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A Review of Research on the Record-Breaking Precipitation Event in Henan Province,China,July 2021

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1485-1500页

作者： Qinghong ZHANG Rumeng LI Juanzhen SUN Feng LU Jun XU Fan ZHANG Department of Atmospheric&Oceanic sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric Science BoulderCO 80307United States Innovation Center for Feng Yun Meteorological Satellite National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationsBeijing 100049China National Meteorological Center of China Beijing 100081China

A record-breaking precipitation event,with a maximum 24-h(1-h)precipitation of 624 mm(201.9 mm)observed at Zhengzhou Weather Station,occurred in Henan Province,China,in July 2021.However,all global operational forecast models failed to predict the intensity and location of maximum precipitation for this event.The unexpected heavy rainfall caused 398 deaths and 120.06 billion RMB of economic losses.The high-societal-impact of this event has drawn much attention from the research community.This article provides a research review of the event from the perspectives of observations,analysis,dynamics,predictability,and the connection with climate warming and urbanization.Global reanalysis data show that there was an anomalous large-scale circulation pattern that resulted in abundant moisture supply to the region of interest.Three mesoscale systems(a mesoscale low pressure system,a barrier jet,and downslope gravity current)were found by recent high-resolution model simulation and data assimilation studies to have contributed to the local intensification of the rainstorm.Furthermore,observational analysis has suggested that an abrupt increase in graupel through microphysical processes after the sequential merging of three convective cells contributed to the record-breaking precipitation.Although these findings have aided in our understanding of the extreme rainfall event,preliminary analysis indicated that the practical predictability of the extreme rainfall for this event was rather low.The contrary influences of climate warming and urbanization on precipitation extremes as revealed by two studies could add further challenges to the predictability.We conclude that data sharing and collaboration between meteorological and hydrological researchers will be crucial in future research on high-impact weather events.

关键词： extreme precipitation observation dynamics predictability climate warming urbanization

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Lessons Learned from the Tragedy during the 100 km Ultramarathon Race in Baiyin,Gansu Province on 22 May 2021

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第11期38卷 1803-1810页

作者： Qinghong ZHANG Chan-Pang NG Kan DAI Jun XU Jian TANG Juanzhen SUN Mu MU Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric Science BoulderCO 80307United States Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Twenty-one runners died of hypothermia during the 100 km Ultramarathon Mountain race in Baiyin,Gansu Province on 22 May 2021.The hypothermia was caused by a combination of low temperatures,precipitation,and high winds associated with a typical large-scale cold front passing by the race site that morning.Based on historical hourly records of 13 meteorological surface stations over the past six years,temperature(3.0°C)and apparent temperature(−5.1°C)at 1200 LST as well as gust wind speed(11.2 m s^(−1))at 1100 LST on the day of the tragedy were found to be within the top or bottom 5th percentile for the month of May.The precipitation was only moderate at this time,but when temperature lower than 3.0°C,gust wind speed greater than 11.2 m s^(−1),and precipitation greater than 0.1 mm for any adjacent three hours were combined together,1200 LST 22 May fell within the top 0.1%of cases.The European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting model produced reasonably good forecasts of the low temperature and high wind one day and seven days before the event,respectfully.Based on this study,lessons that can be learned from this tragedy are summarized from an academic perspective:Hazard and impact forecasts of high-impact weather events should be developed to increase the value of weather forecasts.Probability forecasts should be issued by government weather agencies and communicated well to the public.And more importantly,knowledge of how to evaluate the impact of weather should be delivered to the public in the future.We would like to extend our deepest condolences to the families and loved ones of the people who lost their lives in this tragedy,including 21 runners and one officer.May our efforts honor those who lost their lives by highlighting the value of weather forecasting and calling for greater action in the future.

