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Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1630-1646页

作者： LIU Yanguo WANG Li ZoU Qiang LI Jingji LU Yafeng LI Lin XU Binni WANG Lihui Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation Southwest University of Science and TechnologyChengdu 610299China Mianyang Science and Technology City Division the National Remote Sensing Center of ChinaSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China State Key Laboratory of geo-hazard Prevention and geo-environment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology) Chengdu 610059China Tianfu New Area Park City Construction Bureau Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Nature ResourcesChengdu 610218China

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period(10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following:(1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction.(2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years;13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned.(3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times.(4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of post-disaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.

关键词： Rural settlements Spatial reconstruction Settlement niche Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction Southwest China

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Theoretical investigation on axial cyclic performance of monopile in sands using interface constitutive models

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2645-2662页

作者： Pan Zhou Jingpei Li Kaoshan Dai Stefan Vogt Seyedmohsen Miraei Department of geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Civil Geo and Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of MunichFranz-Langinger-Str.10München81245Germany Department of Civil Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Cyclic loads generated by environmental factors,such as winds,waves,and trains,will likely lead to performance degradation in pile foundations,resulting in issues like permanent displacement accumulation and bearing capacity *** paper presents a semi-analytical solution for predicting the axial cyclic behavior of piles in *** solution relies on two enhanced nonlinear load-transfer models considering stress-strain hysteresis and cyclic degradation in the pile-soil *** parameters are calibrated through cyclic shear tests of the sand-steel interface and laboratory geotechnical testing of sands.A novel aspect involves the meticulous formulation of the shaft loadtransfer function using an interface constitutive model,which inherently inherits the interface model’s advantages,such as capturing hysteresis,hardening,degradation,and particle *** semi-analytical solution is computed numerically using the matrix displacement method,and the calculated values are validated through model tests performed on non-displacement and displacement piles in *** results demonstrate that the predicted values show excellent agreement with the measured values for both the static and cyclic responses of piles in *** displacement pile response,including factors such as bearing capacity,mobilized shaft resistance,and convergence rate of permanent settlement,exhibit improvements compared to non-displacement piles attributed to the soil squeezing *** methodology presents an innovative analytical framework,allowing for integrating cyclic interface models into the theoretical investigation of pile responses.

关键词： Piles Cyclic degradation Load-transfer models Interface constitutive model Semi-analytical solution Model tests

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UAV-based transient electromagnetic 3D forward modeling and inversion and analysis of exploration capability

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Global geology 2024年第3期27卷 154-166页

作者： WEI Laonao LIU Yunhe ZhANG Bo College of geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China

Unmanned aerial vehicle transient electromagnetic(UAV-TEM)is a novel airborne exploration method that offers advantages such as low cost,simple operation,high exploration efficiency and suitability for near-surface exploration in complex terrain *** improve the accuracy of data interpretation in this method,the authors conducted a systematic three-dimensional(3D)forward modeling and inversion of the *** study utilized the finite element method based on unstructured tetrahedral elements and employed the second-order backward Euler method for time *** allowed for accurate 3D modeling and accounted for the effects of complex *** on these,the influence characteristics of flight altitudes and the sizes,burial depths,and resistivities of anomalies are compared and analyzed to explore the UAV-TEM systems’exploration ***,four typical geoelectrical models of landslides are designed,and the inversion method based on the Gauss-Newton optimization method is used to image the landslide models and analyze the imaging effect of the UAV-TEM method on landslide *** results showed that UAV-TEM could have better exploration resolution and fine imaging of nearsurface structures,providing important technical support for monitoring,early warning,and preventing landslides and other geological hazards.

关键词： UAV 3D forward modeling transient electromagnetic 3D inversion landslide model

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Piecewise Acoustic Source Imaging with Unknown Speed of Sound Using a Level-Set Method

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1070-1095页

作者： Guanghui huang Jianliang Qian Yang Yang Petroleum geo-Services HoustonTX 77079USA Department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Computational Mathematics Science and EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEastLansingMI48824USA

We investigate the following inverse problem:starting from the acoustic wave equation,reconstruct a piecewise constant passive acoustic source from a single boundary temporal measurement without knowing the speed of *** the amplitudes of the source are known a priori,we prove a unique determination result of the shape and propose a level set algorithm to reconstruct the *** the singularities of the source are known a priori,we show unique determination of the source amplitudes and propose a least-squares fitting algorithm to recover the source *** analysis bridges the low-frequency source inversion problem and the inverse problem of *** proposed algorithms are validated and quantitatively evaluated with numerical experiments in 2D and 3D.

