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Emergency Care for Children and Adolescents after Sexual Violence, in Brazil’s Capital, Brasilia

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 397-403页

作者： Evaldo Lima Da Costa Karla Simônia de Pádua Aníbal Faúndes Rui Nunes Bioethics at the School of Medicine University of Porto/Federal Council of Medicine Porto Portugal Center for Research in Women’ s Reproductive Health (CEMICAMP) Center for Integral Attention to Women (CAISM) State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Center for Research in Women’ s Reproductive Health (CEMICAMP) State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil. The centre of Bioethics Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Objective: Sexual violence affects women of all ages but, more commonly, children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify the extent to which services are being provided at the hospitals responsible for the emergency care of children and adolescents who have suffered sexual violence and to determine whether there is any difference in the provision of such services as a function of the victim’s age. Method: This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the care received by female children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence in a capital city, comparing the treatment given to girls under 15 with that given to adolescents of 15 to 19 years of age. The data were extracted from the State Department of Health database between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2016. Results: Children under 15 were much less likely to receive prophylaxis against hiv, sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis B, with the number of adolescent girls treated adequately corresponding to between twice and almost three times the number of children treated prophylactically. Only 10% of girls under 15 received emergency contraception. Conclusion: The lack of standard care established by the Ministry of Health highlights the need for urgent debates both locally and probably throughout the country, as the situation may be similar in other regions of the country.

关键词： Aggressors Children Sexual Violence Teenagers

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Immunovirological Discordance and Associated Factors among People Living with hiv under Antiretroviral Treatment at Hôpital de Jour de Donka, Guinea

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 93-104页

作者： Mariama Sadjo Diallo Djiba Kaba Charles Tchibinda Delicat Issiaga Diallo Boh Fanta Diane Doufin Traore Ousmane Niabaly Oumar Mouctar Diallo Ouo-Ouo Yaramon Kolie Aly Patrice Kamano Pascal Koivogui Ahmed Sékou Keita Mohamed Macire Soumah Thierno Mamadou Tounkara Mohamed Cisse Facult des Sciences et Techniques de la Sant Universit Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guine Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire Nestor Bangoura/Helene Labrousse Hpital de Jour Donka CHU Donka Conakry Guine centre dExcellence Africain Pour la Prvention et le Contrle des Maladies Transmissibles Conakry Guine Service de Dermatologie-Vnrologie CHU Donka Conakry Guine

The antiretroviral treatment (ART) has significantly reduced the number of new hiv/AIDS infections and related deaths. However, cases of immunovirological discordance (IVD) are found in various locations. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of People living with hiv (PLhiv) with IVD and to identify associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the records of PLhiv under ART for at least 6 months, followed at Hpital de Jour Donka from 2015 to 2017, and having both viral load (CV) and CD4 T-cell count. Prevalence of IVD was 34.57%, with 23.87% for immunological discordance (ID) and 10.7% for virological discordance (VD). Females were predominant (66.26%), and male gender influenced IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) and was associated with VD (p = 0.007). The average age was 38.77 11.30 years. PLhiv were classified at WHO stages 3 and 4 (86.01%). The median initial haemoglobin level was 11.5 g/L [3.2 - 12]. The mean initial CD4 T-cell count was 272.84 cells/mm3 201.6. The median initial viral load (VL) was 147,337 copies/mL [1092 - 31,675,000]. The initial CD4 T-cell count 3 was associated with IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0009) and correlated with ID (p = 0.000). Prurigo was associated with IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). Cerebral toxoplasmosis was not associated with IVD but was associated with ID (p = 0.04). This study allowed us to describe the profile of PLhiv with IVD. The main associated factors were male gender, initial CD4 T-cell count 3, toxoplasmosis, prurigo, and herpes zoster.

关键词： hiv Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Immunovirological Discordance Donka Guinea

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Adverse drug reactions of first-line antitubercular drugs:A retrospective study on characteristics,management,factors,and impacts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第10期17卷 456-464页

作者： Ai Ling Oh Mohd Makmor-Bakry Farida Islahudin Chuo Yew Ting Swee Kim Chan Siew Teck Tie centre of Quality Management of Medicines Faculty of PharmacyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Pharmacy Sarawak General HospitalMinistry of Health MalaysiaKuchingSarawakMalaysia Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas AirlanggaSurabayaIndonesia Department of Sarawak State Health Ministry of Health MalaysiaKuchingSarawakMalaysia Division of Respiratory Medicine Department of Internal MedicineSarawak General HospitalMinistry of Health MalaysiaKuchingSarawakMalaysia

