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Spatial epidemiology of diabetes: Methods and insights

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第7期12卷 1042-1056页

作者： Diego F Cuadros Jingjing Li Godfrey Musuka Susanne F Awad Geography and Geographic Information Systems University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221United States Urban Health Collaborative Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States ICAP Columbia UniversityHarare 00000Zimbabwe Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell UniversityDoha 24144Qatar World Health Organization Collaborating centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on hiv/AIDS Sexually Transmitted Infectionsand Viral HepatitisWeill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell UniversityDoha 24144Qatar Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10044United States

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a growing epidemic with global *** is estimated that in 2019,463 million adults aged 20-79 years were living with *** latest evidence shows that DM continues to be a significant global health challenge and is likely to continue to grow substantially in the next decades,which would have major implications for healthcare expenditures,particularly in developing ***,new conceptual and methodological approaches to tackle the epidemic are long *** epidemiology has been a successful approach to control infectious disease epidemics like malaria and human immunodeficiency *** implementation of this approach has been expanded to include the study of non-communicable diseases like cancer and cardiovascular *** this review,we discussed the implementation and use of spatial epidemiology and Geographic Information Systems to the study of *** reviewed several spatial methods used to understand the spatial structure of the disease and identify the potential geographical drivers of the spatial distribution of ***,we discussed the use of spatial epidemiology on the design and implementation of geographically targeted prevention and treatment interventions against DM.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Spatial epidemiology Risk factors Spatial statistics Disease mapping

A co-interaction model of hiv and syphilis infection among gay,bisexual and other men who have sex with men

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 855-870页

作者： Jummy Funke David Viviane Dias Lima Jielin Zhu Fred Brauer Department of Mathematics University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada British Columbia centre for Excellence in hiv/AIDS St.Paul’s HospitalVancouverBCV6Z 1Y6Canada Department of Interdisciplinary Studies University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z3Canada

We developed a mathematical model to study the co-interaction of hiv and syphilis infection among gay,bisexual and other men who have sex with men(gbMSM).We qualitatively analysed the model and established necessary conditions under which disease-free and endemic equilibria are asymptotically *** gave analytical expressions for the reproduction number,and showed that whenever the reproduction numbers of sub-models and co-interaction model are less than unity,the epidemics die out,while epidemics persist when they are greater than *** presented numerical simulations of the full model and showed qualitative changes of the dynamics of the full model to changes in the transmission *** numerical simulations using a set of reasonable parameter values showed that:(a)both diseases die out or co-exist whenever their reproduction number is less than or exceed unity.(b)hiv infection impacts syphilis prevalence negatively and vice versa.(c)one possibility of lowering the co-infection of hiv and syphilis among gbMSM is to increase both testing and treatment rates for syphilis and hiv infection,and decrease the rate at which hiv infected individuals go off treatment.

关键词： hiv Syphilis Mathematical model gbMSM Reproduction number Testing and treatment Stability

The potential impact of a“curative intervention”for hiv:a modelling study

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Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 236-243页

作者： Leo Beacroft Timothy B.Hallett MRC centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK

Abstract Background:Efforts to develop an hiv“cure”(i.e.,an intervention leading to durable ART-free remission or eradication of hiv infection)have become better resourced and coordinated in recent ***,however,the availability of other interventions for prevention and treatment of hiv disease,it is unclear whether,to what extent,and under which circumstances a curative intervention would have an impact in ending the AIDS epidemic and which characteristics of its implementation would be most *** designed a range of analyses to investigate these ***:We used a deterministic,compartmental model of hiv infection in South Africa to estimate the impact of a curative *** first examined how its impact would be affected by the state of the epidemic at the time that it is introduced,by the timing and pace of scale-up,and by various targeting *** then investigated the impact of a curative intervention relative to its ability to maintain viral ***:To the extent that other interventions have failed to control the epidemic,i.e.,if incidence and AIDS deaths remain high,a curative intervention would result in a larger reduction in *** and faster scale-up allows for greater *** also found that a curative intervention would more efficiently reduce transmission if it is prioritised to those not able to obtain or remain on ART and to those aged 15-25 rather than older *** the other hand,an intervention that does not maintain viral suppression if the individual is exposed to re-infection could lead to an increase in hiv ***:Our findings suggest that a curative intervention for hiv would have the greatest impact if the epidemic is not under control by 2030,particularly if the intervention is targeted to those who are more likely to transmit virus,and if it maintained durable viral suppression,even upon exposure to *** considerations underscore the need to carefu

关键词： hiv epidemiology Cure Mathematical modelling hiv prevention strategies

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-Associated Diarrhea: A Protocol for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第4期6卷 370-376页

作者： Bai-Lin Chen Ming-Zhu Zhang Zi-Wei Huang Hong-Rui Zhang Chang Xu Jing Li Zhen-Wei Liu Feng Jiang Xun Li Nicola Robinson Jian-Ping Liu Department of traditional Chinese Medicine First School of Clinical MedicineBeijing University of Chinese Medicine centre for Evidence‑Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing AIDS centre Ruikang HospitalGuangxi UniversityGuangxiChina London South Bank University UK

