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Measurements of Heat treatment Effects on Bovine Cortical Bones by Nanoindentation and Compression Testing

Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 105-113页

作者： Mei-ling Lau Kin-tak Lau Harry Ku Debes Bahattacharyya Yan-dong Yao centre for Advanced Composite Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre Composites Faculty of Engineering and Surveying University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Australia Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

Heat treatment of bone is one of the reliable and simple sterilization methods to overcome the risk of rejection and disease transfer from allograft and xenograft, in particular for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. However, the mechanical property of the micro-structural level after heat treatment is not well characterized. To address this issue, this study was carried out to compare the localized mechanical properties of micro-structural tissue with those at the global structural level. Nanoindentation technique has been well accepted as an accurate technique to measure mechanical property of small and heterogeneous specimen nondestructively, as well as the complex bio-material of micro-structural level, often with a resolution of better than 1 μm. In this study, nanoindentation was conducted to measure the localised elastic modulus and hardness values of bones at temperature of 23°C (room temperature – non-heated sample), 90°C and 150°C, respectively. All experiments were conducted at room temperature (~23°C). The elastic modulus (E) and nanoindentation hardenss (H) values in the longitudinal direction of bones heated at 150°C were recorded as 23.43 GPa and 0.73 GPa, respectively;as in transverse direction, the E and H values were 12.77 GPa and 0.54 GPa, respectively. It showed significant increases of 44% and 43% in the longitudinal direction as compared to those of the non heat-treated bones. In addition, E and H values in transverse direction also showed increases of 23% and 38%, respectively as compared to those of the non heat-treated bones. Furthermore, heat-treated bones at 90°C in longitudinal direction also appeared to have significant increases of 18% and 31% in E and H values, respectively. However, the E and H values in transverse direction increase only by 0.4% and 12.8%, respectively. In addition, compressive test is employed to measure the global stiffness (E) of the bone samples. When heated at 150°C, the bone specime

关键词： Bone Heat treatment Nanoindentation Mechanical Properties BSE and EDX

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A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第25期15卷 3073-3085页

作者： Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar Neda Nayebi Bagher Larijani Mohammad Abdollahi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center and Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CentreTehran University of Medical Sciences

This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of obesity in humans and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases were searched up to December 30, 2008. The search terms were ＂obesity＂ and （＇herbal medicine＂ or ＂plant＂, ＂plant medicinal＂ or ＂medicine traditional＂） without narrowing or limiting search elements. All of the human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. In vitro studies, reviews, and letters to editors were excluded. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 915 results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 77 studies were included （19 human and 58 animal studies）. Studies with Cissus quadrangularis （CQ）, Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia atroviridis, ephedra and caffeine, Slimax （extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan） showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, significant weight loss or inhibition of weight gain was found. No significant adverse effects or mortality were observed except in studies with supplements containing ephedra, caffeine and Bofutsushosan. In conclusion, compounds containing ephedra, CQr ginseng, bitter melon, and zingiber were found to be effective in the management of obesity. Attention to these natural compounds would open a new approach for novel therapeutic and more effective agents.

关键词： Animal Herbal medicine Human Obesity

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The delay, symptoms, and survival of Ivorian adolescent girls and young adults with uterine cervical cancer

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2021年第3期1卷 153-159页

作者： Edele Kacou Aka Apollinaire Horo Mohamed Fanny Abdoul Koffi Luc Olou Perel Konan Ana Toure-Ecra Mamourou Kone Universite Felix Houphou et Boigny(FHB) AbidjanBPV 34AbidjanCote d'Ivoire centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon-Abidjan Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique 21BP 632AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Objective:To generate data on the nature and duration of cervical cancer symptoms,risk factors for delayed consultation,and diagnosis of adolescent and young adult groups in Cote d'***:This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study,conducted from July 2012 to May 2018,at the Department of Gynecology of the Yopougon teaching hospital in Cote d’*** inclusion criteria were those who were under 40 years of age at the time of diagnosis with oral and written *** whose information was more than 10%insufficient for the standards were excluded from the *** survey files standardized anonymous pre-established data collected using medical records followed by phone ***:The average age of the participants was 34±4.95 years with a minimum of 21 *** mean parity per woman was 3.49±3.***.34.9%were hiv *** median patient delay was 122 days with a long delay in 84.62%of *** median time to total diagnosis was 209 days with a longer total delay in diagnosis of 87.18%.41%of patients honored their treatment,68.75%of which had received surgery,and 31.25%of which had received *** 5-year survival rate was 65%.Conclusion:The Ivorian health system must focus on primary and secondary prevention,the only guarantee to decrease the morbidity and mortality indicators linked to cervical cancer.