关键词： low temperature high wind precipitation value of weather forecast

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Making FAIR Easy with FAIR Tools:From Creolization to Convergence

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 87-95,305页

作者： Mark Thompson Kees Burger Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Marco Roos Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Leiden University Medical Center Leiden2333 ZAThe Netherlands GO FAIR international Support&coordination office(GFISCO) LeidenThe Netherlands

Since their publication in 2016 we have seen a rapid adoption of the FAIR principles in many scientific disciplines where the inherent value of research data and,therefore,the importance of good data management and data stewardship,is recognized.This has led to many communities asking“What is FAIR?”and“How FAIR are we currently?”,questions which were addressed respectively by a publication revisiting the principles and the emergence of FAIR metrics.However,early adopters of the FAIR principles have already run into the next question:“How can we become(more)FAIR?”This question is more difficult to answer,as the principles do not prescribe any specific standard or implementation.Moreover,there does not yet exist a mature ecosystem of tools,platforms and standards to support human and machine agents to manage,produce,publish and consume FAIR data in a user-friendly and efficient(i.e.,“easy”)way.In this paper we will show,however,that there are already many emerging examples of FAIR tools under development.This paper puts forward the position that we are likely already in a creolization phase where FAIR tools and technologies are merging and combining,before converging in a subsequent phase to solutions that make FAIR feasible in daily practice.

关键词： FAIR data FAIR in practice FAIR tools FAIR application support creolization and convergence

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Science and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1557-1561页

作者： Yali Luo Liye Li Richard HJohnson Chih-Pei Chang Lianshou Chen Wai-Kin Wong Jing Chen Kalli Furtado John LMcBride Ajit Tyagi Nanette Lomarda Thierry Lefort Esperanza O.Cayanan State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO 80523USA Naval Postgraduate School MontereyCA 93943USA Hong Kong Observatory.Hong Kong 999077 China Numerical Prediction Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Met office ExeterDevon EXI 3PBUK Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneVictoria 3001Australia India Meteorological Department Noida 201303India World Weather Research Division World Meteorological OrganizationGeneva 1211Switzerland Meteo-France Toulouse 31000France Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Quezon City 1100Philippines

With the increasing incidence of heavy rainfall events,particularly over the monsoon regions,the highly dense populations are more vulnerable[1].Research initiatives on observation,modeling,and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall have been promoted actively by World Weather Research Programme's(WWRP)Working Group on Tropical Meteorology Research(WGTMR)of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)since 2010.Series of monsoon-heavy-rainfall workshops were held in Beijing(2011),Petaling Jaya(2012),and New Delhi(2015)to benefit scientists worldwide and forecasters from the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.An international Research and Development Project,namely,the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment(SCMREX)[2]was established in 2013 to coordinate field campaign experiments and to conduct scientific research on presummer(April-June)heavy rainfall processes in southern China.

关键词： China. rainfall monsoon

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Increasing the value of weather-related warnings

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Science Bulletin 2019年第10期64卷 647-649页

作者： Qinghong Zhang Liye Li Beth Ebert Brian Golding David Johnston Brian Mills Shannon Panchuk Sally Potter Michael Riemer Juanzhen Sun Andrea Taylor Sarah Jones Paolo Ruti Julia Keller HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Deutscher Wetterdienst Research and Development Offenbach 6306乙 Germany World Weather Research Division World Meteorological Organization Geneva 1211 Switzerland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Met office Exeter Devon EXI 3PB UK GNS Science/Massey University Willington 6140 New Zealand University of Waterloo and Environment and Climate Change Canada Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada Institute of Atmospheric Physics University of Mainz Mainz 55128 Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Despite advances in forecasting and emergency preparedness, weather related disasters continue to cost many lives, to displace populations and to cause wide-spread damage. Therefore, High Impact Weather Project (hiweather), a 10-year research project (https://public.***.int/en/resources/buHetin/hiweather-10-yearresearch- project), was established in 2016 by WM0 (World Meteorology Organization) WWRP (World Weather Research Program: https://www.***.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/wwrp_new_en. html). hiweather aimed at achieving dramatic improvements in the effectiveness of weather-related hazard warnings, following recent advancement in numerical weather prediction at km-scale and in disaster risk reduction. The implementation plan was developed under the concept of warning chain, which comprises all components and the connections between to a successful weather-hazards warning: observations, weather forecast, hazard forecast, impact forecast, the generation of warnings and decision making (Fig. 1). A successful warning relies on information produced by the meteorological and related physical sciences, thus its effectiveness of delivery depends on applications of social, behavioral and economic sciences. The workshop of WM0 High Impact Weather Project was held in Beijing during 20-22 November of 2018, attracted a diverse and interdisciplinary group of over 70 scientists from 25 countries in the broad field of physical and social science, during which all elements of the warning chain were discussed critically.

