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Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay for identifying pathogens in lung cancer patients

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BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 623-637页

作者： JIYU WANG HUIXIA LI DEYUAN ZHOU LIHONG BAI KEJING TANG Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina institute of Pulmonary Diseases Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Background:For patients with lung cancer,timely identiﬁcation of new lung lesions as infectious or non-infectious,and accurate identiﬁcation of pathogens is very important in improving OS of patients.As a new auxiliary examination,metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is believed to be more accurate in diagnosing infectious diseases in patients without underlying diseases,compared with conventional microbial tests(CMTs).We designed this study toﬁnd out whether mNGS has better performance in distinguishing infectious and non-infectious diseases in lung cancer patients using bronchoalveolar lavageﬂuid(BALF).Materials and Methods:This study was a real-world retrospective review based on electronic medical records of lung cancer patients with bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)and BALF commercial mNGS testing as part of clinical care from 1 April 2019 through 30 April 2022 at The First Afﬁliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.164 patients were included in this study.Patients were categorized into the pulmonary non-infectious disease(PNID)group(n=64)and the pulmonary infectious disease(PID)group(n=100)groups based onﬁnal diagnoses.Results:BALF mNGS increased the sensitivity rate by 60%compared to CMTs(81%vs.21%,p0.1).Among the patients with PID,bacteria were the most common cause of infection.Fungal infections occurred in 32%of patients,and Pneumocystis Yersini was most common.Patients with Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)therapy possess longer overall survival(OS)than other anti-cancer agents,the difference between TKIs and immuno-checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)was insigniﬁcant(median OS TKIs vs.ICIs vs.Anti-angiogenic vs.Chemo vs.Radiotherapy=76 vs.84 vs.61 vs.58 vs.60).Conclusions:our study indicates that BALF mNGS can add value by improving overall sensitivity in lung cancer patients with potential pulmonary infection,and was outstanding in identifying Pneumocystis infection.It could be able to help physicians adjust the follow-up treatmen

关键词： Lung cancer Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Metagenomic next-generation sequencing Infectious diseases

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OsDA1 positively regulates grain width in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 92-101页

作者： Cong Li Jun Liu Liya Zhang Tao Li Hongyu Li Bin Liu Tao Zhao institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of Nanfan&Seed Industry Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510316GuangdongChina

The size and shape of rice grains influence their yield and commercial value.We investigated the role of OsDA1,a rice homolog of the Arabidopsis DA1 gene,in regulating grain size and shape.OsDA1 was highly expressed in young spikelets and glumes.Its overexpression led to enlarged seeds with increased width and decreased length/width ratio(LWR)and knocking out OsDA1 reduced grain width and increased grain length and LWR.A R310K point mutation in the DA1-like domain is a potential target for breeding for increased grain width and length.OsDA1 interacted with TCP gene-family proteins to regulate grain size and shape.Our findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grain size regulation and provide useful information for improving grain yield.

关键词： Rice Osda1 Grain size Grain shape Grain length/width ratio TCP

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Improving IEC thermal model for oil natural air natural transformers using optimised parameters based on dynamic simulation

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 217-229页

作者： Lijing Zhang Yingting Luo Gehao Sheng Zizhan Ni Xiuchen Jiang Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Electric Power Research institute of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation GuangzhouChina

Accurate assessment of hot-spot temperature is essential for the safe operation of power transformers.Existing dynamic thermal models cannot estimate hot-spot temperature accurately since some input parameters are roughly determined by transformer capacity and cooling mode while ignoring the effect of winding structure,tank dimensions,and material physical properties.To improve the accuracy of temperature assessment,empirical parameters of the IEC thermal model including thermal constants,winding and oil exponents are optimised with the help of numerical simulation in this article.Based on energy conservation and heat transfer theory,a computational fluid dynamic(CFD)model of a transformer in oil natural air natural(ONAN)cooling mode is established.This CFD model simulates the entity's structure,sizes,and multi-stage heat dissipation processes realistically,so it can more precisely calculate the dynamic hot-spot temperature.According to the simulated temperature curves at different operating conditions,the thermal constants and oil exponent are estimated using non-linear regression,and the winding exponent is optimised using linear regression.A case study is conducted on an ONAN transformer.It shows the improved IEC model with optimised parameters can more accurately evaluate hot-spot temperature,and the absolute error is decreased by 2.4 K(38.7%)compared with traditional thermal models.