关键词： Uterine cervical neoplasm Adolescent Survival Delay

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Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following hiv infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第5期11卷 410-427页

作者： Philip V Nguyen Jessica K Kafka Victor H Ferreira Kristy Roth Charu Kaushic McMaster Immunology Research centre (MIRC) and Michael G.DeGroote Institute ot Intectious Dtseas Research (IIDR) Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada

The male and female reproductive tracts are complex microenvironments that have diverse functional demands. The immune system in the reproductive tract has the demanding task of providing a protective environment for a fetal allograft while simultaneously conferring protection against potential pathogens. As such, it has evolved a unique set of adaptations, primarily under the influence of sex hormones, which make it distinct from other mucosal sites. Here, we discuss the various components of the immune system that are present in both the male and female reproductive tracts, including innate soluble factors and cells and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity under homeostatic conditions. We review the evidence showing unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of immune cells and responses in the male and female reproductive tracts that exhibit compartmentalization from systemic immunity and discuss how these features are influenced by sex hormones. We also examine the interactions among the reproductive tract, sex hormones and immune responses following hiv-1 infection. An improved understanding of the unique characteristics of the male and female reproductive tracts will provide insights into improving clinical treatments of the immunological causes of infertility and the design of prophylactic interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

关键词： female reproductive tract genital immunity hiv-1 male reproductive tract mucosal immune responses sexhormones sexually transmitted infections

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Profile and determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis outcome in rural Nigeria:Implications for tuberculosis control

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World Journal of Methodology 2016年第1期6卷 118-125页

作者： Kingsley N Ukwaja Sarah N Oshi Isaac Alobu Daniel C Oshi Department of Internal Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital centre for Development and Reproductive Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Pro-gramme Ministry of Health

AIM: To determine the treatment outcomes and predictors for unsuccessful tuberculosis(TB) outcomes in rural ***: Adult rural TB patients treated during 2011 and 2012 in two healthcare facilities(one urban public and one rural private) were identified from the TB treatment registers and retrospectively reviewed. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes were assessed according to World Health Organisation guidelines. Determinants of unsuccessful treatment outcomes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression ***: Between January 2011 to December 2012, 1180 rural TB patients started treatment, of whom 494(41.9%) were female. The treatment success rate was 893(75.7%), while the rates of death, loss-tofollow-up, and treatment failure were 129(10.9%), 100(8.5%), and 18(1.5%) respectively. In the final multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of unsuccessful treatment outcome were higher among patients who received care at the urban public facility(a OR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.9-4.4), smear-negative(1.3,1.0-1.8) and extrapulmonary(2.7, 1.3-5.6) TB patients, human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) co-infected(2.1, 1.5-3.0), and patient who received the longer(8-mo) anti-TB regimen(1.3, 1.1-1.8).CONCLUSION: treatment success among rural TB patient in Nigeria is low. High risk groups should be targeted for closer monitoring, socio-economic support, and expansion of TB/hiv activities.