关键词： Inverse gravimetry Acoustic source imaging Inversion of sound speed Level-set method Inverse problem

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horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio inversion method based on multimodal forest optimization algorithm

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Global geology 2024年第3期27卷 167-176页

作者： ChEN Xuanning hAN Fuxing GAo Zhenghui SUN Zhangqing hAN Jiangtao College of geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China

The exploration of urban underground spaces is of great significance to urban planning,geological disaster prevention,resource exploration and environmental ***,due to the existing of severe interferences,conventional seismic methods cannot adapt to the complex urban environment *** adopting the single-node data acquisition method and taking the seismic ambient noise as the signal,the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(hVSR)method can effectively avoid the strong interference problems caused by the complex urban environment,which could obtain information such as S-wave velocity and thickness of underground formations by fitting the microtremor hVSR ***,hVSR curve inversion is a multi-parameter curve fitting *** conventional inversion methods can easily converge to the local minimum,which will directly affect the reliability of the inversion ***,the authors propose a hVSR inversion method based on the multimodal forest optimization algorithm,which uses the efficient clustering technique and locates the global optimum *** on synthetic data show that the inversion results of the proposed method are consistent with the forward *** the adaption and stability to the abnormal layer velocity model are *** results of the real field data are also verified by the drilling information.

关键词： microtremor hVSR method multimodal forest optimization algorithm hVSR curve inversion

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Reassessing the contributions of terrestrial waters to sea level variations in the South China Sea and its response to alternating ENSo events

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2253-2267页

作者： Pengfei YANG hok Sum FoK Zhongtian MA MoE Key Laboratory of geospace Environment and geodesy&MNR Key Laboratory of geophysical geodesy School of Geodesy and GeomaticsWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China hubei Luojia Laboratory Wuhan 730079China Department of Land Surveying and geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Regional sea level variability is linked to regional terrestrial water and the El Ni?o-Southern oscillation(ENSo).This study assessed the relationships between the sea level variations in the South China Sea(SCS)and ENSo,the impact of terrestrial water storage(TWS)on non-steric sea level(NSSL),and the contributions of steric sea level(SSL)and NSSL to sea level anomaly(SLA),*** 2003 to 2015,the SLAs exhibited a long-term trend of 6.65±0.78 mm/yr,which was primarily attributed to the ***,during 2003-2015,ENSo events alternating with varying intensities might also be responsible for the unusually high SLA *** to the SSLs,the NSSLs contributed the seasonal signals to the SLAs,while the NSSLs changes were largely explained by the TWS in the Mekong River Basin at the seasonal scale and in the Pearl River Basin and Red River Basin at other time *** contrast to the TWS,the contributions of precipitation and evapotranspiration were relatively minor.A negative correlation between the sea level variations and ENSo was also found,with cross-correlation coefficients between the oceanic Ni?o index and SLAs/SSLs/NSSLs of -0.36/-0.37/-0.62 with lags of 2/3/2 months,*** findings systematically reassessed the contributions of different components to the sea level *** study provided a benchmark for in-depth analysis of the impacts of terrestrial water and other potential causes on sea level rise in the SCS.

关键词： South China Sea Sea level variations Terrestrial water storage ENSo

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Analysis of ancient Rongcharong landslide dam failure events in the Suwalong reach of the upper reaches of the Jinsha River

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yongchao Li Songfeng Guo Bowen Zheng Yu Zou Shengyuan Song Yiwei Zhang Jianhua Yan Muhammad Faisal Waqar Khan Zada Shengwen Qi Jianping Chen Institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Construction Engineering Jilin University College of Earth and Planetary Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of City and Architecture Engineering Zaozhuang University School of Earth Sciences and Engineering hohai University geo-technical and geo-Environmental Engineering Division National Engineering Service Pakistan

Active tectonic movements and geological disasters frequently occur in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River， increasing the likelihood of landslides obstructing the river. Taking the ancient Rongcharong landslide dam failure events in the Suwalong reach as an example， this paper first analyzes the accuracy and applicability of the commonly used methods in calculating the peak flow of the dam failure， such as the empirical formula， the numerical method based on the physical mechanism， and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Then， the peak flood flow of the Rongcharong-dammed lake when it overflows the dam is determined to be 28393～64272m3/s. At the same time， the failure process of landslide dam due to flood erosion was elucidated using the CFD method， which can be divided into three stages: gradual erosion in the initial stage， rapid development in the middle stage， and gradual expansion in the final stage. Finally， the factors that affect the peak flow of floods are analyzed， and suggestions for emergency treatment of landslide dams are put forward. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable reference for disaster prevention and mitigation strategies to adapt to the increasing frequency of landslide-induced river blockages.