Objective:To elucidate the characteristics,management strategies,risk factors,and clinical impacts associated with adverse drug reactions(ADRs)induced by first-line antitubercular drugs to enhance tuberculosis(TB)***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted by retrieving drug-susceptible TB records among adult patients who received TB treatment from 2018 to 2021 at 10 public health clinics in Sarawak,*** the initial TB treatment and occurrence of specific ADRs within the study period were *** analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with both overall ADRs and individual types of ***:Among 2953 cases,705(23.9%)developed *** reactions were the most prevalent(47.1%),followed by hepatotoxicity(32.8%)and gastrointestinal disturbances(29.8%).Six out of seven types of ADRs investigated occurred within the intensive phase,mostly manifesting at approximately 2 weeks of *** resulted in the majority(85.3%)of treatment discontinuations,while vision problems led to treatment modifications in half of the *** factors for all ADRs included age≥60 years,females,illicit drug use,and comorbidities such as hiv-positive,diabetes,and chronic liver *** consumption was independently associated with *** caused around one-third of interruptions exceeding 2 weeks(33.0%)and subsequently necessitated treatment restarts(34.5%).Conclusions:Understanding these various aspects contributes to improving the overall management of ADRs in TB *** ADR monitoring and reporting are essential to strengthen ADR management.

关键词： Adverse events Cutaneous reactions Hepatotoxicity Gastrointestinal disturbances Risk factors Tuberculosis

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Molecular dynamics simulations exploring drug resistance in hiv-1 proteases

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2677-2683页

作者： GU Hui CHEN HaiFeng WEI DongQing WANG JingFang College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Shanghai centre for Systems Biomedicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Shanghai centre for Bioinformation Technology Shanghai 200035 China

Although hiv-1 subtype B still dominates the epidemic AIDS in developed countries,an increasing number of people in developing countries are suffering from an epidemic of non-subtype B *** is worse,the efficacy of the combinational use of antiretroviral drugs is gradually compromised by the rapid development of drug *** gain an insight into drug resistance, 10-ns MD simulations were simultaneously conducted on the complexes of the TL-3 inhibitor with 4 different proteases(Bwt,Bmut, Fwt and Fmut),among which the complex of the Bwt protease with the TL-3 inhibitor was treated as the control *** analyses of MD data indicated that the drug resistance of Bmut against TL-3 mainly derived from loss of an important hydrogen bond and that of Fwt was caused by the decrease of hydrophobic interactions in S1/S1'pocket,while both of the two reasons mentioned above were the cause of the Fmut protease's *** results are in good agreement with the previous experiments, revealing a possible mechanism of drug resistance for the aforementioned protease subtypes against the TL-3 ***,another indication was obtained that the mutations of M36I,V82A and L90M may induce structural transforms so as to alter the inhibitor's binding mode.

关键词：蛋白酶抑制剂分子动力学模拟耐药性 hiv 艾滋病毒 MD模拟逆转录病毒发达国家

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Viral Hepatitis B and C Detection among Ebola Survivors and Health Care Workers in Makeni, Sierra Leone

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第10期8卷 18-32页

作者： Nadege Goumkwa Mafopa Marta Giovanetti Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum Antonella Minutolo Claude Kwe Yinda Gianluca Russo Béatrice Dambaya Georges Teto Georgia Ambada Patrick Turay Judith Torimiro Alexis Ndjolo Vittorio Colizzi Carla Montesano Chantal BIYA International Reference centre for Research on hiv/AIDS Prevention and Management Yaoundé Cameroon University of Roma “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy National Institute of Health-ISS Rome Italy University of Makeni Sierra Leone National Institute of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program (IRP) Hamilton Montana USA University di Roma “Sapienza” Rome Italy Chantal BIYA International Reference centre for Research on hiv/AIDS Prevention and Management University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Holy Spirit Hospital Makeni Sierra Leone Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Viral hepatitis B and C infections are among the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lack of knowledge and awareness in the general population as in health care settings may enhance the propagation of these diseases. We aimed at determining the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Ebola survivors and health care workers (HCWs) of the Makeni town in Sierra Leone. We conducted a cross-sectional study during the last 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in Makeni among Ebola survivors (N = 68) and 81 Health care workers from Holy Spirit hospital and Loreto clinic, two health care facilities in Makeni district. Serological markers of HBV (HBs Ag, anti-HBs Ab and anti-HBc Ab) and anti-HCV antibodies detection were done using ELISA techniques. The positive detection rates for HBs Ag, anti-HBs Ab and anti-HBc antibodies in Ebola survivors were 23.53% (16/68), 32.35% (22/68) and 88.89% (16/18) respectively. Survivors with a current HBV infection had a positive rate of 38.89% (7/18) and 16.66% (3/18) of them were considered immune due to past HBV infection. HCV prevalence was 26.47% (18/68) and about 10.29% (7/68) were HBV/HCV co-infected. The positive detection rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs Ab and anti-HBc Ab were 37.07% (30/81), 33.33% (27/81) and 30.86% (25/81) respectively in health care workers. We observed that 4.94% (4/81) of the HCWs were currently infected with HBV. Participants considered as immune due to past infection represented 23.47% (19/81) and those immune due to vaccination represented 2.47% (2/81). The prevalence of HCV infection among health staff was 2.47% (2/81) with 1.23% (1/81) being HBV/HCV co-infection. Our findings showed that viral hepatitis infection is a burden for Sierra Leone government. There is an urgent need to develop and implement strategies that could improve population immunization against HBV and vulgarization of HCV treatment programs.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis B and C Ebola Survivors Health Care Workers