关键词： Tuberculosis treatment outcome Rural Health services Nigeria

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Improved ZiehI-Neelsen Microscopy： Bleach Sputum Smear Negative Specimens after Centrifugation

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第6期7卷 607-612页

作者： Sophia Wanja Matu Ernest Juma CRDR (centre for Respiratory Diseases Research) KEMRI (Kenya Medical Research Institute) P.O Box 47855-00100 NairobiKenya

Background： Direct ZN （Ziehl-Neelsen） sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of TB （tuberculosis） has low sensitivity, especially in TB/hiv co-infected patients. Sputum concentration by bleach （NaOCI） with sedimentation has been used to increase the sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy in many settings but with varying results. Objective： To determine whether bleach plus centrifugation significantly improves the detection of AFB （acid-fast bacilli） in ZN smear-negative sputum specimens. Methods： Three hundred and seventy sputum specimens were collected from new TB suspects attending a Nairobi referral district hospital and processed for direct microscopy using ZN technique and culture on Lowenstein Jensen Media. All smear-negative specimens were treated with 3.5% bleach and left to stand for 30 min before centrifugation. The bleach treated smears were processed and examined using ZN technique. Results： Of the 370 specimens, 200 （54%） were positive culture. The number of sputum samples that were smear-positive by direct ZN was 138 （37.2%）, with a sensitivity of 66%. After treatment of direct ZN smear-negative specimens with 3.5% bleach and centrifugation, the total number of AFB smear-positive samples increased to 171 with an increase in sensitivity of 66% to 81.1% （15.1%）. Conclusion： In this study, bleach with centrifugation significantly increased the yield of sputum smear microscopy. Further evaluation of these techniques in routine programmes is required especially in settings where the burden of TB/hiv is high.

关键词： Diagnosis smear-negative TB centrifugation Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy.

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Alcohol delamination of the corneal epithelium for recurrent corneal erosion syndrome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第7期11卷 1129-1131页

作者： Aine Ni Mhealoid Taylor Lukasik William Power Conor C.Murphy Education and Research centre Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Dublin D02XK51 Ireland School of Medicine RCSI School of Medicine Dublin D02VN51 Ireland Ophthalmology Department Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Dublin D02XK51 Ireland

AIM： To evaluate the outcomes of alcohol delamination（ALD） of the corneal epithelium for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome（RCES） and to implement a standardized treatment protocol for this condition utilizing evidence based practice and the findings of an internal audit. METHODS： A retrospective analysis of 42 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with RCES who were treated with ALD between January 2006 and March 2016 was conducted. Patients had 20% alcohol applied to the cornea with the use of a well for 40 s. Patients were reviewed one week later in the outpatient Department. Outcome criteria were established based on standards from other studies in the medical literature. These included, a treatment success rate of at least 72%（defined as complete resolution of symptoms one month after treatment）, a postoperative complication a rate of 〈5%（mainly infective keratitis, and subepithelial haze）, and the absence of any detrimental effect on visual acuity in ≥95% of patients. RESULTS： The mean age at the time of ALD was 41.17±13.44 y. Patients were followed for an average of 12.8±15.65 mo. The majority were female（52.5%, n=21） and the majority of eyes treated with ALD were left eyes（62.9%, n=26）. Trauma was the primary aetiology in our study population. treatment was successful in 73.8%（n=31） of eyes and in 75%（n=30） of patients. Recurrence occurred in 26.2% of eyes at a mean of 10.41±12.63 mo post treatment. CONCLUSION： ALD is an efficacious and cost-effective primary surgical intervention for RCES.

关键词： recurrent comeal erosion alcohol delaminafion corneal abrasion corneal trauma corneal dystrophy

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Investigating catastrophic health expenditure among people living with hiv and AIDS in South Western Nigeria

Health Care Science

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Health Care Science 2023年第6期2卷 370-380页

作者： Adeyinka Adeniran Omobola YOjo Florence CChieme Yeside Shogbamimu Helen OOlowofeso Imane Sidibé Oladipupo Fisher |Monsurat Adeleke Department of Community Health and Primary Healthcare Lagos State University College of MedicineLagosNigeria Department of Community Health and Primary Healthcare Lagos State University Teaching HospitalLagosNigeria Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care Faculty of Public HealthFederal Medical CentreAbeokutaNigeria Petra Global Research centre LagosNigeria Lagos State Ministry of Health LagosNigeria International Association of Providers of AIDS Care WashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Fast-Track Cities Institute WashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Lagos State AIDS Control Agency LagosNigeria