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Algorithms and statistical analysis for linear structured weighted total least squares problem

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geodesy and geodynamics 2024年第2期15卷 177-188页

作者： Jian Xie Tianwei Qiu Cui Zhou Dongfang Lin Sichun Long School of Earth Science and Spatial Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China College of Science Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410018China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of geo-spatial Information Technology Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China

Weighted total least squares(WTLS)have been regarded as the standard tool for the errors-in-variables(EIV)model in which all the elements in the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are contaminated with random ***,in many geodetic applications,some elements are error-free and some random observations appear repeatedly in different positions in the augmented coefficient *** is called the linear structured EIV(LSEIV)*** kinds of methods are proposed for the LSEIV model from functional and stochastic *** the one hand,the functional part of the LSEIV model is modified into the errors-in-observations(EIo)*** the other hand,the stochastic model is modified by applying the Moore-Penrose inverse of the cofactor *** algorithms are derived through the Lagrange multipliers method and linear *** estimation principles and iterative formula of the parameters are proven to be *** first-order approximate variance-covariance matrix(VCM)of the parameters is also derived.A numerical example is given to compare the performances of our proposed three algorithms with the STLS ***,the least squares(LS),total least squares(TLS)and linear structured weighted total least squares(LSWTLS)solutions are compared and the accuracy evaluation formula is proven to be feasible and ***,the LSWTLS is applied to the field of deformation analysis,which yields a better result than the traditional LS and TLS estimations.

关键词： Linear structured weighted total least squares Errors-in-variables Errors-in-observations Functional modelmodification Stochastic model modification Accuracyevaluation

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Centrifuge modeling of unreinforced and multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced landslides subjected to reservoir water level fluctuation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1600-1614页

作者： Chenyang Zhang Yueping Yin hui Yan Sainan Zhu Ming Zhang Luqi Wang Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina China Institute of geo-environment Monitoring BeijingChina Chongqing 107 Municipal Construction Engineering Co. Ltd.ChongqingChina Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

With the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir dam,frequent reservoir landslide events have been *** recent years,multi-row stabilizing piles(MRSPs)have been used to stabilize massive reservoir landslides in *** this study,two centrifuge model tests were carried out to study the unreinforced and MRSP-reinforced slopes subjected to reservoir water level(RWL)operation,using the Taping landslide as a *** results indicate that the RWL rising can provide lateral support within the submerged zone and then produce the inward seepage force,eventually strengthening the slope ***,a rapid RWL drawdown may induce outward seepage forces and a sudden debuttressing effect,consequently reducing the effective soil normal stress and triggering partial pre-failure within the RWL fluctuation ***,partial deformation and subsequent soil structure damage generate excess pore water pressures,ultimately leading to the overall failure of the reservoir *** study also reveals that a rapid increase in the downslope driving force due to RWL drawdown significantly intensifies the lateral earth pressures exerted on the ***,the MRSPs possess a considerable reinforcement effect on the reservoir landslide,transforming the overall failure into a partial deformation and failure situated above and in front of the *** mechanical transfer behavior observed in the MRSPs demonstrates a progressive alteration in relation to RWL *** the RWL rises,the mechanical states among MRSPs exhibit a growing *** shear force transfer factor(*** ratio of shear forces on pile of the n th row to that of the first row)increases significantly with the RWL *** indicates that the mechanical states among MRSPs tend toward an enhanced *** insights gained from this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the failure mechanisms of reservoir landslides and the mechanical behavior of M

关键词： Reservoir landslide Failure mechanism Multi-row stabilizing piles Mechanical behavior

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Economic Risk Assessment of Future Debris Flows by Machine Learning Method

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 149-164页

作者： Chenchen Qiu Lijun Su Alessandro Pasuto Giulia Bossi Xueyu Geng School of Engineering University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Key Laboratory of Mountain hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Research Institute for geo-hydrological Protection(IRPI-CNR) National Research Council of ItalyPadova 35127Italy

A reliable economic risk map is critical for effective debris-flow ***,the uncertainties surrounding future scenarios in debris-flow frequency and magnitude restrict its *** estimate the economic risks caused by future debris flows,a machine learning-based method was proposed to generate an economic risk map by multiplying a debris-flow hazard map and an economic vulnerability *** selected the Gyirong Zangbo Basin as the study area because frequent severe debris flows impact the area every *** debris-flow hazard map was developed through the multiplication of the annual probability of spatial impact,temporal probability,and annual *** employed a hybrid machine learning model-certainty factor-genetic algorithm-support vector classification-to calculate ***,a Poisson model was applied for temporal probabilities,while the determination of annual probability of spatial impact relied on statistical ***,four major elements at risk were selected for the generation of an economic loss map:roads,vegetation-covered land,residential buildings,and *** economic loss of elements at risk was calculated based on physical vulnerabilities and their economic ***,we proposed a physical vulnerability matrix for residential buildings,factoring in impact pressure on buildings and their horizontal distance and vertical distance to debrisflow *** this context,an ensemble model(XGBoost) was used to predict debris-flow volumes to calculate impact pressures on *** results show that residential buildings occupy 76.7% of the total economic risk,while roadcovered areas contribute approximately 6.85%.Vegetation-covered land and farmland collectively represent 16.45% of the entire *** findings can provide a scientific support for the effective mitigation of future debris flows.

关键词： Economic risk Future debris fows Gyirong Zangbo Basin Machine learning model Physical vulnerability matrix Southwest Tibet,China

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