关键词： temperature properties. thermal

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Mode-dependent dynamic gain of all-fiber FM-EDFA under various pump manipulation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 128-134页

作者：方翼鸿张心怡黄锡恒曾研许鸥李建平付松年秦玉文 institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of EducationGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The dynamic gain of a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier(FM-EDFA)is vital for the long-haul mode division multiplexing(MDM)transmission.Here,we investigate the mode-dependent dynamic gain of an FM-EDFA under various manipulations of the pump mode.First,we numerically calculate the gain variation with respect to the input signal power,where a modedependent saturation input power occurs under different pump modes.Even under the fixed intensity profile of the pump laser,the saturation input power of each spatial mode is different.Moreover,high-order mode pumping leads to a compression of the linear amplification region,even though it is beneficial for the mitigation of the differential modal gain(DMG)arising in all guided modes.Then,we develop an all-fiber 3-mode EDFA,where the fundamental mode of the pump laser can be efficiently converted to the LP_(11)mode using the all-fiber mode-selective coupler(MSC).In comparison with the traditional LP_(01)pumping scheme,the DMG at 1550 nm can be mitigated from 1.61 dB to 0.97 dB under the LP_(11)mode pumping,while both an average gain of 19.93 dB and a DMG of less than 1 dB can be achieved from 1530 nm to 1560 nm.However,the corresponding signal input saturation powers are reduced by 0.3 dB for the LP_(01)mode and 1.6 dB for the LP_(11)mode,respectively.Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that a trade-off occurs between the DMG mitigation and the extension of the linear amplification range when the intensity profile of pump laser is manipulated.

关键词： few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier differential modal gain saturation input power

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Cu-Bearing 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 169-180页

作者： Huan Yang Ying Liu Jianbo Jin Kunmao Li Junjie Yang Lingjian Meng Chunbo Li Wencai Zhang Shengfeng Zhou Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China institute of Advanced Wear and Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Department of Orthopedics First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China

Cu-bearing stainless steels(SSs)with high strength,excellent plasticity,and effective antimicrobial properties hold significant potential for applications in the marine industry.In this study,Cu-bearing SSs with copper ranging from 0 to 6.0 wt%were successfully prepared using selective laser melting(SLM)technology.For the Cu-bearing SSs with different copper contents,the effect of heat treatment on the microstructural and mechanical behaviors was studied systematically.Microstructural observations revealed that the subgrain size of Cu-bearing SSs increased with heat treatment at 500℃ and 700℃ for 6 h.Furthermore,the tensile strength and elongation increased after the heat treatment temperature due to the combined effect of dislocations,twins,andε-Cu precipitated phases.Notably,after heat treatment at 700℃,the SLM4.5Cu sample exhibited an abnormal rise in tensile strength and elongation.This finding suggests that the diffusion strengthening caused byε-Cu precipitates exceeded the stacking fault energy.Consequently,the tensile strength and elongation reached 693.32 MPa and 56.94%,respectively.This work provides an efficient approach for preparing Cu-bearing SSs with exceptional strength and plasticity.

关键词： Selective laser melting Cu-bearing stainless steel(SS) Heat treatment Mechanical properties

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The use of electrokinetics promises a sustainable mining future

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 17-18页

作者： Gaofeng Wang Xiaoliang Liang Jianxi Zhu Hongping He CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Material Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Moving toward a zero-carbon economy is an ambitious goal of all human beings.Utilization of various metal resources plays a central role in such a transition.Rare earth elements(REEs),especially heavy REEs(HREEs),are crucial for the development of future green and zero-carbon economies due to their irreplaceable roles in many applications of renewable energy technologies;e.g.,solar panels,wind turbines,and hybrid vehicle batteries.Ion-adsorption rare earth deposits(IADs)are the primary repositories for HREEs and supply more than 95%of the global HREE demand.1 However,current mining technologies using excessive ammonium salts have caused devastating harm to the local environment while exhibiting a low recovery rate of REEs,a long mining period,and landslide risks.Since 2018,the adoption of ammonium salt-based techniques in REE mining has been prohibited,exacerbating the scarcity of REEs that could lead to disruptions of the supply chain.Moreover,metals are currently almost exclusively extracted from their ores via physical excavation or chemical leaching.These energy-intensive and environmentally damaging techniques remain among the foremost CO_(2) emitters.The mining industry is in desperate need of a new generation of mining technology.

关键词： mining replace earth

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Wearable multilead ECG sensing systems using on-skin stretchable and breathable dry adhesives

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 167-180页

作者： Yingxi Xie Longsheng Lu Wentao Wang Huan Ma School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China Guangdong Cardiovascular institute Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangzhou 510080China

Electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases,for which wearable electronics have attracted much attention due to their lightweight,comfort,and long-term use.This study developed a wearablemultilead ECG sensing system with on-skin stretchable and conductive silver(Ag)-coated fiber/silicone(AgCF-S)dry adhesives.Tangential and normal adhesion to pigskin(0.43 and 0.20 N/cm2,respectively)was optimized by the active control of fiber density and mixing ratio,resulting in close contact in the electrode–skin interface.The breathableAgCF-S dry electrodewas nonallergenic after continuous fit for 24 h and can be reused/cleaned(>100 times)without loss of adhesion.The AgCF encapsulated inside silicone elastomers was overlapped to construct a dynamic network under repeated stretching(10%strain)and bending(90°)deformations,enabling small intrinsic impedance(0.3,0.1 Hz)and contact impedance variation(0.7 k)in high-frequency vibration(70 Hz).All hard/soft modules of the multilead ECG system were integrated into lightweight clothing and equipped with wireless transmission for signal visualization.By synchronous acquisition of I–III,aVR,aVL,aVF,and V4 lead data,the multilead ECG sensing system was suitable for various scenarios,such as exercise,rest,and sleep,with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios.

