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Neuropeptide cholecystokinin:a key neuromodulator for hippocampal functions

Neural Regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 1991-1992页

作者： Fengwen Huang Stephen Temitayo Bello Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Spatial memory is crucial for survival within external surroundings and wild *** hippocampus,a critical hub for spatial learning and memory formation,has received extensive investigations on how neuromodulators shape its functions(Teixeira et al.,2018;Zhang et al.,2024).However,the landscape of neuromodulations in the hippocampal system remains poorly understood because most studies focus on classical monoamine neuromodulators,such as acetylcholine,serotonin,dopamine,and *** neuropeptides,comprising the most abundant neuromodulators in the central nervous system,play a pivotal role in neural information processing in the hippocampal ***(CCK),one of the most abundant neuropeptides,has been implicated in regulating various physiological and neurobiological statuses(Chen et al.,2019).CCK-A receptor(CCK-AR)and CCK-B receptors(CCK-BR)are two key receptors mediating the biological functions of CCK,both of which belong to class-A sevenfold transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors(Nishimura et al.,2015).CCK-AR preferentially reacts to sulfated CCK,whereas CCK-BR binds both CCK and gastrin with similar affinities(Ding et al.,2022).The expression patterns of CCK-AR and CCK-BR are distinct,implying that CCK has various functions in target *** instance,CCK-AR is widely expressed in the GI and brain subregions and is hence implicated in the control of digestive function and satiety ***,CCK-BR is abundantly and widely distributed in the central nervous system,which majorly regulates anxiety,learning,and memory(Ding et al.,2022).However,the roles of endogenous CCK and CCK receptors in regulating hippocampal function at electrophysiological and behavioral levels have received less attention.

关键词： abundant functions modulator

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Catalyst–Support Interaction in Polyaniline‑Supported Ni_(3)Fe Oxide to Boost Oxygen Evolution Activities for Rechargeable Zn‑Air Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 176-190页

作者： Xiaohong Zou Qian Lu Mingcong Tang Jie Wu Kouer Zhang Wenzhi Li Yunxia Hu Xiaomin Xu Xiao Zhang Zongping Shao Liang An Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongMa Lin BuildingShatinHong Kong SAR 999077People’s Republic of China WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering(WASM‑MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia research institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of China research institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of China

Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe *** is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe *** the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.

关键词： Catalyst-support interaction Supported catalysts Heterointerface Oxygen evolution reaction Zn-air batteries

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Quantifying spectral thermal transport properties in framework of molecular dynamics simulations:a comprehensive review

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Rare Metals 2023年第12期42卷 3914-3944页

作者： Yi-Xin Xu hong-Zhao Fan Yan-Guang Zhou Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China hkust shenzhen-hong kong collaborative innovation research institute Shenzhen 518000China

Over the past few decades,significant progress has been made in micro-and nanoscale heat *** computational methods have been developed to quantitatively characterize the thermal transport in bulk materials and across the interfaces,which benefit the thermal management design in microelectronics and energy conversion in thermoelectrics *** this paper,the methods and studies on quantifying thermal transport properties using molecular dynamics simulations are comprehensively *** classical methods based on molecular dynamics simulations are first introduced,i.e.,equilibrium molecular dynamics and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics,to calculate the thermal transport properties in bulk materials and across the *** spectroscopy methods are then reviewed,which are developed in the framework of equilibrium molecular dynamics(i.e.,time domain normal mode analysis,spectral energy density,Green-Kubo modal analysis) and methods proposed based on the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics(i.e.,time domain direct decompose method,frequency domain direct decompose method and spectral heat flux method).In the subsequent section,the calculations of spectral thermal conductivities using these computational methods in various systems are presented,including simple crystals,low-dimensional materials,complex materials and *** that,spectral thermal transport across the interfacial systems is discussed,which includes solid/solid interfaces,solid/solid interfaces with interfacial engineering and solid/liquid *** fundamental challenges in molecular dynamics simulations,such as including quantum effects and quantifying the anharmonic contributions,are discussed as ***,some open problems on spectroscopy thermal transport properties in the framework of molecular dynamics simulations are given in the summary.

