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An Improved Method for Correction of Air Temperature Measured Using Different Radiation Shields

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第6期31卷 1460-1468页

作者： CHENG Xinghong SU Debin LI Deping CHEN Lu XU Wenjing YANG Meilin LI Yongcheng YUE Zhizhong WANG Zijing Public meteorological Service Center China meteorological Administration Support Center for Atmospheric Observing Technology Beijing meteorological bureau Beijing Observatory Station Beijing meteorological bureau Daxing District bureau of Meteorology Beijing meteorological bureau

The variation of air temperature measurement errors using two different radiation shields （DTR502B Vaisala,Finland,and HYTFZ01,Huayun Tongda Satcom,China） was *** were collected in the field at the Daxing weather station in Beijing from June 2011 to May *** air temperature values obtained with these two commonly used radiation shields were lower than the reference records obtained with the new Fiber Reinforced Polymers （FRP） Stevenson *** most cases,the air temperature errors when using the two devices were smaller on overcast and rainy days than on sunny days; and smaller when using the imported rather than the Chinese *** measured errors changed sharply at sunrise and sunset,and reached maxima at *** diurnal variation characteristics were,naturally,related to changes in solar *** relationships between the record errors,global radiation,and wind speed were *** improved correction method was proposed based on the approach described by Nakamura and Mahrt （2005）（NM05）,in which the impact of the solar zenith angle （SZA） on the temperature error is considered and extreme errors due to changes in SZA can be corrected *** errors were reduced significantly after correction by either method for both *** error reduction rate using the improved correction method for the Chinese and imported shields were 3.3％ and 40.4％ higher than those using the NM05 method,respectively.

关键词： radiation shield measurement error impacts of solar zenith angle improved correction method

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A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TAIWAN ISLAND TERRAIN ON TYPHOON HAITANG (0505) TRACK

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2008年第1期14卷 37-40页

作者：余贞寿侯球锋王海东吴贤笃李怀川 Wenzhou meteorological bureau Wenchen meteorological bureau

The track of Typhoon Haitang (0505), which passed through the Taiwan Island and landed again, has been successfully simulated by using the non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model MM5. Its structure is analyzed on the landing stage, and it is found that there exist good relationships between the typhoon abnormal moving track and its asymmetry structure. The effect of terrain of Taiwan Island on the typhoon Haitang, which made it rotate before landing and present a"V"type abnormal moving track in Taiwan straits, has also been simulated. Further analysis shows that the terrain of Taiwan Island not only directly affects the typhoon moving track, but also changes the typhoon track by affecting its asymmetric structure. Therefore, the typhoon asymmetric structure and the effect of terrain of Taiwan Island together results in the abnormal rotating track. The terrain of Taiwan Island tends to increase the SW-NE asymmetric structure of the typhoon and has different effect on SE-NW asymmetric structure during the landfall process of typhoon Haitang before entering and moving out of the Taiwan straits.

关键词： typhoon asymmetry structure moving track terrain

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Impact of meteorological conditions on a nine-day particulate matter pollution event observed in December 2013,Shanghai,China

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Particuology 2015年第3期13卷 69-79页

作者： Jianming Xu Fengxia Yan Ying Xie Fengyun Wang Jianbin Wu Qingyan Fu Shanghai meteorological bureau meteorological Center of Traffic Management bureau of East China Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center

A severe particulate matter pollution event occurred in Shanghai from 1 to 9 December 2013. The mean hourly mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 211.9 and 249.0 μg/m3, respectively. Reanalysis data, in situ, and remote-sensing measurements were used to examine the impacts of meteorological conditions on this event. It was found that the synoptic pattern of weak pressure, the reduced planetary boundary layer height, and the passage of two cold fronts were key factors causing the event. Four stages were identified during this event based on the evolution of its PM2.5 levels and weather conditions. The highest concentration of PM2.5 （602 μg/m3） was observed in stage 3. High PM2.5 concentrations were closely associated with a low local ventilation index, with an average of 505 m2/s, as well as with the influx of pollutants from upstream, transported by the cold fronts.