Background:This study aimed to determine the catastrophic healthcare expenditure(CHE)among people living with hiv(PLhiv)in Lagos and to identify factors associated with CHE among ***:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted between January and March 2021 among 578 PLhivs drawn from various healthcare facilities in Lagos where hiv care and treatment services should be provided free of *** were collected through pretested questionnaires and analyzed using Stata SE ***:The mean monthly expenditure on food was N29,282($53.2),while expenditure on healthcare averaged N8364($15.2).Nearly 60%of respondents experienced CHE,while around 30%had to borrow money to pay for some aspect of their medical *** all(96%)had no health insurance ***'group,personal income,perception of current health status,and the number of people in their households were significantly associated with catastrophic health expenditure phiv in accessing healthcare,and the need for policies to increase financial risk protection.

关键词： CHE financial burden hiv care PLhiv Lagos State Nigeria

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Islet transplantation and antioxidant management: A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第10期15卷 1153-1161页

作者： Seyed Sajad Mohseni Salehi Monfared Bagher Larijani Mohammad Abdollahi Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran *** Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran *** Iran

Islet transplantation as a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes has received widespread attention. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in cell injury during islet isolation and transplantation procedures. Antioxidants have been used in various studies to improve islet transplantation procedures. The present study reviews the role of oxidative stress and the benefits of antioxidants in islet transplantation procedures. The bibliographical databases Pubmed and Scopus were searched up to November 2008. All relevant human and animal in-vivo and in-vitro studies, which investigated antioxidants on islets, were included. Almost all the tested antioxidants used in the in-vitro studies enhanced islet viability and insulin secretion. Better control of blood glucose after transplantation was the major outcome of antioxidant therapy in all in-vivo studies. The data also indicated that antioxidants improved islet transplantation procedures. Although there is still insuffi cient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of individual supplements, the benefi ts of antioxidants in islet isolation procedures cannot be ignored.

关键词： Antioxidant Diabetes Free radical Islet Transplant

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Acute Malnutrition and Infection with the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (hiv) in Children Followed up at the Pediatrics University Hospital Charles de Gaulle: Evolution of Anthropometric Parameters on Antiretroviral treatment

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期6卷 34-41页

作者： Aïssata Kaboré Sylvie Armelle P. Ouédraogo Lassina Dao Fla Koueta Diarra Yé Service de Pédiatrie Médicale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles De Gaulle de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso, a country with very scarce resources, undertook to fight against hiv infection. In 2013, according to UNAIDS, 110,000 persons were living in this country with hiv infection. 18,000 children among these persons were under 15. We conducted a retrospective study from January 2003 to December 2012 at the Pediatrics University Hospital Charles De Gaulle, Ouagadougou (CHUP CDG), Burkina Faso. The study aimed at assessing the children’s ponderal growth when under antiretroviral treatment. The children who were under 15 and who had been on antiretroviral treatment for at least 5 years were included in the study. Acute malnutrition concerned children whose height/weight ratio (H/W) was lower at -2 width type (or Z score) of the median of reference regarding age according to WHO. Two categories of malnutrition were outstanding in our study: moderate acute malnutrition, (-3 Z-score ≤ H/W -2 Z-score) and severe acute malnutrition (W/H -3 Z-score). The clinical and paraclinical data recorded during previous consultations were extracted from the ESOPE (Monitoring and follow-up of patients) data basis and exported to the ENA software and SPSS for their analysis. In total, 210 out of 529 children’s cases were considered. These children’s average age was 6.9 years. There were 55.7% of male and 44.3% of female children. hiv1 was found in 97.6% of the children against 2.4% for hiv2. In a 5 year follow-up, 46 among the children, namely 20.4% were on a second line protocol of antiretroviral treatment and 164 among them were still on a first line protocol of antiretroviral treatment. When they were admitted at hospital, 38% of the children showed characteristics of acute malnutrition. 17.8% of these children presented characteristics of severe form of acute malnutrition. During this 5-year follow-up, the average of the W/H index of the children gradually rised from -1.62 Z-score when being admitted to -0.18 Z-score at after a 60-month antiretroviral treatment. Our study sho

关键词： Acute Malnutrition hiv-Infected Children Antiretroviral treatment Burkina Faso

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