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Current controversies and advances in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 472-494页

作者： Muhammad Shehroz Zeeshan Zeeshan Ramzan Gastrointestinal Section Department of MedicineTexas Health Harris Methodist HospitalFort WorthTX 76104United States

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a mortality rate that has not significantly improved over *** is likely due to several challenges unique to pancreatic *** patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed at a late stage of disease due to the lack of specific symptoms prompting an early investigation.A small subset of patients who are diagnosed at an early stage have a better chance at survival with curative surgical resection,but most patients still succumb to the disease in a few *** dismal overall prognosis is due to suspected micro-metastasis at an early *** to this reason,there is a recent interest in treating all patients with pancreatic cancers with systemic therapy upfront(including the ones that are surgically resectable).This approach is still not the standard of care due to the lack of robust prospective data *** advancements in treatment regimens of chemotherapy,radiation and immunotherapy have improved the overall short-term survival but the long-term survival still remains *** approaches in diagnosis and treatment have shown promise in clinical studies but long-term clinical data is *** following manuscript presents an overview of the epidemiology,diagnosis,staging,recent advances,novel approaches and controversies in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Advances in management Imaging Novel approaches Chemotherapy Controversies

Does city lockdown prevent the spread of COVID-19?New evidence from the synthetic control method

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 294-307页

作者： Xiaoxuan Yang harris School of Public Policy University of ChicagoIL 60637 ChicagoUSA

Background:At 10 *** January 23,2020 Wuhan,China imposed a 76-day travel lockdown on its 11 million residents in order to stop the spread of *** lockdown represented the largest quarantine in the history of public health and provides us with an opportunity to critically examine the relationship between a city lockdown on human mobility and controlling the spread of a viral epidemic,in this case *** study aims to assess the causal impact of the Wuhan lockdown on population movement and the increase of newly confirmed COVID-19 ***:Based on the daily panel data from 279 Chinese cities,our research is the first to apply the synthetic control approach to empirically analyze the causal relationship between the Wuhan lockdown of its population mobility and the progression of newly confirmed COVID-19 *** using a weighted average of available control cities to reproduce the counterfactual outcome trajectory that the treated city would have experienced in the absence of the lockdown,the synthetic control approach overcomes the sample selection bias and policy endogeneity problems that can arise from previous empirical methods in selecting control ***:In our example,the lockdown of Wuhan reduced mobility inflow by approximately 60%and outflow by about 50%.A significant reduction of new cases was observed within four days of the *** increase in new cases declined by around 50%during this ***,the suppression effect became less discernible after this initial period of time.A 2.25-fold surge was found for the increase in new cases on the fifth day following the lockdown,after which it died down ***:Our study provided urgently needed and reliable causal evidence that city lockdown can be an effective short-term tool in containing and delaying the spread of a viral ***,the city lockdown strategy can buy time during which countries can mobilize an effective response in order to better pre

关键词： COVID-19 Population migration Growth rate of newly confirmed cases Synthetic control method

Prevalence of refractive errors in children of Puerto Rico

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第3期16卷 434-441页

作者： Héctor C.Santiago Mayra Rullán Katerin Ortiz Andrés Rivera Mónica Nieves JoséPiña Zulmaris Torres Yvette Mercado Inter American University of Puerto Rico School of Optometry500 John Will HarrisBayamónPuerto Rico 00957USA

AIM:To determine the prevalence of refractive error in 5-to 17-year-old schoolchildren in Puerto ***:A quantitative descriptive study of 2867 children aged 5 to 17y from all seven educational regions of Puerto Rico was conducted from 2016–*** error was determined via static and subjective *** with distance acuity≤20/40 or near visual acuity≤20/32 had a cycloplegic *** analysis included descriptive statistics,correlation coefficient,Kruskal-Wallis,Chi-square,and t test ***:Twenty percent of the children had a spherical equivalent refractive error≤-0.50 D,3.2%had a spherical equivalent≥+2.00 D,and 10.4%had astigmatism≥1 *** was a statistically(but non-clinically)significant myopic change in spherical equivalent refractive error with age(P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P<0.001)but not hyperopia(P=0.59)or astigmatism(P=0.51).Males had a significantly higher hyperopic spherical equivalent than females(P<0.001).Females had a higher prevalence of myopia(P<0.001)than males,but there was no difference in the hyperopia(P=0.74)or astigmatism prevalence(P=0.87).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of a spherical equivalent equal to or less than-0.50 D(myopia,20.7%)is one of the highest among similar-aged children *** studies should explore the rate of myopia progression in children in Puerto *** children must be monitored to examine the need for treatment of myopia progression.