Diarrhea can occur at an early or advanced stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)as a usual symptom in people with human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)*** it is usually not fatal,it can influence patients’quality of life *** has shown to be efficacious and improves people’s immune status to a certain extent to treat hiv/AIDS-related diarrhea on the basis of syndrome differentiation and treatment or Chinese herbs plus conventional ***,it may have a good application ***,we outline a protocol for the systematic review of this health-care intervention,with the aim to evaluate the beneficial effects and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for patients who suffer from hiv/AIDS-associated *** controlled trials that compare Chinese herbs with placebo or other effective treatments will be searched and included,in spite of publication status or *** primary outcomes include diarrhea frequency and fecal *** databases we will search as follows:China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino Med),Wanfang Data,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Pub Med and the CENTRAL in Cochrane *** authors will respectively conduct the screening of trials,data extraction,and use the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the methodological *** will analyze the data and perform a meta-analysis if *** intend to identify potential therapeutic modalities that may be of benefit to inform clinical practice by supplying existing evidence of the helpful effects and safety of TCM to treat patients suffering from hiv/AIDS-associated diarrhea.

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated diarrhea meta-analysis protocol systematic review

SATURATION EFFECTS FOR CTL MEDIATED CONTROL OF hiv-1 INFECTION： A MATHEMATICAL STUDY

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2013年第3期6卷 33-51页

作者： PRITI KUMAR ROY SONIA CHOWDHURY XUE-ZHI LI centre for Mathematical Biology and EcologyDepartment of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India Department of Mathematics Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000 P. R. China

The relations between the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 （hiv-1） and the human immune system are astonishingly multifaceted, where the critical role for cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） in the suppression of viral replication in hiv-1 infected individuals cannot be ignored. In this research paper, we have proposed a mathematical model incorporating half saturation constant through the CTL mediated killing process and also in that sense, it has been infiltrated in the generation process of CTL through infected cells. To make the model more realistic, a time lag is introduced in the generation term of CTL population. Also an optimal control theory paradigm is used in our mathematical model to suppress the viral production. From our entire analysis, we have found threshold condition of half saturation constant and treatment schedule so that we can handle the situation of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome （AIDS） patients in a better way. Our analysis reveals that, if the half saturation constant is around 47 mm^-3 in the saturation process and the drug therapy is to be used around 76 days, then we can get adequate results for better treatment of a hiv-1 patient. Based on numerical results, we observed that in a highly unstable situation, administration of chemotherapy at a high dose can stabilize the system.

关键词： CD4^+T cells hiv-1 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) highly active antiretroviral therapy optimal control.

Medication beliefs predict medication adherence in ambulatory patients with decompensated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7321-7331页

作者： Kelly L Hayward Patricia C Valery Jennifer H Martin Antara Karmakar Preya J Patel Leigh U Horsfall Caroline J Tallis Katherine A Stuart Penny L Wright David D Smith Katharine M Irvine Elizabeth E Powell W Neil Cottrell Pharmacy Department Princess Al-exandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Cancer and Chronic Disease Research Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle The centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Statistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland

AIM To investigate the impact of medication beliefs, illness perceptions and quality of life on medication adherence in people with decompensated *** One hundred adults with decompensated cirrhosis completed a structured questionnaire when they attended for routine outpatient hepatology review. Measures of self-reported medication adherence(Morisky Medication Adherence Scale), beliefs surrounding medications(Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire), perceptions of illness and medicines(Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), and quality of life(Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire) were examined. Clinical data were obtained via patient history and review of medical records. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and stepwise backwards regression techniques were used to construct the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at alpha = *** Medication adherence was " High " in 42 % o f participants, "Medium" in 37%, and "Low" in 21%. Compared to patients with "High" adherence, those with "Medium" or "Low" adherence were more likely to report difficulty affording their medications(P treatment helpfulness(P = 0.003) and stronger medication concerns relative to medication necessity beliefs(P = 0.003). People with "Low" adherence also experienced greater symptom burden and poorer quality of life, including more frequent abdominal pain(P = 0.023), shortness of breath(P = 0.030), and emotional disturbances(P = 0.050). Multivariable analysis identified having stronger medication concerns relative to necessity beliefs(Necessity-Concerns Differential ≤ 5, OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.18-11.40) and more frequent shortness of breath(shortness of breath score ≤ 3, OR = 3.87,95%CI: 1.22-12.25) as independent predictors of "Low"*** The association between "Low" adherence and patients having strong concerns or doubting the necessity or helpfulness of their medications should be explor

关键词： Medication adherence Medication beliefs Illness perceptions Quality of life Liver cirrhosis

Management of rectal foreign bodies: Description of a new technique and clinical practice guidelines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第27期14卷 4403-4406页

作者： Jan J Koornstra Rinse K Weersma Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen

A number of techniques have been described to remove rectal foreign bodies. In this report, a novel endoscopic technique using a pneumatic dilatation balloon normally used in achalasia patients is presented. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed for non-operative methods to remove foreign bodies from the rectum. These results are summarised, presented as a practical at-a- glance overview and a flow chart is offered to guide the clinician in treatment decisions. The design of the flow chart was based on the aims to treat the patient preferably on an outpatient basis with minimally invasive techniques and if possible under conscious sedation rather than general anaesthesia.