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宫颈癌与人类乳头状瘤病毒及其疫苗广泛开展疫苗免疫接种前我们还需要更多信息

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英国医学杂志中文版 2006年第1期9卷 9-11页

作者： Catherine M Lowndes O Noel Gill 关印 hiv and STI Department Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections London NW9 5EQconsultant scientist (epidemiology) hiv and STI Department Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections London NW9 5EQ

人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌主要高危因素之一,在10月初一项针对HPV感染疫苗的试验取得了令人鼓舞的结果。目前几种HPV疫苗的大规模、多中心、多国家参与的试验正在进行之中。观察终点指标包括经过2－3年随访观察到的暂时和持久... 详细信息

人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌主要高危因素之一,在10月初一项针对HPV感染疫苗的试验取得了令人鼓舞的结果。目前几种HPV疫苗的大规模、多中心、多国家参与的试验正在进行之中。观察终点指标包括经过2－3年随访观察到的暂时和持久性HPV感染情况以及经过2－3年和4－5年随访观察到的相关癌前细胞学和组织学病变情况,如宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)。世界卫生组织期望在2006年这些疫苗中至少有一种能获准使用。这些已获得的试验结果应用前景如何?还有什么问题需要解决?现在是加速准备提供HPV疫苗治疗计划的适当时间么?[第一段]

关键词：人类乳头状瘤病毒 HPV疫苗宫颈癌免疫接种前 HPV感染宫颈上皮内瘤变信息世界卫生组织随访观察高危因素

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sharing of Human Immunodeficiency Seropositivity Status among Serodiscordant Couples in the City of Parakou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Djossou Sègnon Eurydice Elvire Damien Georgia Barikissou Meba Bio Mamatou Tokpanoude Ignace Ahanhanzo-Glele Rhonel Ataigba Iretinethania Elie Agossoukpe Benoit Kakpo-Zannou Rodrigue Kamoutchoni Corneille Aguemon Badirou Unité de santé publique de la Faculté des Sciences de la santé (FSS) Universitéd’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Bénin Association des Médecins Communautaires de Bénin (AMCB) Parakou Bénin Association Béninoise pour la Promotion de la Famille (ABPF) Parakou Bénin centre d’Information de Prospective d’Ecoute et de Conseil sur les IST/VIH/Sida du Borgou et de l’Alibori (CIPEC/B-A) Parakou Bénin Institut de Formation enSoinsInfirmiers et Obstétricaux (IFSIO) Faculté de Médecine (FMP) Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre HospitalierUniversitaireDépartemental du BorgouAlibori (CHUD/B-A) Parakou Bénin Service de Médecine Interne H&#244pital Saint-Jean de Dieu de Boko N’Dali Bénin

Introduction: In serodiscordant couples, sharing serostatus is a crucial step in the hiv risk management process. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with serostatus sharing among hiv serodiscordant couples in the city of Parakou. Setting and methods: This study was carried out in the city of Parakou, capital of northern Benin. It was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study with non-probability sampling for convenience. Socio-demographic data, as well as data on antecedents, behaviours, social and marital life, were collected using a questionnaire gave to the participants. Clinical and therapeutic data were collected from patients’ medical records and follow-up charts. Data were analyzed and processed using R 4.3.1 software. The significance level was set at 5%, and logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors of shared serostatus among serodiscordant couples in the city of Parakou in 2022. Results: A total of 299 participants in long-term serodiscordant relationships were included in our study. The average age of the subjects was 37.55 ± 10.25 years. Women were the infected partner in 80.27% of cases. The most common level of education was secondary (33.45%). Most respondents (230 subjects, 76.92%) were married. The average duration of the couple’s relationship was 121.68 months ± 96.32. The most frequent screening circumstances were: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) (50.84%) and hospital screening (26.09%). The infected partner shared his or her serostatus with his or her spouse in 47.83% of cases. Potential predictors of serostatus sharing within the couple were: marital status (p Conclusion: The sharing of serostatus within serodiscordant couples needs to be managed in a way that takes into account the social and marital characteristics of the couple.

