-591页

作者： Xianling JIANG Fumin REN Yunjie LI Wenyu QIU Zhuguo MA Qinbo CAI Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory on Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China hainan meteorological Observatory Haikou 570203 China Zhuhai meteorological Bureau Zhuhai 519000 China Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

The characteristics of tropical cyclone（TC） extreme rainfall events over hainan Island from 1969 to 2014 are analyzed from the viewpoint of the TC maximum daily rainfall（TMDR） using daily station precipitation data from the meteorological Information center of the China meteorological Administration, TC best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute,and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The frequencies of the TMDR reaching 50, 100 and 250 mm show a decreasing trend[-0.7（10 yr）^（-1）], a weak decreasing trend [-0.2（10 yr）^（-1）] and a weak increasing trend [0.1（10 yr）^（-1）], respectively. For seasonal variations, the TMDR of all intensity grades mainly occurs from July to October, with the frequencies of TMDR 50 mm and 100 mm peaking in September and the frequency of TMDR 250 mm [TC extreme rainstorm（TCER） events]peaking in August and September. The western region（Changjiang） of the Island is always the rainfall center, independent of the intensity or frequencies of different intensity grades. The causes of TCERs are also explored and the results show that topography plays a key role in the characteristics of the rainfall events. TCERs are easily induced on the windward slopes of Wuzhi Mountain, with the coordination of TC tracks and TC wind structure. A slower speed of movement, a stronger TC intensity and a farther westward track are all conducive to extreme rainfall events. A weaker northwestern Pacific subtropical high is likely to make the 500-h Pa steering flow weaker and results in slower TC movement, whereas a stronger South China Sea summer monsoon can carry a higher moisture flux. These two environmental factors are both favorable for TCERs.

关键词： hainan Island tropical cyclones extreme rainfall events characteristics causes

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS OF EFFECT OF SSTA OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN ON ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN THE EXTRATROPICAL LATITUDE

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2007年第1期13卷 73-76页

作者：邱明宇陆维松陈汇林蔡亲波 hainan Institute of meteorological Science / Key Laboratory for meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in the South China Sea hainan Climate center Haikou 570203 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of InformationScience and Technology hainan Climate center Haikou 570203

Numerical experiments on forcing dissipation and heating response of dipole (unipole) are carried out using global spectral models with quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equations. For each experiment model integration is run for 90 days on the condition of three-wave quasi-resonance. The results are given as follows: Under the effects of dipole (unipole) forcing source and basic flow intensity, there exist strong interactions among the three planetary waves and quasi-biweekly and intraseasonal oscillation of the three planetary waves. In the meantime, the changes in the intensity of dipole or unipole forcing source and basic flow have different frequency modulation effects on LFO in the middle and higher latitudes. The results of the stream function field of three quasi-resonant waves evolving with time confirm that the low-frequency oscillation exists in extratropical latitude.

关键词： Indian Ocean temperature dipole (unipole) frequency modulation waves quasi-resonance atmospheric low-frequency oscillation

Variation Characteristics of Ambient NMHCs at Shangdianzi and Lin’an Regional GAW Sites

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2007年第3期21卷 334-341页

作者：汤洁王木林程红兵丁国安俞向明周怀刚刘国平 Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry & center for Atmosphere Watch and services Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesCMABeijing 100081 Lin'an Atmospheric Background Station Lin'an 311307 Shangdianzi Atmospheric Background Station Beijing 101507

In order to study the variation characteristics of concentration of the atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons （NMHCs） in background area of China, the atmospheric concentrations of NMHCs were measured at Lin＇an （LA） regional GAW （Global Atmosphere Watch） Station （30°25＇N, 119°44＇E; 132.0 m ASL） and Shangdianzi （SDZ） regional GAW Station （40°19＇N, 117°07＇E; 286.5 m ASL） with the sorbent sorption/thermal desorption/gas chromatographic method. Totally 145 samples were collected during the period of October 2003 and July 2004. Among the 52 NMHC species of C2-C10 detected there were 26 alkanes, 17 alkenes, and 9 aromatics. The average concentrations of total NMHCs （TNMHCs） at LA and SDZ were （238.5±126.0） ×10^-9C and （278.7±185.5）×10^-9C, respectively. The results showed the ambient concentrations of TNMHCs at LA regional GAW Station increased notably over the last decade. The compositions of NMHCs at SDZ and LA were relatively similar. The proportions of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics for SDZ and LA were in ranges of （27.3±4.0）%, （10.3±3.5）%, and （62.5±4.8）%, respectively, with features of vehicle exhaust emissions. The concentrations of NMHCs at the two sites showed obvious diurnal and seasonal variations. The TNMHC concentrations in October-November were high at the two sites, and relatively low in April and July. The diurnal variation patterns at the sites were different. The high TNMHC concentrations at SDZ normally appeared in evening and night, but appeared in morning at LA. The TNMHCs concentrations at the two sites were significantly influenced by the meteorological condition. The high TNMHC concentration associated with the local wind from the urban areas or traffic in upper reaches.

