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Genomics and morphometrics reveal the adaptive evolution of pikas

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Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 813-826页

作者： Rui-Xiang Tang Jiao Wang Yi-Fei Li Cheng-Ran Zhou Guan-Liang Meng Feng-Jun Li Yue Lan Megan Price Lars Podsiadlowski Yan Yu Xu-Ming Wang Yin-Xun Liu Bi-Song Yue Shan-Lin Liu Zhen-Xin Fan Shao-Ying Liu key laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment(Ministry of Education) College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Sichuan Academy of Forestry ChengduSichuan 610081China key laboratory of Birth Defects and Related diseases of Women and Children of MOE Department of PediatricsWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China BGI-Shenzhen ShenzhenGuangdong 518083China Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Bonn D-53113Germany Department of Entomology China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China Sichuan key laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China

Pikas(Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) are small mouselike lagomorphs. To investigate their adaptation to different ecological environments during their dispersal from the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau(QTP), we collected 226 pikas and measured 20 morphological characteristics and recorded habitat information. We also sequenced the genome of 81specimens, representing 27 putative pika *** genome-wide tree based on 4?090 coding genes identified five subgenera, i.e., Alienauroa, Conothoa,Lagotona, Ochotona, and Pika, consistent with morphometric data. Morphologically, Alienauroa and Ochotona had similar traits, including smaller size and earlier divergence time compared to other ***, the habitats of Alienauroa and Ochotona differed from those of the remaining subgenera. Phylogenetic signal analysis detected 83 genes significantly related to morphological characteristics, including several visual and hearingrelated genes. Analysis of shared amino acid substitutions and positively selected genes(PSGs) in Alienauroa and Ochotona identified two genes, i.e.,mitochondrial function-related TSFM(p.Q155E) and low-light visual sensitivity-related PROM1(p.H419Y).Functional experiments demonstrated that TSFM-155E significantly enhanced mitochondrial function compared to TSFM-155Q in other pikas, and PROM1-419Y decreased the modeling of dynamic intracellular chloride efflux upon calcium uptake. Alienauroa and Ochotona individuals mostly inhabit different environments(e.g., subtropical forests) than other pikas, suggesting that a shift from the larger ancestral type and changes in sensory acuity and energy enhancement may have been required in their new environments. This study increases our understanding of the evolutionary history of pikas.

关键词： Pikas Genomics Morphometrics Adaptive evolution Sensory and energy functions

Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans,China

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第1期33卷 104-107页

作者： Ning Wang Shi-Yue Li Xing-Lou Yang Hui-Min Huang Yu-Ji Zhang Hua Guo ,Chu-Ming Luo Maureen Miller Guangjian Zhu Aleksei A. Chmura Emily Hagan Ji-Hua Zhou Yun-Zhi Zhang Lin-Fa Wang Peter Daszak Zheng-Li Shi CAS key laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Health Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071 China Eco Health Alliance New York NY 10001 USA Yunnan provincial key laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention Dali 671000 China School of Public Health Dali University Dali 671000 China Programme in Emerging Infectious diseases Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore 169857 Singapore

Dear Editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARSCo V)is the causative agent of the 2002–2003 SARS pandemic,which resulted in more than 8000 human infections worldwide and an approximately 10%fatality rate(Ksiazek et al.2003;Peiris et al.2004).The virus infects both upper airway and alveolar epithelial cells,resulting in mild to severe lung injury in

关键词：病毒感染 SARS 血清学证据中国世界范围症候群代理人

Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19

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Infectious Microbes & diseases 2020年第3期2卷 89-95页

作者： Xiaoqin Zheng Lanjuan Li State key laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina

The recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has rapidly evolved into a pandemic with over 10 million infections and over 500 thousand *** are currently no effective therapies or vaccines available to protect against this coronavirus *** this review,we discuss potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 based on the available information from previous research on severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS).Substantial efforts are underway to discover new therapeutic agents for COVID-19,including the repurposing of existing agents and the development of novel agents that specifically target SARS-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)or host *** the screening of compound libraries,various classes of drugs,such as ribavirin,remdesivir,lopinavir/ritonavir,and hydroxychloroquine have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates against *** antiviral drugs for SARS-coronavirus 2 are being developed to target viral enzymes or functional proteins,as well as host factors or cell signaling pathways.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 anti-virals

Influence of temperature on glutathione level and glutathione-related enzyme activities of Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas ***-L

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2007年第2期18卷 161-167页

作者：丁燏缪锦来王全富李光友 guangdong provincial key Lab of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal Fisheries College of guangdong Ocean University key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances SOA

GSH system plays a role in the control of the redox balance state, anti-oxidation and protecting life from injury of ROS （ reactive oxygen species）. In present paper, the possible GSH system of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L has been investigated by evaluating GSH and GSH-related enzymatic responses at different temperatures using spectrophotometer methods. The results showed that the GSH system is correlated positively to low temperature, and other factors but GR are correlated negatively to high temperature. So GSH and GSH-related enzymes play an important role in the adaptation of Antarctic ice microalgae to low temperature.