关键词： Thermal transport Spectral decomposition Molecular dynamics simulations Interfacial thermal transport Complex system

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Vertical serpentine interconnect-enabled stretchable and curved electronics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 165-174页

作者： Rui Jiao Ruoqin Wang Yixin Wang Yik Kin Cheung Xingru Chen Xiaoyi Wang Yang Deng hongyu Yu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong SAR 999077China hkust shenzhen-hong kong collaborative innovation research institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518045China

Stretchable and curved electronic devices are a promising technology trend due to their remarkable *** approaches have been developed to manufacture stretchable and curved ***,to allow such electronics to better serve practical applications,ranging from wearable devices to soft robotics,we propose a novel vertical serpentine conductor(VSC)with superior electrical stability to interconnect functional devices through a silicon-based microfabrication *** vacuum transfer printing(CVTP)technology was developed to transfer the networked platform onto complex curved surfaces to demonstrate *** mechanical and electrical performance were investigated numerically and *** VSC interconnected network provides a new approach for stretchable and curved electronics with high stretchability and reliability.

关键词： curved network electrical

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Increased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 levels in basolateral amygdala astrocytes mediate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behavior

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第6期20卷 1721-1734页

作者： Xirong Xu Shoumin Xuan Shuai Chen Dan Liu Qian Xiao Jie Tu shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with ***, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal *** knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was ob

关键词： anxiety astrocytes basolateral amygdala behavior dihydrokainic acid excitatory amino acid transporter 2 fiber photometry glutamate LDN-212320 transporter

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Efficient cutting path planning for a non-spherical tool based on an iso-scallop height distance field

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第7期37卷 496-510页

作者： Jiancheng HAO Dong HE Zhaoyu LI Pengcheng HU Yuanzhi CHEN Kai TANG Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China The hong kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou) Smart Manufacturing ThrustNanshaGuangzhou 511400China hkust shenzhen-hong kong collaborative innovation research institute Shenzhen 518057China hkust shenzhen research institute Shenzhen 518057China

Iso-scallop height machining means,when machining a freeform surface,the scallop height between any two neighboring tool paths on the surface will be a constant(i.e.,the given threshold),which is preferable among various freeform surface machining strategies due to its high machining efficiency as well as better machine tool’s ***,all the existing iso-scallop height path planning methods pertain to only the ball-end or flat-end types of *** recent years,the non-spherical cutting tool has become more and more popular,especially for five-axis machining of complex freeform surfaces,majorly owing to its non-constant curvature which can be utilized to adaptively fit the tool to the surface to both avoid the local gouging and enlarge the cutting ***,there have been no reported works on iso-scallop height five-axis tool path generation for a non-spherical tool,and,in this paper,we present ***,we first define and construct two fields on the surface to be machined-the collision-free tool orientation field(vector)and the iso-scallop height distance field(scalar).The iso-lines of the scalar field and their associated tool orientation field vectors then naturally serve as potential iso-scallop height five-axis tool paths,and we present a propagation-based algorithm to construct the desired tool path from the *** computer simulation and physical cutting experiments confirm that everywhere on the surface,except maybe near the saddle curves of the scalar filed,the scallop height is exactly the given *** adding the saddle curves as extra tool paths,the final machined surface then is assured of the required scallop height requirement.

关键词： Freeform surface machining Iso-scallop tool path Customized tool Five-axis tool path Computer aided manufacturing

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AlphaMobileSensing:A virtual testbed for mobile environmental monitoring

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1027-1040页

作者： Qi Zhou Haoran Zhong Linyan Li Zhe Wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Data Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina hkust shenzhen-hong kong collaborative innovation research institute FutianShenzhenChina

Environmental monitoring plays a critical role in creating and maintaining a comfortable,productive,and healthy *** upon the advancements of robotics and data processing,mobile sensing demonstrates its potential to address problems regarding cost,deployment,and resolution that stationary monitoring encounters,which therefore has attracted increasing research attentions *** facilitate mobile sensing,two key algorithms are needed:the field reconstruction algorithm and the route planning *** field reconstruction algorithm is to reconstruct the entire environment field from spatially-and temporally-discrete measurements collected by the mobile *** route planning algorithm is to instruct the mobile sensors where the mobile sensor needs to move to for the next *** performance of mobile sensors highly depends on these two ***,developing and testing those algorithms in the real world is expensive,challenging,and *** address these issues,we proposed and implemented an open-source virtual testbed,AlphaMobileSensing,that can be used to develop,test,and benchmark mobile sensing *** aims to help users more easily develop and test the field reconstruction and route planning algorithms for mobile sensing solutions,without worrying about hardware fault,test accidents(such as collision during the test),*** separation of concerns can significantly reduce the cost of developing software solutions for mobile *** versatility and flexibility,AlphaMobileSensing was wrapped up using the standardized interface of OpenAI Gym,and it also provides an interface for loading physical fields that were generated by numerical simulations as virtual test sites to perform mobile sensing and retrieving monitoring *** demonstrated applications of the virtual testbed by implementing and testing algorithms for physical field reconstruction in both static and dynamic indoor thermal en