关键词： sorbent thermal desorption gas chromatography non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) background concentration diurnal and seasonal variation

Forecasting tropical cyclone coastal and marine hazards and impacts

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2024年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Nadao Kohno Cody Fritz Monica Sharma Robbie Berg Diana Greenslade Devon Telford Sakeasi Rabitu P.L.N.Murty M.Mohapatra Maria Cristina C.Uson Japan meteorological Agency TokyoJapan National Hurricane center MiamiUSA India meteorological Department New DelhiIndia Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneAustralia Environment and Climate Change Canada QuebecCanada Fiji meteorological Service NadiFiji Philipine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services AdministrationQuezon CityPhilippines

The report highlights the signiﬁcant progress over various regions with respect to understanding of coastal hazards,numerical modeling techniques and the generation&dissemination of coastal hazard warnings and *** developments over various regions in the globe during 2014–18 have been discussed in this report as presented during 10th Session of International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-X)at Bali,*** speciﬁcally,various regions have started to confront the uncertainty that cannot be removed from TC analyses and forecasts and further communicate those hazards within the context of risk[probabilistic]based *** also includes impact-based forecasts such as communicating coastal inundation information relative to total water level instead of storm surge,speciﬁcally(i.e.,anomaly from as-tronomical tide and waves).Lastly,updates to model grid conﬁguration,model resolution,and coupled dynamical systems continue to resolve the costal hazards more *** approaches have likely helped reduce loss of life relative to historical ***,regions agree that the generation and dissemination of coastal hazard information still need to be improved in view of growing population along the coast and thus increased exposure of life to coastal hazard.

关键词： Coastal inundation Storm surge Probabilistic forecast

Climate services for addressing climate change: Indication of a climate livable city in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第5期12卷 744-751页

作者： WANG Yu-Jie CHEN Yu Chris HEWITT DING Wei-Hua SONG Lian-Chun AI Wan-Xiu HAN Zhen-Yu LI Xiu-Cang HUANG Zi-Li Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/International Joint Research Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Laboratory for Climate Change National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China Met Office ExeterEX13BPUK University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQld4350Australia Jiande meteorological Service Zhejiang Meteorological BureauHangzhou311600China

China, like many countries, is under great pressure to reduce climate change and adapt to current situations while simultaneously undertaking economic development and transformation. This study takes advantage of climate opportunities and provides a new concept and mode of urban climate services in order to address climate change. Eighteen indicators based on climate and climate-related variables were used to provide an assessment, in the form of an index, of how livable a city is depending on prevailing climatic conditions. The resulting index can also be used to investigate how recent and future changes in the climatic conditions could affect livability. All Chinese cities and regions share the common goals of promoting low-carbon development, improving resilience against climate change, and integrating economic growth with climate actions. Climate services have been developed in China to provide decision-makers this measure of livability. Such a move facilitates sustainable development alongside economic growth by aiding government efforts in climate adaptation and low-carbon development. Our approach represents multidisciplinary and demand-driven research on adaptation to and the impacts of regional climate change, thereby transforming climate science into a climate service and ensuring that climate information can be provided in a scientific, practical, and customized way for policy-makers. The outputs can be used locally to take concrete climate actions and integrate climate services into decision-making processes.

关键词： Climate services Addressing climate change Climate livable city China

Recent advances in operational tropical cyclone genesis forecast

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第4期12卷 323-340页

作者： K.K.Hon Robert Ballard Eric Blake Steph Bond Robb Gile Daniel Halperin Charles Helms Hoang Lam Xinyan Lyu Mrutyunjay Mohapatra Monica Sharma Akira Shimokobe Ralf Toumi Seonghee Won Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina Regional Specialized meteorological center Honolulu HonoluluUSA National Hurricane center Miami FLUSA Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneAustralia Philippine Atmospheric Geophysicaland Astronomical Services AdministrationDepartment of Science and TechnologyQuezon CityPhilippines Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration MarylandUSA Vietnam meteorological and Hydrological Administration HanoiViet Nam China meteorological Administration BeijingChina Regional Specialized meteorological center New Delhi New DelhiIndia Regional Specialized meteorological center Tokyo-Typhoon Centre TokyoJapan Department of Physics Imperial College LondonUK Korea meteorological Administration SeoulRepublic of Korea

Tropical cyclone(TC)genesis prediction is a major scientific challenge to the TC operation and research *** report surveys the current status of TC genesis forecasts by a number of major operational centers covering the key ocean basins across both *** IWTC-9,we see an emergence of probabilistic TC genesis forecast products by operational centers,typically supported by the statistical processing of a combination of ensemble prediction and satellite analysis,covering time periods of couple of days to weeks *** prevalence of multi-center grand ensemble approach highlights the uncertainties involved and the forecast challenges in quantitative genesis *** operational practice might differ across agencies,verification efforts generally report a steady or slightly improving skill level in terms of reliability,which likely results from the continual improvement in global numerical weather prediction capability.