关键词： children refractive error Puerto Rico myopia hyperopia

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印刷广告为何效果不彰?

中国报业 2010年第12期 63-64页

作者：菲利普W.索耶陈志娟 harris Interactive

了测算印刷广告的效果，我选择了20个广告以测试它们的吸引力、品牌力和受众参与度。这三个方面是促成购买行为的最重要的因素。在20多年的广告研究中，我对这三个原则的体会非常深刻。这次我对照着这三个原则从15本杂志里挑选出了50个... 详细信息

了测算印刷广告的效果，我选择了20个广告以测试它们的吸引力、品牌力和受众参与度。这三个方面是促成购买行为的最重要的因素。在20多年的广告研究中，我对这三个原则的体会非常深刻。这次我对照着这三个原则从15本杂志里挑选出了50个广告，这些广告要么符合这三大原则，要么不符合。后来我把广告数量由50个减少到20个，结果让我很吃惊：所有这些广告都与这三大原则相背离。

关键词：广告研究印刷购买行为广告数量吸引力参与度品牌力

Recent advancements in the analysis of bone microstructure: new dimensions in forensic anthropology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第4期3卷 294-309页

作者： Janna M.Andronowski Christian Crowder Miriam Soto Martinez Department of Biology The University of AkronAkronOHUSA harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences HoustonTXUSA

Bone is a mechanically active,three-dimensionally(3D)complex,and dynamic tissue that changes in structure over the human *** tissue exists and remodels in 3D and changes over time,introducing a fourth *** products of the remodelling process,secondary and fragmentary osteons,have been studied substantially using traditional two-dimensional(2D)*** a result,much has been learned regarding the biological information encrypted in the histomorphology of bone,yielding a wealth of information relating to skeletal structure and ***-dimensional imaging modalities,however,hold the potential to provide a much more comprehensive understanding of bone *** visualization and analysis of bone using high-resolution 3D imaging will improve current understandings of bone biology and have numerous applications in both biological anthropology and *** recent technological advancements,we can hone current anthropological applications of the analysis of bone microstructure and accelerate research into the third and fourth dimensional *** review will explore the methodological approaches used historically by anthropologists to assess cortical bone microstructure,spanning from histology to current ex vivo imaging modalities,discuss the growing capabilities of in vivo imaging,and conclude with an introduction of novel nonhistological modalities for investigating bone quality.

关键词： Forensic science forensic anthropology cortical bone synchrotron micro-CT in vivo ex vivo histological age estimation bone quality

On Thermodynamic Analysis of Substances with Negative Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第11期5卷 844-849页

作者： Kal Renganathan Sharma Lone Star College-North harris Houston USA

There are reports in the literature on the discovery of novel materials that were observed to shrink upon heating. Treatment of these materials in the same manner as the materials with positive coefficient of thermal expansion can lead to the misinterpretation of the laws of thermodynamics. This is because volume expansivity is usually defined at constant pressure. Negative values for volume expansivity can be shown using Maxwell’s reciprocity relations to lead to negative values for absolute temperature for ideal gas. For real systems, using Helmholz free energy analysis at equilibrium an expression for the volume expansivity was derived. It can be seen that this expression would be always positive for real physical changes, either heating or cooling. Isentropic volume expansivity is proposed as better suited for analysis of materials with negative thermal expansion, NTE and composites used in space such as Hubble telescope and Chandra telescope with zero coefficient of thermal expansion. This kind of a switch from isobaric to isentropic has precedence in the history of development of speed of sound.