关键词： Particulate matterPM2.5Pollution eventPlanetary boundary layerCold frontUrban air pollution

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Overview of the development history of China’s typhoon research and operational work in the past century

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第3期63卷 362-383页

作者： Xiaotu LEI Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China meteorological Administration Shanghai meteorological bureau

Because typhoons are one of the most major natural disasters in the southeastern coastal areas of China,great attention has been paid to the prevention and mitigation of the disasters caused by *** the past century,significant progress has been made in typhoon-related scientific research and operational work in China,including the construction of a network of typhoon monitoring stations,the establishment of forecasting operation systems,early warning and prevention of typhoon-related disasters,and the research of basic theories of typhoon behaviors and key forecasting *** paper briefly reviews the milestones in the development history of typhoon research in China over the past century and a half in order to commemorate the predecessors,especially those who made historical contributions to the advancement of typhoon research since the economic and cultural reforms known as the"Opening of China",who provided historical references which enabled China to become an international leader in the field of typhoon science and technology.

关键词： Typhoon Scientific research and operations Development history Review

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Numerical Study on the Impact of Ground Heating and Ambient Wind Speed on Flow Fields in Street Canyons

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第6期29卷 1227-1237页

作者：李磊杨琳张立杰江崟 Shenzhen National Climate Observatory Meteorological Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality Shenzhen meteorological Service Center Meteorological Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality

The impact of ground heating on flow fields in street canyons under different ambient wind speed conditions was studied based on numerical methods. A series of numerical tests were performed, and three factors including height-to-width （H/W） ratio, ambient wind speed and ground heating intensity were taken into account. Three types of street canyon with H/W ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, respectively, were used in the simulation and seven speed values ranging from 0.0 to 3.0 m s-1 were set for the ambient wind speed. The ground heating intensity, which was defined as the difference b-ween the ground temperature and air temperature, ranged from 10 to 40 K with an increase of 10 K in the tests. The results showed that under calm conditions, ground heating could induce circulation with a wind speed of around 1.0 m s-i, which is enough to disperse pollutants in a street canyon. It was also found that an ambient wind speed threshold may exist for street canyons with a fixed H/W ratio. When ambient wind speed was lower than the threshold identified in this study, the impact of the thermal effect on the flow field was obvious, and there existed a multi-vortex flow pattern in the street canyon. When the ambient wind speed was higher than the threshold, the circulation pattern was basically determined by dynamic effects. The tests on the impact of heating intensity showed that a higher ground heating intensity could strengthen the vortical flow within the street canyon, which would help improve pollutant diffusion capability in street canyons.

关键词： street canyon thermal effect ambient wind ground heating intensity computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON ONSET BASED ON GRAPES MODEL AND EXPERIMENTS ON INITIAL MODEL FIELDS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第4期16卷 348-354页

作者：周慧朱国强陈江民丁小剑黄赛群 Hunan provincial meteorological observatory Hunan provincial meteorological service center Hunan provincial meteorological bureau Yuanjiang meteorological bureau

The Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES), a limited-area regional model, was used to simulate the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. In view of the relatively insufficient information about the initial field in simulation predictions, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) data from a NOAA satellite were introduced to improve the initial values. By directly using the 3-dimensional variational data assimilation system of GRAPES, two schemes for assimilation tests were designed. In the design, Test 1 (T1) assimilates both sounding and AMSU-B data, and Test 2 (T2) assimilates only the conventional sounding data, before applying the model in simulation forecasts. Comparative experiments showed that the model was very sensitive to initial fields and successful in reproducing the monsoon onset, allocation of high- and low-level wind fields during the pentad of onset, and the northward advancement of the monsoon and monsoon rain bands. The scheme, however, simulated rainfall and the location of the subtropical high with deviations from observations. The simulated location of the subtropical high was more westward and northward and the simulated rainfall for the South China Sea was larger and covered a broader area.

关键词： numerical simulation GRAPES model South China Sea summer monsoon onset three-dimensional variational assimilation

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REASONS FOR THE LATE ONSET AND ANOMALOUS SOUTHWARD PERSISTENCE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON IN 2005

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第1期16卷 27-34页

作者：鲍媛媛琚建华金荣花康志明 National meteorological Center Yunnan meteorological bureau

Features of atmospheric circulation and thermal structures are discussed using the NCAR/NCEP data to reveal the reasons for the late onset and anomalous southward persistence of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) in *** results show that three factors are ***,a strong Arabian High overlaps with a high-latitude blocking high and channels strong cold air to southern ***,the Tibetan Plateau has a bigger snow cover than usual in spring and the melting of snow cools down the ***,the Somali Jet breaks out at a much later date,being not conducive to convection over *** former two factors restrict atmospheric sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby regions while the third one limits latent heating over *** of the factors slow down atmospheric warming and postpone the onset of *** after the onset of SCSSM,strong cold air over India advances the Southwest Monsoon northward slowly,resulting in weaker convection and latent heating over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby *** negative feedback conversely inhibits further northward movement of Southwest Monsoon.