关键词： Multilead electrocardiogram Dry electrodes Wearable electronics Wireless transmission

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Laboratory studies on the infectivity of human respiratory viruses:Experimental conditions,detections,and resistance to the atmospheric environment

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 471-483页

作者： Yaohao Hu Shuyi Peng Bojiang Su Tao Wang Juying Lin Wei Sun Xiaodong Hu Guohua Zhang Xinming Wang Ping'an Peng Xinhui Bi State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou 510640China

The environmental stability of infectious viruses in the laboratory setting is crucial to the transmission potential of human respiratory viruses.Different experimental techniques or conditions used in studies over the past decades have led to diverse understandings and predictions for the stability of viral infectivity in the atmospheric environment.In this paper,we review the current knowledge on the effect of simulated atmospheric conditions on the infectivity of respiratory viruses,mainly focusing on influenza viruses and coronaviruses,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.First,we summarize the impact of the experimental conditions on viral stability;these involve the methods of viral aerosol generation,storage during aging and collection,the virus types and strains,the suspension matrixes,the initial inoculum volumes and concentrations,and the drying process.Second,we summarize and discuss the detection methods of viral infectivity and their disadvantages.Finally,we integrate the results from the reviewed studies to obtain an overall understanding of the effects of atmospheric environmental conditions on the decay of infectious viruses,especially aerosolized viruses.Overall,this review highlights the knowledge gaps in predicting the ability of viruses to maintain infectivity during airborne transmission.

关键词： Respiratory viruses Viral infectivity Laboratory simulation Atmospheric environmental condition Airborne transmission

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Circular RNAs in breast cancer diagnosis,treatment and prognosis

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Oncology Research 2024年第2期32卷 241-249页

作者： XIAOJIA HUANG CAILU SONG JINHUI ZHANG LEWEI ZHU HAILIN TANG Department of Breast Oncology Surgery Affiliated Cancer Hospital&Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510095China State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China Department of Breast Surgery The First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshan528000China

Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most common malignancy worldwide.The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer continue to rise,which leads to a great burden on public health.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),a new class of noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),have been recognized as important oncogenes or suppressors in regulating cancer initiation and progression.In breast cancer,circRNAs have significant roles in tumorigenesis,recurrence and multidrug resistance that are mediated by various mechanisms.Therefore,circRNAs may serve as promising targets of therapeutic strategies for breast cancer management.This study reviews the most recent studies about the biosynthesis and characteristics of circRNAs in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation,as well as the value of circRNAs in clinical applications as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in breast cancer.Understanding the mechanisms by which circRNAs function could help transform basic research into clinical applications and facilitate the development of novel circRNA-based therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.

关键词： CircRNA Breast cancer Diagnosis Treatment Biomarker

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Stretchable,Transparent,and Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Shielding Thin Films Based on Wrinkled MXene Architectures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 110-122页

作者： Shaodian Yang Zhiqiang Lin Ximiao Wang Junhua Huang Rongliang Yang Zibo Chen Yi Jia Zhiping Zeng Zhaolong Cao Hongjia Zhu Yougen Hu Enen Li Huanjun Chen Tianwu Wang Shaozhi Deng Xuchun Gui State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275People’s Republic of China National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic MaterialsShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology Guangzhou 510275People’s Republic of China China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation Beijing 100176People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275People’s Republic of China GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research institute Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510700People’s Republic of China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Quantum Electromagnetics Guangzhou 510700People’s Republic of China

With the increasing demand for terahertz(THz)technology in security inspection,medical imaging,and flexible electronics,there is a significant need for stretchable and transparent THz electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials.Existing EMI shielding materials,like opaque metals and carbon-based films,face challenges in achieving both high transparency and high shielding efficiency(SE).Here,a wrinkled structure strategy was proposed to construct ultra-thin,stretchable,and transparent terahertz shielding MXene films,which possesses both isotropous wrinkles(height about 50 nm)and periodic wrinkles(height about 500 nm).Compared to flat film,the wrinkled MXene film(8 nm)demonstrates a remarkable 36.5%increase in SE within the THz band.The wrinkled MXene film exhibits an EMI SE of 21.1 dB at the thickness of 100 nm,and an average EMI SE/t of 700 dBμm^(−1)over the 0.1-10 THz.Theoretical calculations suggest that the wrinkled structure enhances the film’s conductivity and surface plasmon resonances,resulting in an improved THz wave absorption.Additionally,the wrinkled structure enhances the MXene films’stretchability and stability.After bending and stretching(at 30%strain)cycles,the average THz transmittance of the wrinkled film is only 0.5%and 2.4%,respectively.The outstanding performances of the wrinkled MXene film make it a promising THz electromagnetic shielding materials for future smart windows and wearable electronics.

关键词： Terahertz Wrinkle structure Electromagnetic interference shielding MXene

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