关键词： Negative Thermal Expansion NTE Materials Helmholz Free Energy Second Law of Thermodynamics Speed of Sound Volume Expansivity

On Single Compartment Pharmacokinetic Model Systems that Obey Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics and Multiplicity

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 2013年第3期3卷 77-92页

作者： Kal Renganathan Sharma Advanced Technology Lone Star College-North Harris Houston USA

This study examines the issues in development of pharmacokinetic single compartment model for systems that obey free radical copolymerization kinetics. Copolymer composition as a function of reactivity ratios of comonomers for well mixed case was derived. For some cases, such as DEF-AN, diethyl fumarate and acrylonitrile system multiplicity in composition were found. The analysis is extended to n monomers. State space model expressions are used and the QSSA assumption is stated in state space equation form. Conditions when damped oscillations can be expected are noted. In addition to multiplicity in product composition, an account of reactivity ratios and other instances of multi- plicity were found during the pharmacodynamics of the free radical polymerization reactions. A careful study of initiated case, thermal case, 1 CSTR and 2 CSTRS was undertaken and results were presented. Numerical integration techniques were employed on the desktop computer. Steady state and transient state conversion for initiated case and thermal case for 1 CSTR and 2 CSTRs were calculated and plotted in Figures 7-9 and 12. No multiplicity was found in the thermal case for 1 CSTR in the dynamics of transient monomer conversion. Multiplicity was found in the initiated case for 1 CSTR in the dynamics of transient conversion of monomer. The multiplicity was found in the second CSTR for the case of 2 CSTRs in series. No multiplicity was found in the case of initiator decay.

关键词： Single Compartment Pharmacokinetics Copolymer Composition Reactivity Ratios Multiplicity State Space Model n Monomers

Comparison of Dwell-Times of Two Commonly Placed Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: Traditional vs. Ultrasound-Guided

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第12期5卷 1082-1088页

作者： Gayla Miles Patricia Newcomb Dave Spear Emergency Department Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital Fort Worth Texas USA

Introduction: Because establishing venous access in patients can be difficult and time consuming, the use of ultrasound to guide the insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters has become more common. Anecdotal evidence indicates ultrasound-guided catheter insertion may result in decreased catheter survival in the vein (dwell-time), but there is little evidence to support this observation. The purpose of this study was to compare dwell-times for peripheral intravenous catheters placed with ultrasound guidance with intravenous catheters placed by means of traditional anatomic insertion in patients in an acute care hospital. Methods: This secondary data analysis examined outcomes of 298 patients who received ultrasound-guided catheter insertion and 299 patients who received traditionally placed intravenous catheters. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify significant predictors of dwell-time for both the traditional and US-guided catheters. Results: The average dwell-times for ultrasound-guided and traditionally placed catheters were significantly different (p 2 = 0.22). Discussion: Dwell-times of catheters placed with ultrasound guidance are shorter than traditionally placed catheters. Ultrasound-guided catheters should be monitored closely for inadvertent removal or infiltration. A plan to place a more permanent type of intravenous access should be considered for patients admitted for patients longer than 24 hours.

关键词： Ultrasound Intravenous Catheter Dwell-Time Survival Predictor Ultrasound-Guided

Houston16:A stable geodetic reference frame for subsidence and faulting study in the Houston metropolitan area,Texas,U.S.

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第5期10卷 382-393页

作者： Timothy J.Kearns Guoquan Wang Michael Turco Jennifer Welch Vasilios Tsibanos Hanlin Liu Dept.of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences National Center for Airborne Laser MappingUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA harris-Galveston Subsidence District FriendswoodTX77546USA

Houston,Texas,is one of the earliest regions to employ continuous GPS technology for land subsidence ***,there are over 200 permanent GPS stations located in the greater Houston *** need for a consistent and stable reference frame to precisely interpret local ground deformation has become critically important since the 1990s,because of the significant spreading of *** have established a stable Houston reference frame,designated Houston16,using publicly available GPS observations(>5 years)from 15 Continuously Operating Reference Stations(CORS)located outside of the greater Houston *** of the reference frame in subsidence and faulting studies are demonstrated in this ***16 is aligned in origin and scale with the International GNSS Reference Frame of 2008(IGS08).A 7-parameter method was employed to transform the GPS-derived positional time series from IGS08 to *** primary product of this study is the seven parameters for transforming Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed XYZ coordinates from IGS08 to *** frame stability of Houston16 is approximately 1 mm/***16 will be updated every few years to mitigate degradation of the frame’s stability with time and to synchronize with future updates of the IGS reference frame.

关键词： Faulting GPS Houston IGS08 Reference frame Subsidence