关键词： Cyclogenesis Tropical cyclone genesis Ensemble Prediction Operational Forecasting Probabilistic Verification Survey Global

Analysis for retrieval and validation results of FY-3 Total Ozone Unit (TOU)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第26期55卷 3037-3043页

作者： WANG WeiHe ZHANG XingYing AN XingQin ZHANG Yan HUANG FuXiang WANG YongMei WANG YingJian ZHANG ZhongMou LU JianGong FU LiPing JIANG Fang LIU GuoYang Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration (LRCVES/CMA) Beijing 100081 China National Satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Centre for Atmosphere Watch and services (CA WAS) China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Space Star Technology Company Ltd. Chinese Academy of Space Technology Beijing 100086 China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Retrieval experiment was made for global total column ozone using the first year measurements of Total Ozone Unit (TOU) on board the second generation polar orbiting meteorological satellite of China, FY-3/A. The retrieval results were analyzed and validated by comparison with AURA/OMI, Meteop/GOME-2 global ozone products and ground-based ozone measurement data. The qualititative comparisons over the globe especially over Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau show that the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics are consistent with OMI and GOME-2 products. The quantitative comparisons with ground-based measurements and AURA/OMI ozone product were made over 74 stations, the TOU total ozone retrieval has a 3% rms relative error compared with AURA/OMI ozone product and 4.2% rms relative error with ground-based measurements. The maximum difference between satellite retrieval and ground-based measurements was found in the Antarctica ozone hole. The TOU global ozone product is operational and distributed to all users.

关键词：臭氧总量检索结果验证极轨气象卫星时空分布特征地面测量测量数据相对误差

Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and precipitation of the Nam Co region, central Tibet

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1748-1756页

作者： Jing Ming Cunde Xiao Junying Sun Shichang Kang Paolo Bonasoni State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China National Climate center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate CNR Bologna Italy

A continuous air and precipitation sampling for carbonaceous particles was conducted in a field observatory beside Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau during July of 2006 through January of 2007. Organic carbon （OC） was the dominant composition of the carbonaceous particles both in the atmosphere （1660 ng/m ^3 ） and precipitation （476 ng/g） in this area, while the average elemental carbon （BC） concentrations in the atmosphere and precipitation were only 82 ng/m 3 and 8 ng/g, respectively. Very high OC/BC ratio suggested local secondary organic carbon could be a dominant contribution to OC over the Nam Co region, while BC could be mainly originated from Southern Asia, as indicated by trajectory analysis and aerosol optical depth. Comparison between the BC concentrations measured in Lhasa, those at ＂Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid （NCO-P）＂ site on the southern slope of the Himalayas, and Nam Co suggested BC in the Nam Co region reflected a background with weak anthropogenic disturbances and the emissions from Lhasa might have little impact on the atmospheric environment here, while the pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Basin of Southern Asia could be transported to the Nam Co region by both the summer monsoon and the westerly.

关键词： carbonaceous particle elemental carbon organic carbon Nam Co Tibetan Plateau

Rapid increase in warm-wet compound extreme events with high health risks in southern China:Joint influence of ENSO and the Indian Ocean

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 856-865页

作者： Cai-Meng LIANG Liang ZHAO Shun-Wu ZHOU Xin-Yong SHEN Cun-Rui HUANG Yi-Hui DING Yan-Ju LIU Hao-Xin YAO Kai-Xing ZHOU Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmosphere Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academyof SciencesBeijing100029China Key Laboratory of South China Sea meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of hainan Province Haikou 570203China Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China Institute of Healthy China Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Climate center China Meteorological AdministrationBejing 100081China Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Bejing 100854China

High temperature and high humidity pose notable threats to the health and survival of humans,and the impact of compound extreme events involving multiple meteorological elements is usually greater than the sum of the impacts of individual extreme ***,there is limited research on the compound extreme meteorological events,defined based on the extreme of health risks rather than just the extreme of meteoro-logical elements,necessitating further investigation into their characteristics and underlying driving *** daily records of emergency ambulance dispatches from selected Chinese cities,together with daily average temperature and relative humidity data,this study identified and quantified warm-wet compound extreme events with high health risks(HRWWs)that occurred in southern China during *** revealed that HRWWs were most prevalent in the coastal region of southern *** annual frequency of HRWWs across China underwent a marked shift in 2014,with the rapid increase in recent years primarily contributed by the increase in summer HRWWs and advance and extension of the period of occurrence of HRWWs in *** analysis indicated that the changes in HRWWs in southern China during summer were primarily regulated by the EIl Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)of the preceding winter and the springtime Indian Ocean basin-wide(IOBW)*** Nino and Indian Ocean warming force a reverse Walker circulation in the tropical Indian Ocean-western Pacific,strengthening the Philippine anticyclone(PAC)in *** weakens convection in the northwestern Pacific and enables the western Pacific subtropical high to extend westward over coastal areas of southern *** resulting abnormal atmospheric circulation causes prevailing subsidence over southern China,which is unfavorable for precipitation but conducive to maintaining high surface *** reduced precipitation,water vapor flux is increased owing to strengthened southwesterlies

关键词： Health risk Warm-wet compound events ENSO IOBW