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Optical and electrical conductivity properties of rare earth elements(Sm, Y, La, Er) co-doped CeO_(2)

Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第10期40卷 1619-1627页

作者： Rabia Kιrkgecit Handan OzlüTorun Fatma Kιlc Dokan Esra Oztürk institute of Science Material Science and EngineeringKahramanmaras Süt?üImam UniversityKahramanmaras46050Turkey Department of Energy System engineering Kahramanmaras Istiklal UniversityKahramanmaras46300Turkey Department of Chemistry and chemical Processing Technologies Kayseri UniversityKayseriTurkey Department of metallurgical and Materials engineering Karamanoglu Mehmetbey UniversityKaramanTurkey

In this research,un-doped CeO_(2) and Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)MO_(0.05)O_(2)(M:Sm,Er,Y) compounds were synthesized by hydrothermal method and the multi-functional properties are reported.Oxygen defects were created with the additives of rare earth ions.The electrical and luminescence behaviors of the synthesized compounds were investigated in accord with the types of additives.The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) measurement,UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic(EIS).All synthesized compounds are found to be nano-structured and have cubic phase.The total conductivity of all samples was calculated.Hence,the total conductivity of un-doped CeO_(2),Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)Y_(0.05)O_(2),Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)Er_(0.05)O_(2) and Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)Sm_(0.05)O_(2) is found to be 2.07×10^(-10),5.70×10^(-4),1.0×10^(-3) and 0.0747 S/cm,respectively.Also,bandgap energy(E_(g)) of these samples calculated from UV visible absorption spectra is discussed,and the optical results show variation between 3.2 and 2.15 eV.Additionally,the luminescence properties of the compounds were investigated and different emissions occur depending on the additive type.Accordingly,photoluminescent emission spectra of Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)Y_(0.05)O_(2),Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)Er_(0.05)O_(2) and Ce_(0.85)La_(0.10)Sm_(0.05)O_(2) phosphors indicate that these phosphors have red,green and orange-red colors,respectively.

关键词： Cerium oxide Co-doping Conductivity Luminescence Oxygen vacancy Rare earth elements

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Freestanding and Ultra‑flexible PAN/ZIF‑67 Hybrid Membrane with Controlled Porosity for High‑Performance and High‑Safety Lithium Batteries Separator

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1511-1524页

作者： Mao Guo Hangyi Zhu Pengfei Wan Feng Xu Caihong Wang Shengjun Lu Yufei Zhang Haosen Fan Jian Xu College of Materials Science and Metallurgy engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of chemical engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China institute of Low‑Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Herein,a flexible ZIF-67/PAN hybrid membrane was successfully prepared by the incorporation of ZIF-67 nanoparticles and PAN nanofibers through electrospinning method.The hybrid membrane presented tomatoes on sticks structures with one single PAN fiber stringing series of ZIF-67 nanoparticles.The morphology,electrolyte wettability,heat resistance,flexibility,and electrochemical properties of the electrospun ZIF-67/PAN membranes were discussed.Among the membranes prepared with different percentage of ZIF-67,the 30% ZIF-67/PAN membrane exhibited outstanding heat shrinkage resistance(remained intact at 200℃ for 1 h),excellent electrolyte uptake(556.39%),wide electrochemical window(~5.25 V)and high ionic conductivity(2.98 mS cm^(−1)).When used as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)separators,the cells assembled by 30% ZIF-67/PAN membrane presented excellent rate capacity and high capacity retention of 86.9% after 300 cycles at 1C.More importantly,the cells assembled with ZIF-67/PAN membranes repeated bent for 1000 times also exhibited high rate performance and maintained capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles at 1 C.The characterization and the electrochemical testing suggest the electrospinning prepared ZIF-67/PAN flexible membranes can be expected to be used as potential separator for advanced batteries with high safety and high performance.