关键词： Despite advances forecasting and emergency weather related disasters

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Integrated Zoology’s collection of Wildlife Diseases Research Network

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 348-349页

作者： Wenhua XIONG Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences office of the international Society of Zoological Sciences

The international Society of Zoological Sciences has developed a Wildlife Diseases Research Network(WDRN)in the world,with the collaboration of its partners such as the Working Group on Zoonotic Disease of the international Union of Biological Sciences(IUBS)(https://***/).WDRN is composed of a steering committee,a scientific committee,a research expert network,and collaborative partners.

关键词： partner committee IUB

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Some Thoughts and Recommendations for Stepping up Legislation in the Foreign- Related Field

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2023年第4期18卷 578-602页

作者： LIU Jingdong international Economic Law Research office Institute of International LawChinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100009China

Stepping up legislation in the foreign-related field is a foundation and prerequisite for advancing the rule of law in domestic and foreign-related affairs in a coordinated manner.It is also an important link in the promotion of the socialist legal system with the Constitution as the core,as proposed in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Since China introduced the reform and openingup policy in 1978,China's legal system in the foreign-related field has evolved from initial formulation to mature framework,and China's legislation in the foreignrelated field has maintained distinct Chinese characteristics and contemporary features.Currently,China's legislation in the foreign-related field focuses on national security and on high-level opening-up.It continuously strengthens the connection of the rule of law in domestic affairs with that in international affairs,and consistently promotes the China's legal system of extraterritorial application.Furthermore,legislation in the foreign-related field in China still has issues to address,which includethe inconclusive status of international treaties within the legal system,a relatively conservativeedomestic approach in exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction,and a limited scope of legal liability.To better respond to the need of legislation in building a human community with a shared future and to enhance China's right to international legal discourse in global governance,China needs to move faster to introduce the Law on Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China.This law shouldreflectthebasicpositions,principles,and policies that China upholds in matters of foreign relations,as highlighted in the Report to the 20th CPC National Congress.Furthermore,Chinashould continue to improve legislation in keyareas of national security and increase the preexisting punitive measures for responding to actions that harm national security both domestically and internationally.Legislation should also be strengthened to counter sanctions

关键词： Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC) legislation in foreign-related field legal system in foreign-related field rule of law in foreign-related affairs rule of law in domesticaffairs

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A Generic Workflow for the Data FAIRification Process

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 56-65页

作者： Annika Jacobsen Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Barend Mons Erik Schultes Marco Roos Mark Thompson Leiden University Medical Center Leiden2333 ZAThe Netherlands GO FAIR international Support&coordination office(GFISCO) LeidenThe Netherlands

The FAIR guiding principles aim to enhance the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources such as data,for both humans and machines.The process of making data FAIR(“FAIRification”)can be described in multiple steps.In this paper,we describe a generic step-by-step FAIRification workflow to be performed in a multidisciplinary team guided by FAIR data stewards.The FAIRification workflow should be applicable to any type of data and has been developed and used for“Bring Your Own Data”(BYOD)workshops,as well as for the FAIRification of e.g.,rare diseases resources.The steps are:1)identify the FAIRification objective,2)analyze data,3)analyze metadata,4)define semantic model for data(4a)and metadata(4b),5)make data(5a)and metadata(5b)linkable,6)host FAIR data,and 7)assess FAIR data.For each step we describe how the data are processed,what expertise is required,which procedures and tools can be used,and which FAIR principles they relate to.

关键词： FAIR data FAIRification workflow FAIR data stewardship Hands-on FAIRification FAIR dissemination

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Understand comprehensive perspectives of evolution

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 206-207页

作者： Wenhua XIONG Integrative Zoology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesChina office of the international Society of Zoological Sciences

Evolution is the key to understanding the theories of biology.Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution(Dobzhansky 1973).Beyond the traditional method of morphology,we are aware of the possibilities of new scientific discoveries to be cognizant of the development of anatomy,paleontology,computational biology,phylogenetic analysis,and molecular means.

关键词： evolution anatomy Beyond

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Managing Climate Change Risk in China's Agricultural Sector: The Potential for an Integrated Risk Management Framework

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第7期13卷 1418-1431页

作者： Kevin Z.Chen Claire Hsu international Food Policy Research Institute-Beijing office

Climate change poses a serious threat to the future food security of China, which is among the most disaster-prone countries in the world. This paper discusses the implications of climate change for China＇s agricultural sector. Its main objectives are to identify the agricultural risks associated with climate change, to introduce a conceptual framework for agricultural climate risk management and to enumerate key adaptation strategies, challenges, and recommendations.

关键词： climate change food security risk management agricultural development

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