关键词： South China Sea summer monsoon Arabian High Somali Jet snow cover

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Two-year measurements of surface ozone at Dangxiong,a remote highland site in the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 133-145页

作者： Weili Lin Xiaobin Xu Xiangdong Zheng Jaxi Dawa Ciren Baima Jin Ma Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services Meteorological Observation Centre China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Dangxiong meteorological bureau Lhasa meteorological bureau Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences McGill University

Measurements of surface O3 and carbon monoxide（CO） were made from September 2009 to August 2011 at Dangxiong（30.48°N, 91.10°E, 4187 m a.s.l.）, a remote highland site in a southern valley of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monthly mean O3 mixing ratio ranged from 29.1 to 51.4 ppb, with an average of 38.5 ppb, and the maximum value was observed in May. The average diurnal cycle of O3 concentration showed a minimum in early morning and a maximum in the afternoon, with a broader ＂high platform＂ from the late morning to the late afternoon, and resembled that of surface wind speed. The concentration of surface O3 was highly significantly correlated with tropospheric column O3 over the regions surrounding Dangxiong and with that of surface O3 observed at a site north of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains, suggesting a good regional representativeness of surface O3 at Dangxiong. In the afternoon when stronger winds blew, surface air showed distinct features of free-atmospheric air, with higher O3, lower CO, and lower relative humidity（RH）. The negative O3-CO and O3-RH correlations in most months indicate a significant influence of air masses from the free troposphere. Trajectory analysis suggests that air masses originating from the south of the site make a negative net contribution to surface O3 and a positive contribution to CO and humidity, and those from the northwest sector contribute conversely to the respective quantities.

关键词： Surface ozone Tibetan Plateau Impact of transport and vertical mixing

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Homogenization of Surface Pressure Data in Tianjin, China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1131-1142页

作者： Peng SI Chuanjun LUO Min WANG Tianjin meteorological Information Center Tianjin Meteorological BureauTianjin 300074

Based on a hydrostatic check,a preliminary quality control procedure was applied to the hourly surface air pressure(SAP)and sea level pressure(SLP)data from 13 surface observation stations in Tianjin,*** daily and monthly series of the two pressures were tested for homogeneity with the RHtestsV5 software package and corrected by using the surface air temperature data as a *** results showed that 5 and 3 of the 13 stations had significant breakpoints in their SAP and SLP data,respectively,mainly caused by station *** matching adjustments showed that both pressures were dominated by positive deviation corrections and adjustments,with probability densities>0.2 concentrated in the ranges 0.02 to 1.80 and-0.02 to 1.64 *** of the variances and trends of the two pressures before and after adjustment showed that homogeneity correction can greatly reduce the influence of abnormal discrete pressure data and make the long-term trends of the series more *** Baodi station(54525),which has the most significant correction results,as an example,the trend amplitude of the adjusted SAP and SLP was increased by 0.316 and 0.294 hPa(10 yr)-1(95%confidence level),respectively,clearly weakening the sudden reduction induced in the two pressure series by the relocation of this *** with similar products showed that the adjusted data were better than those from the China meteorological ***,the reliability of the surface pressure data and the processing techniques have been improved.

关键词： Tianjin station surface air pressure sea level pressure homogenization usability assessment

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Impact of FY-3D MWRI Radiance Assimilation in GRAPES 4DVar on Forecasts of Typhoon Shanshan

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 836-850页

作者： Hongyi XIAO Wei HAN Hao WANG Jincheng WANG Guiqing LIU Changshan XU Numerical Weather Prediction Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Tai’an City meteorological bureau Shandong Meteorological BureauTai’an 271000

In this study, Fengyun-3 D(FY-3 D) Micro Wave Radiation Imager(MWRI) radiance data were directly assimilated into the Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System(GRAPES) four-dimensional variational(4 DVar) system. Quality control procedures were developed for MWRI applications by using algorithms from similar microwave instruments. Compared with the FY-3 C MWRI, the bias of FY-3 D MWRI observations did not show a clear node-dependent difference from the numerical weather prediction background simulation. A conventional bias correction approach can therefore be used to remove systematic biases before the assimilation of data. After assimilating the MWRI radiance data into GRAPES, the geopotential height and humidity analysis fields were improved relative to the control experiment. There was a positive impact on the location of the subtropical high, which led to improvements in forecasts of the track of Typhoon Shanshan.

关键词： Fengyun-3D(FY-3D) Microwave Radiation Imager(MWRI) Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System(GRAPES) four-dimensional variational(4DVar) typhoon forecast

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