关键词： Foreign body Rectum Rectal Removal Review

Therapeutic Itinerary of Patients Living with Viral Hepatitis B and C in Guinea

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第10期12卷 299-306页

作者： Diallo Kadiatou Barry Fatoumata Diaraye Diallo Thierno Saidou Diallo Djenabou Sow Ousmane Diallo Mamadou Sarifou Sylla Mariétou Salifou Sylla Djibril Leno Niouma Nestor Diallo Alpha Amadou Sank Tounkara Thierno Mamadou Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Department of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology National Hospital Donka Conakry Guinea National Programme for the Fight against hiv and Viral Hepatitis Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene Conakry Guinea Inter-Army Medical and Surgical centre Conakry Guinea Department of Dermatology-MST National Hospital Donka Conakry Guinea

Introduction: The therapeutic pathway affects the patient who changes care facilities. This change is linked to factors such as financial means, geographical accessibility of care facilities, quality of care and the socio-cultural perception of the patient. In countries with limited resources such as Guinea, the therapeutic itinerary remains multiple and hampered by obstacles. The objective of this study was to describe the therapeutic itinerary of patients living with hepatitis B and C at the Donka National Hospital. Material and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study lasting 43 months (24 January 2017 - 27 August 2020);it focused on patients living with hepatitis B or C or viral cirrhosis. We collected sociodemographic, clinical and treatment history variables. The data were analysed with SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Out of 5400 patients, the proportion of viral hepatitis B or C represented 393 patients (7.3%). The mean age of our patients was 35 ± 10 years, with extremes of 16 - 77 years. The sex ratio was 2.5. Three hundred and forty-two patients (87%) had recourse to modern medicine, mostly in private facilities (50.6%). One hundred and twenty-five patients (31.8%) had received previous treatment, half of whom (57.6%) had received inappropriate treatment. The delay in treatment was long in 45% of cases. The main reasons for delaying treatment were feeling unwell in 33.3%;not knowing to consult a specialist in 29.9% and feeling that they were being treated with useful drugs in 24.3%. Conclusion: The lack of training of general practitioners on the management of viral hepatitis and the scarcity of awareness campaigns on viral hepatitis contributed to the inadequacy of the management.

关键词： Therapeutic Itinerary Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Guinea

3D laparoscopic-assisted vs open gastrectomy for carcinoma in the remnant stomach: A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第8期14卷 754-764页

作者： Di Wu Qi-Ying Song Xiong-Guang Li Tian-Yu Xie Yi-Xun Lu Ben-Long Zhang Shuo Li Xin-Xin Wang Medical School of Chinese PLA Beijing 100853China Department of General Surgery The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional(3D) laparoscopic technique has gradually been applied to the treatment of carcinoma in the remnant stomach(CRS), but its clinical efficacy remains *** To compare the short-term and long-term results of 3D laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy(3DLAG) with open gastrectomy(OG) for *** The clinical data of patients diagnosed with CRS and admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected. A total of 84 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All their clinical data were collected and a database was established. All patients were treated with 3DLAG or OG by experienced surgeons and were divided into two groups based on the different surgical methods mentioned above. By using outpatient and telephone follow-up,we were able to determine postoperative survival and tumor status. The postoperative short-term efficacy and 1-year and 3-year overall survival(OS) rates were compared between the two *** Among 84 patients with CRS, 48 were treated with OG and 36 with 3DLAG. All patients successfully completed surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, ASA score,initial disease state(benign or malignant), primary surgical anastomosis method,interval time of carcinogenesis, and tumorigenesis site. Patients in the 3DLAG group experienced less intraoperative blood loss(188.33 ± 191.35 mL vs 305.83 ± 303.66 mL;P =0.045) and smaller incision(10.86 ± 3.18 cm vs 20.06 ± 5.17 cm;P < 0.001) than those in the OG group. 3DLAGC was a more minimally invasive method. 3DLAGC retrieved significantly more lymph nodes than OG(14.0 ± 7.17 vs 10.73 ± 6.82;P = 0.036), whereas the number of positive lymph nodes did not differ between the two groups(1.56 ± 2.84 vs 2.35 ± 5.28;P = 0.413). The complication rate(8.3% vs 20.8%;P = 0.207) and intensive care unit admission rate

关键词： Carcinoma in the remnant stomach Remnant gastric cancer 3D laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy Open gastrectomy Safe Effective