关键词： ZIF-67/PAN Hybrid membrane Ultra-flexible High safety Separator

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Recent progress in upgrading metallurgical-grade silicon to solar-grade silicon via pyrometallurgical routes

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 767-782页

作者： Yun Lei Xiaodong Ma Ye Wang Zhiyuan Chen Yongsheng Ren Wenhui Ma Kazuki Morita Faculty of metallurgical and Energy engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Sustainable Minerals institute The University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072QLDAustralia School of chemical engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Separation and Conversion Technology Flemish Institute for Technological ResearchMol 2400Belgium Department of Materials engineering Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

Si-based photovoltaic solar power has been rapidly developed as a renewable and green energy source.The widespread use of Sibased solar cells requires large amounts of solar-grade Si(SoG-Si)to manufacture Si wafers.chemical routes,mainly the modified Siemens process,have dominated the preparation of polycrystalline SoG-Si;however,traditional chemical techniques employ a series of complex chemical reactions involving various corrosive and hazardous reagents.In addition,large amounts of complex waste solar cells and Si kerf slurry waste gradually accumulate and are difficult to recycle using these approaches.New methods are required to meet the demand for SoGSi preparation and Si waste recycling.The metallurgical route shows promise but is hindered by the problem of eliminating B and P from metallurgical-grade Si(MG-Si).Various pyrometallurgical treatments have been proposed to enhance the removal of B and P from MG-Si.This article reviews Si refining with slag treatment,chlorination,vacuum evaporation,and solvent refining,and summarizes and discusses the basic principles and recent representative studies of the four methods.Among these,solvent refining is the most promising and environmentally friendly approach for obtaining low-cost SoG-Si and is a popular research topic.Finally,a simple and green approach,i.e.,a combination of solvent refining,slag treatment,or vacuum directional solidification,is proposed for low-cost SoG-Si preparation using MG-Si or Si wastes as raw materials.

关键词： silicon refining solar-grade silicon solvent refining vacuum evaporation slag treatment Si kerf slurry waste

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Systematic physicochemical characterization,carbon balance and cost of production analyses of activated carbons derived from(Co)-HTC of coal discards and sewage sludge for hydrogen storage applications

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第2期5卷 125-149页

作者： Gentil Mwengula Kahilu Samson Bada Jean Mulopo DSI-NRF SARChI Clean Coal Technology Research Group School of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgWits 2050South Africa Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WitwatersrandPO Box 3JohannesburgWits 2050South Africa

Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)technologies for producing value-added carbonaceous material(hydrochar)from coal waste and sewage sludge(SS)waste might be a long-term recycling strategy for hydrogen storage applications,cutting disposal costs and solving waste disposal difficulties.In this study,hydrochars(HC)with high carbon content were produced using a combination of optimal HTC(HTC and Co-HTC)and chemical activation of coal tailings(CT),coal slurry(CS),and a mixture of coal discard and sewage sludge(CB).At 850℃and 800℃,respectively,with a KOH/HC ratio of 4:1 and a residence time of 135 min,activated carbons(ACs)with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface(S_(BET))of 2299.25 m^(2)g^(−1)and 2243.57 m^(2)g^(−1)were obtained.The hydrogen adsorption capability of the produced ACs was further studied using gas adsorption isotherms at 77 K.At 35 bars,the values of hydrogen adsorbed onto AC-HCT(AC obtained from HTC of CT),AC-HCS(AC obtained from HTC of CS),and AC-HCB(AC obtained from HTC of the blending of coal discard(CD)and SS)were approximately 6.12%,6.8%,and 6.57%in weight,respectively.Furthermore,the cost of producing synthetic ACs for hydrogen storage is equivalent to the cost of commercial carbons.Furthermore,the high proportion of carbon retained(>70%)in ACs synthesized by HTC from CD and SS precursors should restrict their potential carbon emissions.

关键词： Hydrothermal carbonization Coal slurry Coal tailing Sewage sludge Hydrogen storage Activated carbons Carbon emissions Production cost

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Regeneration performance and carbon consumption of semi-coke and activated coke for SO_2 and NO removal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 37-43页

作者： Song Ding Yuran Li Tingyu Zhu Yangyang Guo School of Chemistry and chemical engineering Guizhou University National engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

To decrease the operating cost of flue gas purification technologies based on carbon-based materials, the adsorption and regeneration performance of low-price semi-coke and activated coke were compared for SO2 and NO removal in a simulated flue gas. The functional groups of the two adsorbents before and after regeneration were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectrometer, and were quantitatively assessed using temperature programmed desorption（TPD） coupled with FTIR and acid–base titration. The results show that semi-coke had higher adsorption capacity（16.2% for SO2 and 38.6% for NO） than activated coke because of its higher content of basic functional groups and lactones. After regeneration, the adsorption performance of semi-coke decreased because the number of active functional groups decreased and the micropores increased. Semi-coke had better regeneration performance than activated coke. Semi-coke had a larger SO2 recovery of 7.2% and smaller carbon consumption of 12% compared to activated coke. The semi-coke carbon-based adsorbent could be regenerated at lower temperatures to depress the carbon consumption, because the SO2 recovery was only reduced a small amount.