关键词： Chlamydomortas sp. ICE-L Glutathione Glutathione peroxidase Glutathione reductase Glutathione S-transferase Acclimation to low temperature.

Trapping Effects of Different Treatments on Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae

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Plant diseases and Pests 2012年第5期3卷 11-13,27页

作者： Yonglin LIAO Yang ZHANG Yanfang LI Hanxiang XIAO Zhenfei ZHANG Yueguan FU Institute of Plant Protection Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science guangdong provincial key laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection Institute of Environment and Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Tropical Sciences

Five different trapping treatments, spraying attractant on bottle surface and spraying attractant inside the bottles with 0, 50,100 and 200 mL water, were set to trap Bactrocera dorsalis and B. cucurbitae in guava （Psidium guajava） park. The results showed that when the usage of attractant was 1 g, both Haonian and Wende had trapping effect on B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae. The trapping effect of Haonian on B. dorsalis was better than that of Wende, while their trapping effects on B. cucurbitae was just the opposite. The trapping effects of different treatments had great difference. The trapping effect of Haonian on two species of fruit flies enhanced with the increasing volume of water, and reached the ma^mum value as the water volume was 200 mL. With the increasing volume of water, the trap- ping effect of Wende on two species of fruit flies first increased, and then decreased, which reached the maximum value as the water volume was 50 mL. Different treatments with attractants spraying inside bottles had better trapping effects on two species of fruit flies than that spraying on bottle surface.

关键词： Attraetant Trapping design Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera cucurbitae Trapping effect

Protective effect of curcumin on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus A relationship to the inhibition of neuronal Ca^(2+) influx

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第2期5卷 113-117页

作者： Luyan Guo Rongbo Tu Min Lin Jun Dong Department of Pathophysiology Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical College of Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Province China Institute of Brain Research Medical College of Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Province China Department of Ultrasound First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Province China

BACKGROUND： Previous studies of curcumin have focused mainly on its cytotoxic properties for antitumor therapy. There are few studies addressing the application of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases. OBJECTIVE： To observe the protective effect of curcumin against tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus and to explore the intervention effect of curcumin on Ca^2＋ influx following neuronal damage. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell morphological and physiological study was performed at the Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, China, from December 2006 to June 2007. MATERIALS： Curcumin （Sigma, USA） and TNF-α （Sigma, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were isolated from one-day neonatal rats and primarily cultured for 5 days. Following this they received 1 pmol/L curcumin and 100 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Dynamic morphological changes were observed for 1 hour by inverted microscopy. At 48 hours post-treatment, static morphological characteristics of the neurons were observed using inverted microscopy. Subsequently, hippocampal neurons were primarily cultured for 7 days, after receiving 1 pmol/L curcumJn and 4.5 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Intracellular free Ca^2＋ was measured using Fluo 3/acetoxymethyl ester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effects of curcumin on TNF-a-induced neuronal damage and Ca^2＋ influx in the rat hippocampus were measured. RESULTS： Following curcumin treatment, TNF-a-induced neurons grew as normal. TNF-a induced a rapid Ca^2＋ influx into the neuronal cytoplasm; however, Ca2＋ fluorescence intensity only slightly increased when neurons were co-perfused with curcumin and TNF-α. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has a protective effect on rat hippocampal neurons possibly by reducing the TNF-α-induced rapid Ca^2＋ influx into neuronal cytoplasm and by maintaining the Ca^2＋ homeostasis.