关键词： mobile sensing environmental monitoring indoor environmental quality environmental field reconstruction

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Effects of mean shear on the vortex identification and the orientation statistics

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2023年第4期13卷 280-286页

作者： Tianyi Bai Cheng Cheng Lin Fu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China hkust shenzhen-hong kong collaborative innovation research institute Shenzhen 815057China

This work compares the threshold applied to the swirling strength as well as the vortex orientation statistics in the total and fluctuating velocity fields using direct numerical simulations of compressible and incompressible turbulent channel *** is concluded that the difference in the swirling strength for vortex identification is minimal in the logarithmic region such that these two situations share the same *** the vortex orientation,the inclination angle remains ***,as the wall-normal distance increases,a more and more obvious distinction is noticed for its orientation with respect to the spanwise(z)*** is mainly due to their intrinsic differences and attendant contrasting preference for the vortex identification,i.e.,vortices rotating in the−z direction for the total velocity field and in the z direction for the fluctuating *** observations function as a reasonable explanation for various remarks in previous studies.

关键词： Vortex Compressible wall-bounded turbulence Turbulence structure Channel flows

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Efflcient machining of a complex blisk channel using a disc cutter

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 414-437页

作者： Xiangyu LI Zhaoyu LI Dong HE Junxue REN Qian FENG Kai TANG Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing for Aero Engine(Northwestern Polytechnical University) Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi’an 710072China Xi’an Sanhang Power Technology Co. LtdXi’an 710000China hkust shenzhen-hong kong collaborative innovation research institute FutianShenzhen 518057China hkust shenzhen research institute Shenzhen 518057China

For rough machining of a complex narrow cavity,e.g.,a complex blisk channel on an aero-engine,the typically used cutting tools are the slender cylindrical cutter and conical ***,as neither of the two is particularly suited for rough machining,wherein the main purpose is to remove a large volume as quickly as possible,the machining efficiency is low,especially when the part materials are of hard-to-cut types(e.g.,Titanium-alloy)for which it often takes days to rough machine a ***,disc machining provides a new and efficient roughing solution,since a disc cutter with a large radius enables a much larger cutting speed and thus a larger material removal ***,due to the large radius of the disc cutter,its potential collision with narrow and twisted channels becomes a serious *** this paper,we propose a novel twophase approach for efficiently machining a complex narrow cavity workpiece using a disc-shaped cutter,i.e.,3+2-axis disc-slotting of the channel by multiple layers(rough machining)+five-axis disc-milling of the freeform channel side surfaces(semi-finish machining).Both simulation and physical cutting experiments are conducted to assess the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed *** experimental results show that,with respect to a same cusp-height threshold on the channel side surfaces,the total machining time of the tested part by the proposed method is about only 36%of that by the conventional approach of plunging-milling(for roughing)plus milling by a slender cylindrical cutter(for semi-finishing).

关键词： Blisk channel CNC machining Disc cutter Roughing efficiency Tool path planning

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Electrochemical synthesis of β-hydroxy-, β-alkoxy-, and β-carbonyloxy sulfones by vicinal difunctionalization of olefins

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第8期30卷 1509-1511页

作者： Zhefan Zhang Jiyao Yan Dengke Ma Jianwei Sun shenzhen research institute The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)Shenzhen 518057China Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)Hong KongChina

An electrochemical vicinal heterodifunctionalization of olefins for the synthesis ofβ-oxysulfones is *** suitable choice of the conditions,including current,electrodes,and electrolyte,this oxidation reaction proceeded efficiently in an undivided cell without the use of a stoichiometric chemical *** addition to the previously established synthesis ofβ-hydroxysulfones in the presence of water,minor modification of this protocol by using either external alcohol nucleophiles or internal carboxylic acid nucleophile also led to the synthesis ofβ-alkoxysulfones,andβ-sulfonyl lactones.

关键词： Olefins Difunctionalization Electrochemical synthesis Sulfones

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