关键词： Functional groups SO2 recovery Adsorption Carbon consumption

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Characterization and source identification of submicron aerosol dur ing ser ious haze pollution periods in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第2期34卷 25-37页

作者： Peng Xu Yuan Yang Junke Zhang Wenkang Gao Zirui Liu Bo Hu Yuesi Wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Resource and Environmental engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Submicron aerosol is of extensive concern not only due to its significant impact on air quality but also because it is detrimental to human health.In this study,we investigated the characteristics,sources and chemical processes of submicron aerosol based on realtime online measurements of submicron aerosols(NR-PM 1)during December 2015 at an urban site in Beijing.The average mass concentration of NR-PM 1 was 92.5±84.9μg/m^(3),the hourly maximum was 459.1μg/m^(3) during the entire observation.The organic aerosol(OA)(55%)was the largest contributor to NR-PM 1.The average mass concentration of PAHs was 0.217±0.247μg/m^(3),exhibiting the highest concentration at night and the lowest levels in the daytime.The average mass concentration of organic nitrate was 2.52±2.36μg/m^(3) and that of inorganic nitrate was 7.62±8.22μg/m^(3),accounting for 36%and 64%,respectively,of the total nitrate mass.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)differentiated the OA into five chemical components including LV-OOA,SV-OOA,COA,HOA and CCOA,accounting for 22%,16%,13%,25%and 24%respectively,of the total OA.The average NR-PM 1 mass concentration on the heavy polluted days(HPD)was 182.8±70.2μg/m^(3),which was approximately 9 times that on clean days(CD).The enhanced secondary formation of SNA was evident on HPD,especially the rapid increase of sulfate(23%)and nitrate(19%).

关键词： Haze pollution Submicron aerosol Source apportionment PAHs Organic and inorganic nitrate

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Selective extraction and recovery of rare earth metals from waste fluorescent powder using alkaline roasting-leaching process

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第10期35卷 1008-1013页

作者：廖春发黎振源曾颜亮陈静远钟立钦王莉 metallurgical and chemical engineering institute Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China

Waste management of rare earth metals（REMs） containing materials and recycling of rare earth metals（REM） from waste materials are becoming more and more important due to high demand and resource exhaustion. However, extraction of REM from waste fluorescent powder materials is difficult because of their special aluminate structure. A novel ＂alkaline roasting-acid leaching＂ process was developed in this study. The alkaline roasting process mechanism was examined using differential thermal analysis（DTA）-thermogravimetric（TG） measurements, and the roasting product was characterized by XRD analysis. In this process, Al_2O_3 was converted into water soluble NaAlO_2 via alkaline roasting, and NaAlO_ 2 in the roasting product could be easily dissolved in water, while the rare earth oxide（REOs） remained as solid. After filtration, REOs cake was leached using hydrochloric acid to achieve 99.8% of REM recovery. It was concluded that the alkaline roasting-acid leaching process could effectively separate Al_2O_3 and REOs with high REM recovery.

关键词： waste rare earth fluorescent powder alkaline roasting leaching

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Density of Na3AIF6-AIF3-LiF-MgF2-Al2O3-Sm2O3 molten salt melt for Al-Sm alloy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第2期36卷 190-196页

作者： Yunfen Jiao Xu Wang Chunfa Liao Jia Su Hao Tang Boqing Cai Qiangchao Sun institute of metallurgical and chemical engineering Jiangxi University of science and Technology Canzhou 341000 China