关键词： curcumin tumor necrosis factor-alpha primary culture Ca^2+ human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated dementia

Single-Atom Ce-N_(4)-C-(OH)_(2)Nanozyme-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction to Alleviate Hyperglycemia

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Research 2023年第4期2023卷 463-473页

作者： Guangchun Song Jia Xu Hong Zhong Qi Zhang Xin Wang Yitong Lin Scott PBeckman Yunbo Luo Xiaoyun He Jin-Cheng Li Kunlun Huang Nan Cheng Beijing laboratory for Food Quality and Safety College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Faculty of Chemical Engineering Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in PhosphorusChemical Engineering and New Phosphorus MaterialsKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650000China key laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism(Food Safety) Ministry of AgricultureBeijing 100083China

The enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity of single-atom nanozymes has been widely used in tumor ***,research on alleviating metabolic diseases,such as hyperglycemia,has not been ***,we found that the single-atom Ce-N_(4)-C-(OH)_(2)(SACe-N_(4)-C-(OH)_(2))nanozyme promoted glucose absorption in lysosomes,resulting in increased reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 ***,the SACe-N_(4)-C-(OH)_(2)nanozyme initiated a cascade reaction involving superoxide dismutase-,oxidase-,catalase-,and peroxidase-like activity to overcome the limitations associated with the substrate and produce•OH,thus improving glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by increasing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β,and the expression of glycogen synthase,promoting glycogen synthesis to improve glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemic ***,these results demonstrated that the novel nanozyme SACeN_(4)-C-(OH)_(2)alleviated the effects of hyperglycemia without evident toxicity,demonstrating its excellent clinical application potential.

关键词： diseases overcome initiated

CAS9 is a genome mutator by directly disrupting DNA-PK dependent DNA repair pathway

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Protein & Cell 2020年第5期11卷 352-365页

作者： Shuxiang Xu Jinchul Kim Qingshuang Tang Qu Chen Jingfeng Liu Yang Xu Xuemei Fu Cancer Research Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer ImmunotherapySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518033China Division of Biological Sciences University of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA 92093USA Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Shenzhen 518026China

With its high efficiency for site-specific genome editing and easy manipulation,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9(CAS9)system has become the most widely used gene editing technology in biomedical *** addition,significant progress has been made for the clinical development of CRISPR/CAS9 based gene therapies of human diseases,several of which are entering clinical *** we report that CAS9 protein can function as a genome mutator independent of any exogenous guide RNA(gRNA)in human cells,promoting genomic DNA double-stranded break(DSB)damage and genomic ***9 interacts with the KU86 subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase(DNA-PK)complex and disrupts the interaction between KU86 and its kinase subunit,leading to defective DNA-PK-dependent repair of DNA DSB damage via non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ)***9 is a CAS9 variant with potentially higher fidelity and broader compatibility,and dCAS9 is a CAS9 variant without nuclease *** show that XCAS9 and dCAS9 also interact with KU86 and disrupt DNA DSB *** the critical roles of DNA-PK in maintaining genomic stability and the pleiotropic impact of DNA DSB damage responses on cellular proliferation and survival,our findings caution the interpretation of data involving CRISPR/CAS9-based gene editing and raise serious safety concerns of CRISPR/CAS9 system in clinical application.

关键词： keyWORDS CAS9 DNA-PK DNA double-stranded breaks genetic instability DNA repair

Mechanism of exosomal microRNA-224 in development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its diagnostic and prognostic value

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第15期25卷 1890-1898页

作者： Yao Cui Hai-Feng Xu key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Interventional Therapy Department Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Ming-Yue Liu Yu-Jie Xu Jun-Chuang He Yun Zhou Shun-Dong Cang Department of Oncology Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine in Cancer Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Henan Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University School of Clinical Medicine Henan University

BACKGROUND Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and biological molecules such as DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids in exosomes are a group of molecules that can act as biomarkers. Currently, there are many reports on exosomal microRNAs, which are ideal biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, there are few reports on the role of exosomal microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To understand the mechanism of exosomal microRNA-224(miR-224) in the development of HCC and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic *** Cell culture and transfection of exosomal miRNA-224, real-time quantitative PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and other methods were used to find new biomarkers related to the development of HCC that can be used to diagnose HCC and predict HCC *** targeting glycine N-methyltransferase, incubating exosomes with miR-224 mimic resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation compared to that of the control group, while incubation with the miR-224 inhibitor significantly reduced cell proliferation. The same results were obtained for the cell invasion assay. Serum exosomal miR-224 did have some ability to differentiate patients with HCC from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.910, and HCC patients with higher serum exosomal miR-224 expression had lower overall *** Exosomal miR-224 is a tumor promotor and can be a marker of diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients, however, its ability to distinguish liver diseases needs further verification.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Serum Exosome MicroRNA-224 Biomarker