关键词： Serodiscordance Sharing of Serostatus hiv Partner Benin

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Protocol for a Respondent-Driven Sampling Study Exploring the Roles of Peer Norms in hiv-Related Practices of Gay Men

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 320-326页

作者： Iryna Zablotska John de Wit Graham Brown Bruce Maycock Christopher Fairley Michelle McKechnie Garrett Prestage Curtin University Bentley Australia Melbourne School of Population Health University of Melbourne and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Melbourne Australia National centre in hiv Social Research University of New South Wales Paddington Australia The Australian Research centre in Sex Health and Society La Trobe University Melbourne Australia Curtin University Bentley Australia The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Paddington Australia The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Paddington Australia The Australian Research centre in Sex Health and Society La Trobe University Melbourne Australia

Introduction: Sexual behaviour among gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM) is influenced by the shared understanding of hiv/STI risk and peer norms regarding sexual behaviour. However, there is little research evidence to support this relationship. The unique geographic spread of Australian communities, the history of Australian hiv epidemic and the different patterns in risky sexual practices and hiv diagnoses across Australia present an opportunity to explore the role of social norms and GMSM behaviours in shaping different patterns of hiv epidemics. We describe the protocol of the study of contemporary norms in networks and communities of GMSM (CONNECT) which investigates gay community behavioural norms and practices. Methods: CONNECT is aimed to 1) identify the patterns of connections between individuals in GMSM communities and assess how they shape hiv-related behaviours;2) describe the relationship between social norms and sexual practices;and 3) compare the norms and patterns of behaviour in geographically and epidemiologically distinct GMSM populations in three Australian states New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia, in order to identify local community norms and barriers to effective hiv prevention. This quantitative cross-sectional study uses respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for recruitment. Results: Analyses will be carried out on individual and community level and will investigate the relationship between community-level behavioural norms and associated practices of individuals. Conclusion: CONNECT is anticipated to inform hiv prevention services to better target and increase the effectiveness of the current health promotion for GMSM in the context of increasing hiv/STI incidence.

关键词： hiv GMSM Networks Behaviour Community Norms

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Primary synovial sarcoma of pericardium: A case report

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011年第7期10卷 428-429页

作者： Rangreze Imran Banday Manzoor Ahmad Sheikh Aejaz Aziz Bhat Salma Mohammad Latif Charoo Department of Medical Oncology SKIMS Srinagar India Department of Pathology SKIMS Srinagar India hiv centre SKIMS Srinagar India

Primary pericardial sarcomas are extremely rare. We report a case of 19 year old male who presented with cough, dyspnoea, and orthopnea. Investigations and exploratory thoracotomy revealed a large pericardial mass. Surgical debulking of the tumor was performed and the histopathological examination was compatible with synovial sarcoma. The tumor was unresectable due to its invasion and adhesion to mediastinal structures. Hence patient was started on palliative chemotherapy (adriamycin and ifosfamide based). Patient showed an initial symptomatic response but later on there was a clinical progres-sion and died within six months of his diagnosis.

关键词： synovial sarcoma pericardium MRI

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Drug resistance in the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

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Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 239-249页

作者： REBECCA L DUNNE,LINDA A DUNN,PETER UPCROFT,PETERJO’DONOGHUE,JACQUELINE A UPCROFT The Queensland Institute of Medical Research The Australian centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia Tie School of Molecular and Microbial Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical Research The Australian centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical Research The Australian centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia The School of Molecular and Microbial Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical Research The Australian centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia

Trichomoniasis is the most common, sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginitis and infections have been associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased infant mortality, as well as predisposing to hiv/AIDS and cervical cancer. Trichomoniasis has the highest prevalence and incidence of any sexually transmitted infection. The 5-nitroimidazole drugs, of which metronidazole is the most prescribed, are the only approved, effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazole is frequently reported and cross resistance among the family of 5-nitroimidazole drugs is common, leaving no alternative for treatment, with some cases remaining unresolved. The mechanism of metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis from treatment failures is not well understood, unlike resistance which is developed in the laboratory under increasing metronidazole pressure. In the latter situation, hydrogenosomal fu

关键词： Trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase ferredoxin hydrogenase drug resistance.

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