Samarium（Sm） has been widely used in making aluminum（Al）-Sm magnet alloy materials. The research team for this study developed a molten salt electrolyte system which directly produces AI-Sm alloy to replace the energy intensive conventional distillation technology. In this study, molten melt density was measured and operation conditions were optimized to separate AI-Sm alloy product from the fluoride molten melt electrolysis media based on density differences, Archimedes＇ principle was applied to measure density for the basic molten fluoride system（BMFS： Na_3 AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-MgF_2）electrolysis media in the temperature range from 905 to 1055 ℃.The impact of temperature（t） and the Al_2O_3 and Sm_2O_3 addition ratio（w_（（Al2O3））,w_（（Sm2O3）） in the basic fluoride system on molten melt density was examined. The fluoride molten melt density relationship was determined to be：ρ=3.11701-0.00802 w_（（Al2O3））＋0.027825 w_（（Sm2O3））-0.00117 t. The test results showed that molten density decreases with increase in temperature and Al_2O_3 addition ratio, and increases with the addition of Sm_2O_3, and/or Al_2O_3＋Sm_2O_3. The separation of Al-Sm（density 2.3 g/cm^3） product melt from the BMFS melt is achieved by controlling the BMFS density to less than 2.0 g/cm3. It is concluded that the optimal operation conditions to control the BMFS molten salt density to less than 2.0 g/cm^3 are：maintain addition of Al_2O_3＋Sm_2 O_3（w_（（Al2O3））＋w_（（Sm2O3））〈9% of Na_3AlF_6,Al_2O_3/Sm_2O_3 ratio（w_（（Al2O3））：w_（（Sm2O3）））〉 7：3, and temperature between 965 and 995 ℃.

关键词： Sm2O3 Molten salt Density Regression analysis Al-Sm master alloy Rare earths

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Identification of ions present in LiF-DyF_3 melts and the mechanism of Dy_2O_3 dissolution therein

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第2期37卷 211-217页

作者： Chunfa Liao Shumei Chen Xu Wang Boqing Cai Jueyuan Lin Yunfen Jiao Yanliang Zeng institute of metallurgical and chemical engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research institute

Herein, the present paper were attempted to identify ions in LiF-DyF_3 melts according to the law of decreasing primary crystallization temperature and model analysis. Specifically.the primary crystallization temperatures of LiF-DyF_3 and LiF-DyF_3-Dy_2O_3 melts with various DyF_3 and Dy_2O_3 contents were determined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and reactions occurring in the above melts were investigated using ideal dilute solution(Temkin and Flood) models. Moreover, crystal phases produced by rapid solidification of LiF-DyF_3, LiF-Dy_2O_3, DyF_3-Dy_2O_3, and LiF-DyF_3-Dy_2O_3 melts were identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The primary crystallization temperature of LiF-DyF_3 melts exhibits an approximately linear decrease with increasing molar fraction of DyF_3, and the general formula of complex ions in these melts is expressed as DyF_x^((3-x)),e.g., DyF_4^-. Finally, we investigated the dissolution of Dy_2O_3 in LiF-DyF_3 melts, showing that it was chemical in nature and afforded Dy_(1+x)O_(3x)F_(3-3x) and DyOF.

关键词： LiF-DyF3-Dy2O3 melt Dissolution mechanism Primary crystallization temperature Temkin model Flood model Melting enthalpy

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Hollow multishelled structural TiN as multi-functional catalytic host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

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Nano Research 2023年第11期16卷 12745-12752页

作者： Wei Xu Ruyi Bi Mei Yang Jiangyan Wang Ranbo Yu Dan Wang State Key Laboratory of Biochemical engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of metallurgical and Ecological engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of chemical engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery has attracted extensive attention because of its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low cost.However,its commercialization is seriously hampered by its short cycling life,mainly due to the shuttle of soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and poor rate capability due to sluggish reaction kinetics.Although significant efforts have been devoted to solving the problems,it is still challenging to simultaneously address all the issues.Herein,titanium nitride hollow multishelled structure(TiN HoMS)sphere is designed as a multi-functional catalytic host for sulfur cathode.TiN,with good conductivity,can effectively catalyze the redox conversion of S and LiPSs,while its surficial oxidation passivation layer can strongly anchor LiPSs.Besides,HoMS enables TiN nanoparticle subunits to expose abundant active sites for anchoring and promoting conversion of LiPSs,while the multiple shells provide physical barriers to restrict the shuttle effect.In addition,HoMS can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and shorten the charge transport pathway.As a result,the sulfur cathode based on triple-shelled TiN HoMS exhibits an initial specific capacity of 1016 mAh·g-1 at a high sulfur loading of 2.8 mg·cm-2 and maintains 823 mAh·g-1 after 100 cycles.Moreover,it shows a four times higher specific capacity than the one without TiN host at 2 C.

关键词： lithium-sulfur batteries titanium nitride hollow multishelled structure shuttle effect rate capability

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